JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN
Online ISSN : 1881-1299
Print ISSN : 0021-9592
Volume 17, Issue 4
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
  • TAKESHI KATAOKA, TADAAKI NISHIKI, KORETSUNE UEYAMA
    1984 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 351-355
    Published: August 20, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Distribution equilibria of mercury(II) between trioctylamine-hydrochloric acid salt in xylene and acidic solution containing high or low chloride ion concentrations were measured at 298 K.
    Mercury(II) is extracted as the complexes (RH)3HgCl5 ⋅H2O and (RH)HgCl3, which are formed respectively by the reactions of HgCl42- and HgCl3- with the amine salt, from aqueous solution with high chloride ion concentration. In the extraction from O.1 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid solution, it is considered that HgCl2 also reacts with the amine salt and then forms the complex (RH)2HgCl4⋅H2O. The formation constants for their respective reactions were determined.
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  • HAJIME UNNO, TAKASHI AKEHATA
    1984 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 356-362
    Published: August 20, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The flow patterns in continuous stirred-tank reactors of three types, i.e., of three different feed and outlet port configurations, were observed under conditions where the feed rate was less than 10% of the discharge flow rate from impeller by the particle follower technique, and these patterns were compared with those in the batch stirred tank. The feed flow affects the flow pattern near the feeding port, up- and down-flow along the wall opposite the feeding port, and the flow rotating along the wall in the reverse direction to that of impeller rotation. Since the local flow patterns induced by the feed flow were not appreciable throughout the whole volume of the tank, they did not affect remarkably the residence and circulation time densities. The variation coefficient of the circulation time density function had a negligible effect on the residence time density function.
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  • KEN-ICHI KIKUCHI, HIROSHI KONNO, SHUJI KAKUTANI, TAKUO SUGAWARA, HIROY ...
    1984 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 362-367
    Published: August 20, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Axial dispersion coefficients of liquid were measured for liquid fluidized beds in the low Reynolds number region by the residence-time-curve method. Particles used were polystyrene and glass beads of diameter from 239 to 1887 μm. The experimental results were successfully correlated by the following empirical equation:
    Ez/v= 500ε0.43 exp {- 20.5(0.75 - e)2}
    0.410<100, 8×10-5<ε<0.44
    where Ez is the axial dispersion coefficient, ε the kinematic viscosity of liquid, s the energy dissipation rate [m2/s3], e the void fraction and Re0 the particle Reynolds number based on superficial velocity. Most of the published correlations estimate too large values of the axial dispersion coefficient over the low Reynolds number region except in the case of glass beads of small diameter.
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  • KOZO KOIDE, KAZUYOSHI HORIBE, HIROKAZU KAWABATA, SHIGETAKA ITO
    1984 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 368-374
    Published: August 20, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The critical gas velocity required for complete suspension of solid particles was studied experimentally in a solid-suspended bubble column with a draught tube. It was shown that the critical gas velocity increases with increasing terminal velocity of a single particle, solid concentration, liquid surface tension, diameter of gas distributor and density difference between solid and liquid, and decreases with increasing column diameter and liquid viscosity.
    Based on these observations, an empirical equation for critical gas velocity is proposed that is applicable to columns with diameters of 0.1-0.3 m.
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  • KAZUO NIIDA, KATSUO SHIROKO, TOMIO UMEDA
    1984 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 375-381
    Published: August 20, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Presented is a method for fundamental analyses and heat integration of process systems at cryogenic temperature by using a heat availability diagram which is constructed by plotting a temperature function (1-T0/T) against heat load Q, based on available energy concept of thermodynamics. The function takes values between unity and minus infinity. By using the diagram, heat availability and available energy loss in a process system at cryogenic temperature are thoroughly analyzed, and the maximum theoretical rate of heat recovery is determined. A series of bottlenecks in heat recovery are sequentially found, and modified heat recovery systems are evolved.
