Vaginal smear preparations from normally or abnormally pregnant women were stained by Papanicolaou's technique and examined microscopically. The results obtained are summarized as follows:
1) In normal pregnan cy the smear pattern was inconstant during the first three months. After the fourth month of pregnancy the vaginal smear was characterized by a great preponderance of intermediate cells, presence of a considerable number of navicular cells, curling of the cytoplasm and clumping of cells.
2) Near the end of term, the smear lost th e above-mentioned characteristics and superficial cells increased in number. Since this change of smear pattern was closely related to the onset of parturition, the prediction of labor became possible by the examination of smears. The smear pattern had also an intimate bearing on the success of labor induction.
3) Patie nts with threatened abortion caused by endocrine disorders showed an abnormal smear pattern with a decrease in the number of intermediate cells, especially of navicular cells, an increase in the number of superficial cells and less clumping of cells. In every case treated effectively, the smear pattern returned to normal.
4) Smear patterns in ectopic pregnancy were classifiedi into the following three types.
a. Early estrogenic pattern
b. Threatened abortion pattern
c. Normal pregnancy pat tern
The difference in pattern seemed to be related to the time after the abortion rather than to the site of implantation.
5) During the puerperal period, cells in the vaginal smear showed an atrophic picture due to a drastic decrease of hormones. The smear was characterized by the appearance of parabasal cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm. Duration of the period with the atrophic figure was longer in breast feeding mothers than in bottle feeding ones.
6) Measurements of estrogen in the urine during pregnancy revealed that it was excreted in an increasing amount up to the end of term. In cases of abnormal pregnancy the estrogen level was kept low.

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Vol. 24 (1972) No. 3 p. 255-393

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Vol. 23 (1971) No. 4 p. 488-574

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The mode of actions of trimetazidine,1- (2,3,4-trimethoxybenzyl) - piperazine dihydrochloride, was pharmacologically investigated on isolated guinea-pig atria in a Locke's solution saturated with oxygen at 30°C, and the following results were obtained:
1) Trimetazidine could scarcely influence on the spontaneous contractions of atria in lower concentrations than 10^-4g/ml.
2) Trimetazidine could show an antagonistic effect against nicotine in higher concentrations than 10-5g/ml.
3) Trimetazid ine in any concentration could scarcely influence on the effect of adrenaline, acetylcholine or tyramine added in a Locke's solution.
4) The time required for the arrest of atria in a potas sium free Locke's solution was significantly prolonged in the presence of trimetazidine 10^-4g/ml. Noticable changes in potassium and sodium contents of atria induced by a potassium free Locke's solution were reduced in the presence of trimetazidine 10^-4g/ml.
5) The arrest of atrial contractions, induced by lowering the temperature of a Locke's solution from 30°C to 20°C, was prevented by trimetazidine 10^-5g/ml, which was added to the medium 15 minutes before the change of temperature.
6) Arrhythmic contractions of atria, induced by the elec trical stimulation at 3 to 5volts,5 msec. in duration and 120 cycles per minute, were fairly suppressed by trimeta zidine 10^-5g/ml which was added 15 minutes before the stimulation.
7) Trimetazidine could prolong the refractory period of atrial muscle. The effect appeared in a concentration of 10^-5g/ml in which the contractile tension of atrium was scarcely depressed by the drug.
From these experimental results, it was assumed to be clarified that trimetazidine may have effects to stabilize the atrial cell membrane and to prevent the abnormal loss of potassium ions in atria.

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1) 348 eyes of 319 patients(1.49% of all the patients) of Retinitis centralis which were observed between March 1968 and September 1971 at the Kansai Medical School Hospital, were studied statistically.
Male patients showed definitely high incidence of 80.3%.
Right eyes seemd to be more affected.
The visual acuity is generally good, and is over 0.7 in 65.3% male patients and in 67.3% female.
In the male patients, high incidence of the disease was seen in the age of 35-44 years, but in the female no tendency was observed.
Monthly variation in incidence was observed, but no variation in the seasons.
2) Fluorescein angiography was performed in 322 eyes, in which 292 showed abnormalities.
The pattern was as followes:
A. roundly enlarged type
B. upward diffusion type
C. congregation type
Type A is observ ed in 72.5%and type B in 18.2%.
More than 2 leakage dots were seen in 16% and their combination pattern is often in type A only, or in type Awith B, or in type A with C.
As to leakage, type A was frequently observed in up per-nasal area of the macula, and type B and C were distributed equally.
3) 179 Cases (197 eyes) were treated by photocoagulation and follow-up was made of 149 eyes.
In 66.5% of eyes, retinal detachment disappeared within 3 weeks after photocoagulation and the patients showed remarkable improvment in their visual acuities within 5 weeks.
The upward diffusion type showed less improvement in visual acuities than the roundly enlarged type and much period of time is required to be improved.

