Metabolic and bariatric surgery(MBS)has emerged as an effective treatment option for individuals with severe obesity
and related metabolic disorders. However, ensuring safe and successful outcomes for patients undergoing MBS requires
comprehensive and specialized nutrition care. This abstract aims to provide an overview of the current status of
nutrition care in patients undergoing MBS and its role in ensuring safe practice.
Preoperative nutrition care focuses on preparing patients for surgery by promoting weight loss, improving nutritional
status, and addressing comorbidities. Multidisciplinary teams, including registered dietitians, assess patients’ dietary
habits, provide individualized meal plans, and educate them about the importance of lifelong dietary modifications.
Preoperative weight loss, achieved through a low-calorie diet or meal replacements, helps reduce liver size and associated
risks during surgery.
During the perioperative phase, nutrition care focuses on maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance, preventing nutrient
deficiencies, and promoting wound healing. Following surgery, patients progress through a series of dietary stages,
starting with clear liquids and advancing to solid foods. This progression is closely monitored by the nutrition team,
who educate patients about portion control, nutrient density, and the importance of regular protein intake to prevent
muscle wasting.
Long-term nutrition care is essential to support weight loss maintenance, prevent nutritional deficiencies, and address
potential complications. Regular follow-up visits allow dietitians to assess patients’ nutritional status, adjust dietary
recommendations, and provide ongoing support for behavior change. Patients are encouraged to consume a balanced
diet rich in lean proteins, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats, while minimizing high-calorie and
processed foods.
Nutrition care in MBS patients also involves managing specific complications such as dumping syndrome, vitamin
and mineral deficiencies, malabsorption, and inadequate weight loss. Periodic nutritional assessments, including laboratory
tests, help identify and address deficiencies promptly. Nutritional supplements, such as multivitamins, iron, calcium,
and vitamin B12, are often prescribed to prevent deficiencies and support overall health.
In conclusion, nutrition care plays a vital role in ensuring safe and successful outcomes for patients undergoing MBS.
From preoperative preparation to long-term follow-up, nutrition care focuses on optimizing nutritional status, supporting
weight loss maintenance, preventing complications, and addressing deficiencies. Comprehensive and individualized
nutrition interventions, delivered by multidisciplinary teams, are crucial in achieving safe and effective metabolic and
bariatric surgery outcomes. Future efforts should focus on overcoming barriers and expanding access to specialized nutrition
care for all individuals undergoing MBS.
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