個人間感情制御は，ソーシャルサポートといった社会的資源を活用した感情制御である。個人間感情制御に対する志向性には個人差があり，Williams et al. （2018）はそれを測定するツールとして，Interpersonal regulation Questionnaire （以下IRQとする）を開発した。本研究ではIRQ日本語版を作成し，その信頼性と妥当性を検討した。分析の結果，IRQ日本語版の因子構造は，原版同様，4因子構造であることが示された。またそれぞれの下位尺度は，十分な内的信頼性と再検査信頼性，ある程度の併存的妥当性を有していることが確認された。さらにIRQの下位尺度のうち2つは，情緒的ソーシャルサポートによる感情制御効果に寄与していることが示された。今後，IRQをソーシャルサポートの介入に活用していくことは，介入の効率化，及び効果の増大に貢献すると期待される。

世代継承性は元来中年期の心理社会的課題とされてきたが，近年は高齢期の課題としても注目されている。本研究は，高齢期の世代継承性を多元的かつ簡便に測定できる改訂版世代継承性尺度（以下，JGS-R）を作成し，その信頼性と妥当性を検討した。日本語版Generativity尺度（大場他，2013）をもとにJGS-Rの項目を作成し，都市部在住高齢者1,393名に質問紙調査を行った。探索的因子分析の結果，「世代継承的行動」，「世代継承的関心」，「世代継承的達成感」という3因子が抽出され，確認的因子分析により因子妥当性が確認された。この3因子をもとに作成した下位尺度は，いずれも高い内的整合性が認められた。さらに，JGS-Rの各下位尺度得点は他世代との会話頻度，他世代への手段的・情緒的サポートの提供頻度，および地域における子育て支援行動と正の相関関係にあり，このことから尺度の基準関連妥当性が認められた。

本研究では，アバター通信を用いたオンライン心理支援における，非言語コミュニケーションの豊富さと対面性の低さの役割を検討するために，比較実験を行った。実験参加者は，ほぼ全員が学生であった。実験1においては，22名のクライエント役が動くアバターと動かないアバターの2つの形式のアバター通信による心理面接を体験し，各面接を評価した。各面接の評価点の差をt検定で分析した結果，アバター通信を用いた心理支援における心理士の非言語コミュニケーションの豊富さの有効性が示唆された。実験2においては，24名のクライエント役がアバター通信とビデオ通話の2つの通信形式による心理面接を体験し，各面接を評価した。各面接の評価点の差をt検定で分析した結果，アバター通信を用いた心理支援における心理士の対面性の低さの有効性が示唆された。以上の実験結果から，オンライン心理支援におけるアバター通信の活用可能性が示唆された。

2×2達成目標モデルにおいて，課題要求の達成を目指す習得接近目標と，課題要求の達成失敗の回避を目指す習得回避目標は，行動指標のどのような側面に影響がみられるか明確でなかった。本研究の目的は，ウィスコンシンカード分類課題を用いて，習得回避目標の影響が，誤答後試行にのみ反応時間の遅延がみられるか明らかにすることであった。大学生および大学院生140名を対象に実験が実施された。達成目標は，教示によって習得回避目標，習得接近目標，遂行回避目標，統制の4条件が操作された。反応時間を従属変数とし，ex-Gaussian分布を仮定した一般化線形混合モデルによって，操作された達成目標と1試行前の正誤反応の及ぼす影響を検討した。その結果，習得回避目標条件においてのみ，1試行前が誤答だった場合に反応時間の遅れがみられ，習得接近目標条件，遂行目標条件および統制条件においてはこのような反応時間の遅れはみられなかった。

In recent years, with the widespread use of smartphones, many people have begun to take selfies and embellish them to be more attractive using smartphone applications. The present study examined the effects of embellishment of facial selfies on self-esteem and positive mood. Sixty-two university students participated in the experiment and were assigned to one of two conditions (embellishing condition or control condition). The participants took facial selfies, embellished them, and then measured their self-esteem and positive mood. The results showed that self-esteem increased more in the embellishing condition than in the control condition. The positive mood was slightly higher in the embellishing condition than in the control condition only for the group with high facial self-evaluation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics related to participation status in the Ibaraki Cohort Study and discuss ways to support the continuation of the survey. Although there were no significant differences in age or number of pregnant weeks among the registration group, dropout group, and continuation group, the results of binomial logistic analysis showed that the number of consulting partners were related to survey continuation (p<.10). It was suggested that connection with others was important for the continuation of the survey.