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  • TAKESHI SAKO, TOSHIKATSU HAKUTA, HIROSHI YOSHITOME
    1984 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 381-388
    Published: August 20, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Vapor-liquid equilibria for the HC1-H2O, HCl-H2O-MgCl2 and HCl-H2O-CaCl2 systems were measured under atmospheric pressure. A new method is proposed to correlate the salt effect on vapor-liquid equilibrium for the volatile strong electrolyte-water system, and a comparison between experimental and calculated results is made for the HCl-H2O-salt and HNO3-H2O-salt systems. The new method is confirmed to be useful for correlating the salt effect on aqueous electrolyte solutions.
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  • AKIRA ITAYA, NOBUYUKI KATO, JIN YAMAMOTO, KEN-ICHI OKAMOTO
    1984 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 389-395
    Published: August 20, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Liquid-phase adsorption equilibria of phenol, p-chlorophenol and p-cresol for macroreticular polymeric adsorbents, Amberlite XAD-4 and XAD-7, were measured over a wide range of concentration at three temperatures from 273 to 323 K, in order to find an equation which correlates the equilibrium data best. Among the theoretical equations proposed previously in the literature, the equation of Jossens et al. derived thermodynamically on the basis of a heterogeneous surface adsorption theory was proved to be most satisfactory over the entire range of concentration. All conditions assumed in the derivation of the equation were found to be valid. An equation based on the vacancy solution theory gave a fairly good representation. The equations proposed by Okazaki et al. and Toth, respectively, were not applicable to the present cases. The equilibrium data were also correlated by an adsorption potential theory, which enables us to predict the adsorption isotherm at different temperatures.
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  • HEUNG CHUL PARK, YUKIO SAKAI, SHOICHI KIMURA, SETSUJI TONE, TSUTAO OTA ...
    1984 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 395-399
    Published: August 20, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Steam oxidation of porous reduced iron, prepared by hydrogen reduction of iron oxide sintered with inert silica, was carried out under conditions of temperature 460-700°C and steam partial pressure 0.002-0.02 MPa. The oxidation reaction could be represented by a two-stage reaction. In the first stage, iron is oxidized to magnetite. After the completion of the first-stage reaction, magnetite is slowly oxidized to hematite. In the first-stage oxidation reaction, which is the main reaction to produce hydrogen, the initial activity of solid material did not change in the reduction-oxidation cyclic operation. The initial conversion rate could be represented by a Langmuir-Hinshelwood type equation containing the adsorption term of water vapor.
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  • HITOSHI KOSUGE, KOICHI ASANO
    1984 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 400-405
    Published: August 20, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A theoretical approach to separation performance of ternary distillation by a wetted-wall column is taken with due consideration to the effect of simultaneous heat and mass transfer.
    A new method for prediction of separation performance of ternary distillation is proposed by use of theoretical solutions of the Graetz-Nusselt problem. Predicted axial distributions of liquid concentrations, reflux flow rates and temperatures in the column show good agreement with experimental data.
    Distillation paths are sensitive to the amount of vapor partially condensed in the column but less sensitive to vapor flow rates and column lengths.
    Distillation paths predicted by the present method show good agreement with the data for various ternary systems over wide ranges of operating conditions.
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  • SATORU TAKAMATSU, KIYOKAZU YAMASHITA
    1984 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 406-410
    Published: August 20, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This article describes an efficient production method for L-aspartic acid using aspartase activity of immobilized Escherichia coli cells.
    The method was examined by use of a rate equation for the aspartase reaction derived on the basis of a one-substrate, one-product mechanism of enzyme reaction. It was found that the reaction temperature must be decreased with the progress of the reaction to obtain higher conversion efficiently near the end of the reaction. In addition, the productivity of L-aspartic acid was found to be increased with an increase in input substrate concentration.
