The age-distribution and the birth or der have been investigated on 1,207 schizophrenics and on 270 patients of schizo-affective psychosis. At the same time,1,156 patients of psychogenic disorder were investigated for the aim of the comparison.
1) Similarity was recognized in the age-distribution graph between schizophrenia and schizo-affective psychosis. But these psychoses seemed different from psychogenic disorders (mostly neurotics) in the age-distribution. In schizophrenia, excess of male patients over female patients was conspicuous before thirty but vice versa after thirty. So it seemed that the onset in female schizophrenics was somewhat later than in males. The incidence of schizophrenia was most frequently observed in ages 20-24 in both sexes.
In schizo-affective psychosis, excess of female patients over male patients was recognized in every age-section and the male-female ratio was approximately 1: 3. The onsets were also most frequently distributed in ages 20-24, but this was more prominent in male patients.
2) As to the birth order, schizophrenia seemed to indicate abnormal distribution in contrast to psychogenic disorders, and scbizo-affective psychosis seemed to be situated between the two. In addition, we were impressed that abnormal distribution of the birth order was quite apparent only in male patients of schizophrenia.

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1. During stimulation of the mesen c ephalic reticular formation (MRF), temporary decreases in carotid, vertebral and cortical blood flow were observed on rather many occasions. Such decreases were found to be closely related with the hippocampal theta rhythm activity, while increases in blood flow during MRF stimulation were closely related with the hippocampal desynchronization.
2. When intracranial pressu re increased, EEG pattern of the hippocampus during MRF stimulation changed from theta rhythm activity to desynchronization, accompanied by a change in the carotid blood flow from decrease to increase.3
Decrease in carotid blood flow during MRF stimul ation changed to increase due to an incision of the cervita.1 sympathetic nerve (CSN), and this increase in blood flow was reduced following the administration of atropine. Furthermore, the interpeduncular nucleus had a relation with the changes in carotid blood flow due to MRF stimulation.
4. Carotid blood flow in the presence of recruiting response and spike and wave remained almost unchanged.
5. When after-d ischarge due to stimulation of the hippocampus involved the cerebral cortex, carotid blood flow generally increased.
6. Stimulation of the amygdala, which did not induce the muscular discharge, produced no changes in carotid blood flow.
7. There were cases with both inc rease and decrease in femoral blood flow during MRF stimulation. The sites of stimulation which caused decrease concentrated on the center of the reticular formation of P.8 according to Sawyer's, atlas.
8. Pentobarbital inhibited the changes in carotid and femoral blood flow due to MRF stimulation, and it increased the femoral blood flow.
9. Number of the cases of the muscular disch arge increased following the administration of metrazol, at which time, carotid and femoral blood flow increased. An outline of the present results was reported at the 9th International Congress of EEG and Clinical Neurophysiology, at the 7th Japanese Congress of EEG and EMG, at the 54th Japanese Congress of Physiology and at the 53rd Japanese Congress of Physiology.
The auther wishes to express his thanks to Prof. M. Yasuhara for valuable advice and strong encouragement during the course of the present study. Thanks are also tendered to Associate Prof. H. Naito for her earnest guidance and to colleagues for many helpful discussions.

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Ceroid-positive Epon-embedded sections from mouse liver in the chronic carbon tetrachloride intoxication were in the electron microscope observed using the HIO₄-Cr-PTA staining (the Rambourg-Roland technique).
The results that ceroid granu les stain with the same technique demonstrating no lipids suggest that their ground substance inclusive of the limiting membrane mainly consists of glycoprotein. Besides, the specificity of the HIO₄-Cr-PTA stain used as a specific electron stain for complex carbohydrates is discussed.

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