This research developed the Japanese version of the Regulatory Focus Questionnaire (RFQ-J). RFQ is based on regulatory focus theory that distinguishes between two types of self-control: Promotion focus and Prevention focus. Promotion focus emphasizes hopes and accomplishments, whereas prevention focus emphasizes safety and responsibility. 181 undergraduates completed RFQ-J, and scales for examinations of validity. The result of factor analysis showed RFQ-J has the same two-factor structure as the original. Internal consistency was adequate. The correlations between RFQ-J and the scales for validity were consistent with previous studies.

With the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), citizens have had to comply with the guidelines to prevent infection and the spread of COVID-19. However, not all citizens have been compliant with the guidelines. Based on Zitek and Schlund (2021), we hypothesized that people higher in psychological entitlement would report less compliance with the guidelines, and this relationship would be mediated by less concern for others. We conducted surveys in April 2021 whose results (n=250) supported these hypotheses.

This study aimed to develop a Japanese version of the Adult Disorganized Attachment (ADA) scale for romantic relationships. The target of the analyses was 183 college students who had experienced romantic relationships. The study found that (a) adult attachment disorganization measured by the ADA consisted of one component and had sufficient internal consistency, and (b) adult attachment disorganization had a unique influence on aggression and depression, in addition to the effect of attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance. Therefore, the Japanese version of the ADA demonstrated adequate psychometric properties of reliability and validity.

In the last decade, there has been increased interest in understanding how individuals monitor their memory for emotionally valenced information. Previous research has suggested that individual differences in remembering emotionally valenced information lead to different cues being used for monitoring. In this study, we examined whether depression level as an individual difference affects the monitoring of memory for emotional valence. The results showed that the high-dysphoria group rated the likelihood of recalling negative words higher than the low-dysphoria group did. In contrast, the low-dysphoria group rated positive words as more likely to be recalled later than neutral and negative words. Thus, depression was more sensitive to negative information during monitoring. This suggests that cognitive bias specific to depression also affects the monitoring of memory. Future research should further investigate the interaction between mood state and emotional valence of items.

We replicated the study by Horberg et al. (2009) with Japanese participants. Following their study procedures, we investigated the correspondence of the moral areas with emotions, specifically purity violations with disgust and justice violations with anger. The associations of political conservatism and Socioeconomic Status (SES) with disgust, respectively, were also tested. Unique to this replication study, we explored whether individuals’ motivation to communicate with others was stronger for justice violations than for purity violations. Most of the results were consistent with those of the original study. Our findings contribute to better understanding of the morality-emotion link.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between the use of online games and the helping behavior of university students. First, we divided online games into two types, cooperative and competitive. We then examined the relationship between whether online games were used and helping behavior and the relationship between the time spent playing online games and helping behavior. The survey was conducted among 134 students at a private university in the Kansai region. The results of multiple regression analysis showed no significant relationship between game use and helping behavior scores regardless of the type of online game. Analyses focusing on the game usage time showed that the longer the usage time of competitive games, the significantly lower the helping behavior scores were. Still, no such relationship was found for cooperative games. The game usage time significantly correlated with helping behavior, and the relationship between the game usage time and helping behavior differed depending on the type of game used.

It has been proposed that the hierarchical structure of personality contains a general factor, representing the shared variance of lower-order personality traits, such as the Big Five. This general factor of personality (GFP) reflects a mix of socially desirable traits. There is a scientific debate on whether the GFP mere arises due to measurement artifact (e.g., social desirability bias), or whether it is largely substantive. In the substantive view of the GFP, the factor is proposed to be mainly social effectiveness or resilience. In the present article we focus on advancements on GFP research in two applied areas, namely occupational behavior and clinical psychology. We discuss research showing that, in the work domain, the GFP positively relates to supervisor-rated and objective job performance, and leadership. In line with the social-effectiveness account, the GFP also is associated with more interest in social jobs. In the clinical domains, low GFP scores have shown to be related to a wide range of psychopathologies and difficulties in dealing with everyday life. In conclusion, we argue that the GFP may have significant theoretical and practical implications.