Ecological studies on the grassland vegetation were carried out in the southern parts of Hokkaido in the summer of 1960. These grasslands are distinguished by their habitats and physiognomy. They are classified into the following types according to their structure and dominant species. 1. Alt herbosa (Tall herbage)-Polygonum sachalinense type. 2. Upland meadow-Sasa type, Miscanthus type. 3. Low moor- Phragmites type. 4. Coastal meadow- Elymus mollis type. 5. Pasture grassland- Dactylis type. 6. Lowland meadow-Rudbeckia laciniata type. Also, these types, as above mentioned, may be expressed as follows according to the biological spectra. I tried to combine life forms of plants arranging in order RAUNKIAER's life form (1907), HORIKAWA and MIYAWAKI's growth form (1954), KUWABARA's leaf form (1960) and NUMATA's disseminule type (1947) in order to describe the biological spectra. In these forms, the methods of describing the growth form (shoot form and root form) and the leaf form are as follows. Polygonum sachalinense type ; G, Se, Lt, Rr, D_1 Sasa type ; G, Se-c, Lt, Rr, D_<4-5> Miscanthus type ; H, Se-c, Lt, Rr, D_<4-1> Phragmites type ; HH, Sc, Lt, Rr, D_<4-5> Elymus mollis type ; G, Sc, Lc, Rr, D_4 Dactylis type ; H, Sc-e, Lt, Rf-r, D_4 Rudbeckia laciniata type ; H, Se, Lt, Rr, D_4 The author revised a little, however, HORIKAWA's method of describing the growth form. Shoot form Se ; erect, Sb ; branched, Sc ; caespitose, Sp ; prostrate, St ; twining. Root form Rs ; straight root or straight rootstock, Rf ; fibrous or reticulate root, Rb ; branched root, Rr ; rhizome or stolon, B ; bulb and tuber. Leaf form La ; acerose, Ls ; succulent, Lc ; coriaceous, Lh ; hairy, Lt ; thin.
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