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  • ISAO KOMASAWA, TSUTAO OTAKE, YOSHIMI OGAWA
    1984 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 410-417
    Published: August 20, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effect of the diluent in the extraction of Co, Ni and Na from nitrate media with di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) and 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (EHPNA) was studied, using non-polar hydrocarbons and polar solvents with different electron-donor strength as diluents. The effect caused by the diluent-extractant interaction was found to be relatively weak, owing to the great tendency toward self-association of the extractant. With the higher alcohols as diluent, however, the diluent can coordinate with the extracted metal complex in the Co/HDEHP system. Furthermore, it substitutes for the neutral extractant molecule in the nickel complex. This substitution and the stabilization of the associated water molecules by the alcohol diluent enhances nickel extraction, achieving the same performance as in cobalt extraction. Successively larger aggregated metal complexes appear in all diluents tested, to differing extent depending on the nature of the diluent. Equilibrium formulations were determined for various combinations of metal and diluent.
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  • ISAO KOMASAWA, TSUTAO OTAKE
    1984 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 417-423
    Published: August 20, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A practical study was carried out to determine the optimal operating conditions for the separation of cobalt from nickel. With non-polar solvents as diluents, no problem associated with the viscosity of the organic phase and the interfacial tension arises so long as the loading ratio of the organic phase is maintained less than 0.8. A cobalt solution containing a nickel contamination of less than 0.005% was obtained, using single-stage extraction followed by single scrubbing. The addition of 10 % 2-ethylhexyl alcohol results in serious lowering of the separation factor, although it has the advantage of preventing third-phase formation during the conversion of the extractant to its sodium salt. The alkali metal hydroxide equivalent to the amount of metal to be extracted is required in the extraction. As a prospective process, a continuous extraction was carried out satisfactorily in which sodium hydroxide solution was fed into the stage together with the acid form of the extractant diluted in xylene and the aqueous feed stream.
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  • HIRONOBU KUBOTA, KUNIHIKO SHIMIZU, YOSHIYUKI TANAKA, TADASHI MAKITA
    1984 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 423-429
    Published: August 20, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The objective of this investigation was to obtain basic data which are necessary to develop a new hydrate process for desalination of sea water.
    Three new hydrating agents, R13 (CC1F3), R23 (CHF3) and R152a (C2H4F2), and propane were selected. The pressure-temperature phase diagrams of each agent for pure water and aqueous NaCl solution were determined in the temperature range from 260 to 295 K and pressures up to 4.4 MPa.
    Based on the pressure-temperature data obtained, the necessary thermodynamic data, such as hydrate decomposition conditions, invariant points, heat of formation, and hydrate composition were determined.
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  • YASUO KATO, TOKIHIRO KAGO, SHIGEHARU MOROOKA
    1984 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 429-435
    Published: August 20, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The longitudinal concentration distribution of droplets dispersed in multi-stage bubble columns was analyzed by the one-dimensional dispersion model with an effective slip velocity of droplets. The variables of the model-mean gas holdup, longitudinal dispersion coefficient of droplet phase and droplet concentration at the top of the column in 4- and 8-stage bubble columns of 6.6 and 12.2 cm i.d.-were measured and correlated. The effective slip velocity was determined by comparing observed mean droplet concentrations with theoretical ones and was correlated in an experimental equation. The concentration distributions of droplets calculated with the above parameters are in good agreement with the observed ones. Mean droplet diameter was also correlated as a function of gas velocity, total liquid velocity and free area of horizontal baffle plates.
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  • MASAAKI SUZUKI, ROBERT YOUNG, EMIL PFENDER
    1984 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 436-438
    Published: August 20, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • KEN-ICHI KIKUCHI, HIROSHI KONNO, TAKUO SUGAWARA, HIROYASU OHASHI
    1984 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 438-440
    Published: August 20, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
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  • MASASHI MITANI
    1984 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 441-443
    Published: August 20, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • MASAO IMAEDA
    1984 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 443-445
    Published: August 20, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
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  • ATSUSHI ENDO, NOBORU SUZUKI, SHINJI HAGIWARA, MITSUHIKO UMEMURA, HIROS ...
    1984 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 446-449
    Published: August 20, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • KAZUSHI TAN, SUMITOSHI OGATA
    1984 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 449-451
    Published: August 20, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
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  • SHIGEO GOTO, HITOKI MATSUDA, YOSHITSUGU NAKAMURA
    1984 Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 451-453
    Published: August 20, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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