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62 巻, 9 号
選択された号の論文の8件中1～8を表示しています
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頼実 正弘1983 年 62 巻 9 号 p. 727
発行日: 1983/09/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (218K) -
藤元 薫, 功刀 泰碩1983 年 62 巻 9 号 p. 728-744
発行日: 1983/09/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーThe study of slurry phase Fischer-Tropsch synthesis which is operated by introducing synthesis gas into the suspension of fine powdery catalyst in heavy oil was begun in Germany during World War II. After the war, investigations were coducted in West Germany, in England, in the United States and in Japan to prove the excellence of the process.
The slurry process which utilizes precipitated iron catalyst is characterized by the flexibility with which it can process CO rich gas with CO/H2 ratio up to 0.9 to give naphtha, middle distillates or heavy oils as the major products. The change in product pattern is achieved by only regulating catalyst composition and reaction temperature. The processing of CO rich gas in the slurry reactor is not only suitable for utilizing the product gas from the second generation coal gasifiers but also favorable for highly efficient F-T process. It is pointed out that the slurry process should be aimed at diesel fuel production because of the chemical character of products. The low productivity of slurry reactor is expected to be overcome by adopting some new technologies.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2334K) -
神谷 是行, 永田 勝也1983 年 62 巻 9 号 p. 745-754
発行日: 1983/09/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーIn order to clear the factor to affect chemi-ionization in a flame, the relation between combustion conditions and ion yielding rate are studied and the position where ionization occurs in a flame is investigated macroscopically in this paper.
Experiment are carried out in one dimensional atmospheric and low pressure propane premixed flat flames. Flame temperatures, ion concentrations or saturation currents are measured in atmospheric and low pressure flame under various combustion conditions.
The following results are obtained in this experiment.
1) The ionization temperature is introduced in order to account for various experimental results.
2) The experimental equation concerning ionization of adiabatic flames is expressed in Arrhenius' form by the equivalence ratio and the ionization temperature . The term of activation energy in this equation does not change with the equivalence ratio.
3) The relation between the equivalence ratio and the temperature rising ratio to the maximum flame temperature at the position where ionization is affected is inferred in the atmospheric pressure flame and it is proved in low pressure flame.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1168K) -
三木 康朗, 杉本 義一1983 年 62 巻 9 号 p. 755-761
発行日: 1983/09/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーThe relation between the nature of solvent and the extent of coal liquefaction has been studied by using liquid product as a recycle solvent. The whole product was separated into liquid and solid fraction by centrifugation and a part of the liquid fraction was used as a solvent for a continuous reaction. 80g of Taiheiyo-Coal, 100g of solvent and 5g of nickel-molybdenum-alumina catalyst were put into a 500ml stainless steel autoclave and were heated at 400°C for 1hr under hydrogen pressure. The total pressure was maintained at 250 kg/cm2 by means of introducing hydrogen gas through a pressure controller during the reaction. A hydrogenated anthracene oil was used as a starting solvent.
The coal conversion decreased gradually and the contents of asphaltene and preasphaltene in product oil increased during the passes, while the yield of liquid fraction by centrifugation decreased rather rapidly. The H/C values of asphaltene and preasphaltene were decreased during the passes, which indicate that an increase of heavy fractions in the recycle solvent causes a decrease of the catalytic activity for hydrogenation. The composition of distillate fraction has been analysed by means of gas chromatograph. Three-ring condenced-aromatics or more decreased and straightchain paraffins increased during the passes. The concentration of straight-chain paraffins in distillate fraction was reached about 30 wt% after five passes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (882K) -
乾 智行, 音羽 利郎, 川田 道男, 武上 善信1983 年 62 巻 9 号 p. 762-768
発行日: 1983/09/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーComposite catalysts composed of iron group metals, rare eath oxides and noble metals were previously found to be active for the direct reduction of NO with active carbon as the catalyst support. In this paper, we inspected the catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 on the same catalyst system.
An ordinary flow reaction apparatus was used at atmospheric pressure. The reaction gas containing 1.4% of NO and 4.0% of NH3 was allowed to flow through a 70 mg portion of the catalyst under the condition of a 37, 000 hourly space velocity.
