日本生態学会誌
Online ISSN : 2424-127X
Print ISSN : 0021-5007
ISSN-L : 0021-5007
38 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の20件中1~20を表示しています
  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    1988 年 38 巻 2 号 p. Cover1-
    発行日: 1988/08/31
    公開日: 2017/05/24
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  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    1988 年 38 巻 2 号 p. Cover2-
    発行日: 1988/08/31
    公開日: 2017/05/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    1988 年 38 巻 2 号 p. App1-
    発行日: 1988/08/31
    公開日: 2017/05/24
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  • 石川 慎吾
    原稿種別: 本文
    1988 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 73-84
    発行日: 1988/08/31
    公開日: 2017/05/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    The floodplain vegetation of the Ibi River, central Japan, was investigated from its source to its mouth. Four major vegetational areas which are developing on the floodplain were recognized : the mountain region, the alluvial fan, the natural levee region, and the deltaic plain. The habitat conditions of 12 main species growing on the river bed of the alluvial fan were elucidated in relation to the relative height above water level and the grain size distributions of sediments. The relative height and the mean grain size of the habitats dominated by these 12 main species were : Miscanthus sinensis & Pueraria lobata ; high-medium, coarse-fine, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigil ; high-medium, fine-medium, Lespedeza cuneata ; high-medium, coarse-fine, Anaphalis margaritacea subsp. yedoensis & Oenothera biennis ; medium, coarse, Artemisia princeps ; high-low, coarse-fine, Salix gracilistyla ; medium-low, coarse-medium, Salix gilgiana ; medium-low, medium-fine, Salix chaenomeloides ; low, medium-fine, Phragmites japonica ; low, coarse-fine, Polygonum hydropiper ; low, coarse-medium. The standard deviation and the kurtosis of sediments were available for the comparative study between stands having sim-ilar mean values of sediments.
  • 奥田 敏統, 中根 周歩
    原稿種別: 本文
    1988 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 85-97
    発行日: 1988/08/31
    公開日: 2017/05/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    An examination was made of the validity of Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) data (May 17,1985) for vegetation classification in the northwestern part of Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. The digital data (number) of four MSS bands were analyzed by the multi-level slice method, and classified into 8 units : evergreen broad-leaved forest (consisting of Castanopsis cuspidata and Cinnamomum camphora), pine forest (Pinus densiflora), plantation forest (Cryptomeria japonica, Chamaecyparis obtusa), deciduous broad-leaved forest (Fagus crenata, Carpinus laxiflora, C. tschonoskii, Quercus serrata), grassland (semi natural grassland, paddy and upland field), bare land, urban and residential area and open water (sea and river). The ground survey revealed the vegetation and land-use classification obtained by Landsat data to be 83% accurate. However, it was frequently observed that plantation forests located on slopes facing from south to cast were incorrectly classified as evergreen broad-leaved forests. These findings indicate that Landsat MSS data is valid for the vegetation classification at a physiognomical level, but requires some calibration of its digital data in relation to slope aspects.
  • 大畠 誠一
    原稿種別: 本文
    1988 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 99-110
    発行日: 1988/08/31
    公開日: 2017/05/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    The number or woody plant species in a unit plant community of various forest zones throughout the Japan archipelago were compared using previously accumulated data relating to temperature gradients, mainly by the Warmth Index (WI). The distribution pattern of species number against temperature gradient showed a humped shape, peaking at 85 /℃・month and near the boundary zone between evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous broad-leaved forest zones. Namely, tree species diversity was lower in the forest zones both below and above the boundary zone. Four ecological factors, i. e., the overlap effect in two forest zones of evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forests, the decrease of species in evergreen broad-leaved forest due to man, the effect of environmental diversity, and the effect of geographical history of the archipelago, were discussed in relation to the formation of this feature. Evidence indicated the most likely influential factor to be the temperature ascent during the isolation of the archipelago after the Ice Age.
