A bibliographic survey of the occurrence and distribution of C_4 plant speceis revealed that, of the 331 genera and 2281 species described, 79 genera and 243 species occurred in the Japanese archipelago (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Ryukyu and Ogasawara Islands). Approximately 81% of the C_4 species native to Japan consisted of graminoids (Cyperaceae and Poaceae). Among C_4 dicots, the numerical proportion of naturalized species to the total percent was 65%, while among C_4 monocots this value was 24%. C_4 monocot species, especially graminoids, showed a numerical decrease with an increase of latitude, whereas C_4 dicots showed no clear trend in relation to these factor, suggesting a difference in the response to climate factors between these two groups.
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