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Bone marrow studies on 53 premature infants as to the total numbers of nucleated cells and megakaryocytes, and as to the pictures of the bone marrow and megakaryocytes yielded the following results:
1) The number of nucleated cells showed a temporary decrease followed by a gradual increase during the first three days of life. This total increase in nucleated cells was particularly obvious after the fourth week of life.
2) The myeloid cells, forming 52-62% of the bone marrow cells, were greater in number than the lymphoid cells during the first three weeks of life. The myeloid and lymphoid cells numerically intersected at about the fourth week, after time the lymphoid cells became numerically greater to form 55-60% of the bone marrow cells.
3) The monocytes showed no significant percentage changes durin g the first two months of life, but the absolute number of monocytes increased after the third week of life in correlation with the total number of nucleated cells.
4) Myeloblasts comprised 2.5-4.0% of the bone mar row cells during the first week and decreased gradually to 1.0-2.0% at the fourth week.
5) Promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes, a n d neutrophilic granulocytes decreased in percentage by the fourth week of life.
6) By means of the formula, A= myeloblasts+promyelocytes + myelocytes+metamyelocytes/band granulocytes + segmented granulocytes it could be clearly seen that the myeloid cells in the bone marrw of premature infants showed relatively high values until the fourth week of life.
7) The ratio of myeloid cells to erythroid cells Bmyeloid cells erythroid cells B=myeloid cells/erythroid cells was highest on the tourth day of life (5.4). Generally speaking, erythropiesis was rather hypoplastic, and the average value of B was observed to be 27.3%.
8) Megakaryocytopenia could not be noticed during the first two weeks, but an impeded maturation of the megakaryocytes was recognized.0-type megakaryocytes without thrombocytes were greater in number up to the second week. The number of megakaryocytes rapidly increased after the third week followed by megakaryocytic maturation. The numbers of megakaryocytes with thrombocytes and megakaryocytes without thrombocytes became equal at the third week of life, and after the fourth week, those without thrombocytes became again greater in number. From the above mentioned results, it was concluded that megakaryocytic development is premature in the neonates, especially so in the premature infants.

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By means of agar electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis, the serum proteins of the bone marrow and the blood were studied simultaneously in 58 premature infants and the following results were obtained:
1) The total protein level was always much higher in the bone marrow sera than in the peripheral blood sera, and the total protein levels in both sera increased in proportion to infant growth after birth, the difference between these levels tending to grow greater.
2) The ratio of albumin to globulin in the bone marrow sera diminished due to an increase of globulin content during infant growth.
3) By means of immuno-electrophoresis, it was found that IgG appeared earlier in the bone marrow sera than in the peripheral blood sera, The line of IgG precipitation became steadily more intense up to the 74 the day of life.
4) α ₂-and β-glycoprotem, a α₂-and β-lipoprotein, hemopexin, IgA, and IgM, were also seen to appear earlier and more densely in the bone marrow sera than in the peripheral blood sera.
These results indicate that the production of serum proteins, especially of the immunoglobulins, first takes place in the bone marrow, and that the lymphoid cell system in the bone marrow of premature infant is more active than that elsewhere in exhibiting specific defense mechanisms in early life.

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The influences of the semisynthetic diets containing either corn oil or coconut oil at high percentage upon the mammary carcinogenesis with DMBA were investigated in the intact, young adult female Sprague-Dawley rats. Experimental rats were maintained on a control diet, CMF type of the pellet supplied by Oriental Yeast Co., except the period of special feeding. The control diet contained 8 % fat, and the high fat diet was almost isocaloric although it contained 20% fat. In the first experiment, the special feeding of 2 different high fat diets was done either in the age of 35-65 days for initiation stage of tumorigenesis or in the age of 89-149 days for promotion stage of the tumor growth, and the rats were injected intravenously with 3 mg of DMBA at the age of 56 and 59 days. In the second experiment for the initiation stage, the special feeding was done in the age of 45-75 days and DMBA was injected at the age of 66 and 69days. The rats were observed 3 months after the last injection of the carcinogen. The time of appearance of the first palpable tumor was dated from the first injection of DMBA. Mammary cancers, verified by histological examinations, were counted in the gross at necropsy. Total mammary cancers per an animal were weighed on a balance.
Generally, the mammary carcinogenesis could be accerelated more or less by the high fat diets. Especially, the semisynthetic diet containing 20 % corn oil enhanced the development of the mammary cancer by DMBA, and the effect would be exerted mainly at the promotion stage. Coconut oil, presumely providing the animals with a comparably equal energy as that of corn oil, could not exert the same enhancing influence. This phenomenon lends also support to the suggestion that the effect of dietary lipids upon the certain tumorigenesis is not merely a product of an increased caloric intake.
Small pieces of the abdominal mammary fatty pads were resected at the t ime of DMBA administration and of sacrifice, from which lipids were extracted 3 times with a mixture of chloroform and methanol. The lipids extracted were metanolized and analyzed by gasliquid chromatography. The fatty acid composition of some induced mammary tumors by DMBA and of 3 different semisynthetic diets were also determined. The fatty acid compositions of the mammary fatty pads and of the induced tumors were different from each others in the 3 different diet groups, reflecting their fat intakes. DMBA mammary carcinogenesis would be related to the nature as well as the amount of dietary fat of the hosts.

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