  • 白井 洋一
    原稿種別: 本文
    1988 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 111-119
    発行日: 1988/08/31
    公開日: 2017/05/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    A population of Henosepilachna yasutomli feeding on the deadly nightshade, Scopolia japonica, was studied over a two-year period by mark-recapture of adults and construction and analysis of life tables. Overwintered adults appeared in mid-April and egg laying peaked in late May. The major mortality factors were cannibalism by adults and predation during the egg stage and food shortage and arthropod predation during the larval stages. The deadly nightshade withered between late June and early July and late instar larvae and newly emerged adults suffered from severe food shortage due to the lack of alternative food plants in the study area. Emergence of new adults began in early July and peaked in mid July. New adults seemed to enter diapause in August. The reproductive rate per generation (= the number of newly emerged females per overwintered female) was low, ranging from 0.1-0.6. The winter survival rate was high, and over 10% of marked adults overwintered twice. The demographic characteristics of H. yasutomi and the phenology of its host plant were compared with those of a closely related species thistle-feeding H. niponica.
  • 松村 正幸, 西村 伸郎, 西條 好廸
    原稿種別: 本文
    1988 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 121-133
    発行日: 1988/08/31
    公開日: 2017/05/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    Several studies have attempted to clarify the plant succession of fallowing paddy fields, Particularly in plain regions. Here, we investigated this subject with special reference to small-scale terrace paddies in mountainous regions. Sixteen sites differing in fallow duration and/or soil moisture conditions were examined, and temporal changes in vegetation were observed using biological spectra based on SDR_s. In dry fields, the secondary succession showed basically the same tendency as that in plain regions, although an exception was seen during an invasion of solidago altissima. In wet fields, secondary succession was more complicated than that in plain regions, and was accompanied by a great fluctuation in biological spectra. This is considered to reflect the extremely localized heterogenity of soil moisture conditions. The SDR of aquatic plants showed a relatively high percentage in wet fields, but was never dominant. In this case, the succession was characterized by the dynamics of annual Polygonum spp. and shallow-rooted perennials such as Oenanthe javanica, and by an absence of large rhizomatous geophytes such as Typha latiforia and Phragmites communis. The succession under study seemed likely to be affected by surrounding vegetation, including woody species, irrespective of soil moisture conditions.
  • 片桐 成夫
    原稿種別: 本文
    1988 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 135-145
    発行日: 1988/08/31
    公開日: 2017/05/24
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    Differences of nutrient accumulation and flows in a warm-temperate deciduous broad-leaved secondary forest situated on a slope are summarized. The composition of tree species changed from mesic to xeric on ascending the slope, with Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) dominant at the ridge. The amount of nutrient elements accumulated in above-ground biomass was greater at the upper part of the slope, reflecting the presence of Japanese red pine. The nutrient accumulation in mineral soil was larger at the lower slope, whereas that in the A_0 layer was larger at the upper slope. Therefore, at the lower slope, the nutrient accumulation in forest soil becomes concentrated to mineral soil, but to the A_0 layer at the upper part of the slope. The amounts of potentially available nutrient returned through litter-fall and supplied through rainfall to the forest floor were larger at the lower than the upper part of the slope, as were turnover rate of nutrient elements within the forest. This trend corresponded with the mean loss rate due to docom-position in the A_0 layer. The nutrient returned to the forest floor was more rapidly decomposed at the lower slope than at the upper slope.
  • 山中 三男, 菅原 啓, 石川 慎吾
    原稿種別: 本文
    1988 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 147-157
    発行日: 1988/08/31
    公開日: 2017/05/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    A historical study was made on the Abies mariesii (a subalpine conifer) forest found in and around the Sodekayachi moor located in the upper montane zone in the South Hakkoda Mountains, northeast Japan. Pollen analyses on the moor deposits revealed that the Fagus crenata (a representative cool temperate tree species) forest has become widely established in this area since the late Holocene. Abies mariesii first appeared there about 2,000 years ago, and its population has subsequently been gradually increasing. The reasons why Abies mariesii encroached on the montane zone, which is located far from its normal area of distribution, are not fully understood at present. Judging from the growth of Abies mariesii trees found between the subalpine and montane zones, we concluded that in the Hakkoda Mountains the climatic conditions of the montane zone are more favourable to the growth of Abies mariesii than are those of the subalpine zone.