Among various composite catalysts, 5.0% Co-2.7% La2O3-0.70% Pt catalyst showed the best performance, on which NO was completely converted at 270°C. Synergistic effect of each component was commonly observed in the composite catalysts. This reaction was extensively studied for higher space velocity up to 320, 000h-1 which was achieved by varying the amount of catalyst under the constant flow condition. The higher limit of space velocity for complete NO conversion; (SV) c was expressed as the function of the reaction temperature (T) as follows;
(SV) c=10 (0.023T-1.3) (SV≤105h-1)
(SV) c=2.1×103T-4.8×105 (SV≥105h-1)
T=°C
Kinetic analysis of this reaction showed that the reaction proceeded by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. This reaction was also enhanced by oxygen, and 100% of NO conversion was obtained at 190°C for the same catalyst.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (843K) -
藤元 薫, 福田 政一, 豊吉 誠治1983 年 62 巻 9 号 p. 769-774
発行日: 1983/09/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーCyclohexane and other alkyl cyclohexanes were dehydrogenated selectively to benzene and alkyl benzenes with active carbon catalysts which supported metals such as vanadium, thorium, copper, cobalt and nickel on it. While metals such as copper, cobalt and nickel lost their original activity almost completely by being sulfided by H2S, they exhibited excellent activities and selectivities when supported on active carbon. Especially, sulfided nickel (Ni (s)) on active carbon showed the best capability as the catalyst. The catalytic activity of Ni (s) on active carbon for cyclohexane dehydrogenation increased with increasing metal content in the catalyst up to 5 wt%. However, above the limit the activity was independent of the metal loadings. The reaction mechanism was explained by the “reverse spillover” mechanism, which comprises the transfer of hydrogen atoms from feed hydrocarbons to carbon surface, the migration of hydrogen atoms from carbon surface to metal or metal sulfide particles on it and the recombination of hydrogen atoms to hydrogen molecules to desorb into gas phase.
The reactivity of mono-alkyl cyclohexane increased with the increase in the molecular weight of them, suggesting the role of van der Waals force in the adsorption of reactant onto active carbon.
The reaction of hydrocarbon mixture which comprises normal hexane and methyl cyclohexane revealed that the dehydrogenation of normal hexane was suppressed markedly while that of methyl cyclohexane was not. The phenomenon are interpreted by that the active sites on carbon are covered by hydrogen from methyl cyclohexane.
It was emphasized by the authors that the present sulfur tolerant catalysts (sulfided metal-active carbon) are favored for reforming coal derived naphtha which containes organo sulfur- and organo nitrogeno- compounds in high concentrations and thus is unsuitable for being treated with the conventional reforming catalysts.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (740K) -
中田 善徳, 上田 成, 前河 涌典, 石黒 直二, 伊藤 博徳, 武谷 愿1983 年 62 巻 9 号 p. 775-778
発行日: 1983/09/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーIn order to make a quantitative investigation on the hydrogenolysis reactivity of high rank coal. The kinetics of the catalytic hydrogenolysis of Australian coal and two Japanese coals has been studied using a batch autoclave. The reaction rates were measured at 400°C and 450°C under high pressure of hydrogen.
The rate constants decreased with the increase in the rank of coal. Although the hydrogenolysis of Japanese coal consisted of two steps, the high rank Australian coal proceeded as one step.It was considered that this phenomenon was due to the relatively homogeneous structure of the high rank coal.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (359K) -
宮沢 誠, 吉田 諒一, 前河 涌典1983 年 62 巻 9 号 p. 779-782
発行日: 1983/09/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーOn the characterization of coal-derived liquids, some methods such as 1H-NMR, Mass Spectroscopy and Liquid Chromatography have been used. However, these methods have some drawbacks in chemical structure type analysis, for example comsuming time and difficulties for quantitative measurement. TLC/FID method, which combines Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Flame Ionization Detector (FID), is used for the type analysis of coal-derived liquids as a method for improving the drawbacks mentioned above.
In this review, the principle and technique of TLC/FID method are summarily described. Moreover, studies applied to coal-derived liquids are reviewed. In these studies developing conditions in TLC were examined and the accuracy of quantification was examined by comparing with SARA method or solvent separation method. The reactivities for liquefaction of coals and catalytic activities of iron-sulphur system were also discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (508K)
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