  • 立原 一憲, 四宮 明彦, 木村 清朗, 今井 貞彦
    原稿種別: 本文
    1988 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 159-167
    発行日: 1988/08/31
    公開日: 2017/05/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    Observations on the development of aggressive behavior of Japanese perch, Coreoperca kawamebari, were made over a 1-year period. Newly hatched larvae aggregated at the water surface and showed no aggressive behavior. Several days after yolk sac absorption, larvae dispersed from the water surface to the substrate and began to feed and fight. Chasing and lateral displays as seen in adult fish were firstly observed at this time, and a dominance hierarchy was evident at 50 days after hatching. Dominant individuals formed their territories after 50 days and gradually enlarged them as body size increased. The behavioral ontogeny of this fish is divisible into four phases, i. e. aggregation, dispersion, developing of aggressive behavior and territorial phases, and these correspond with four different stages of growth, namely prelarva, postlarva, juvenile and young stages, respectively.
  • 中西 弘樹
    原稿種別: 本文
    1988 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 169-176
    発行日: 1988/08/31
    公開日: 2017/05/24
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    A total of 20 myrmecochorous plant genera and 19 seed-dispersing ant species were recorded from the warm-temperate zone of Japan. Of these plant genera, Akebia, Humulus and Lindera were newly found to be myrmecochorous. Akebia quinata, A. trifoliata and lindera citriodora, which had been regarded as mammal-or bird-dispersed species, seemed to be diplochorous, since their seeds contained in the faeces of mammals or birds were frequently observed being carried away by ants. The disseminule weight of the myrmecochorous species varied widely from 0.178mg (Corydalis racemosa) to 47.538mg (Akebia trifoliata), but was most frequently between 0.4mg and 2 mg. Unlike cool-temperate myrmecochores, which usually occur on the forest floor, warm-temperate myrmecochores were usually distributed in open or semiopen habitats such as at the forest margin, in cracks in stone walls, in grasslands and at the roadside. Seed dispersal occurred mostly from late spring to early summer, but occasionally took place even in autumn.
  • 沖津 進
    原稿種別: 本文
    1988 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 177-183
    発行日: 1988/08/31
    公開日: 2017/05/24
    ジャーナル フリー
    Annual fluctuations in stem elongation of Pinus pumila REGEL were compared among nine Japanese mountains from 1970 to 1984. On the basis of patterns or the annual fluctuation five mountain groups were recognized. The annual fluctuations tended to synchronize within each mountain group, but tended to vary among mountain groups. Although summer air temperature in the preceding year showed a slight correlation, no clear evidence was obatined which suggested that air temperature alone strongly influences stem elongation.
  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    1988 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 185-186
    発行日: 1988/08/31
    公開日: 2017/05/24
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  • 高村 健二
    原稿種別: Article
    1988 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 187-
    発行日: 1988/08/31
    公開日: 2017/05/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 嶋田 正和
    原稿種別: Article
    1988 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 187-189
    発行日: 1988/08/31
    公開日: 2017/05/24
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  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    1988 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 190-199
    発行日: 1988/08/31
    公開日: 2017/05/24
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  • 原稿種別: 付録等
    1988 年 38 巻 2 号 p. App2-
    発行日: 1988/08/31
    公開日: 2017/05/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    1988 年 38 巻 2 号 p. Cover3-
    発行日: 1988/08/31
    公開日: 2017/05/24
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    1988 年 38 巻 2 号 p. Cover4-
    発行日: 1988/08/31
    公開日: 2017/05/24
    ジャーナル フリー
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