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Volume 72, Issue 1
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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Gustavo de Carvalho Pugliesi, Sérgio Faloni de Andrade, Jairo K ...2007 Volume 72 Issue 1 Pages 1-6
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: September 15, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe clastogenic effect of the A. populnea leaves extract was tested in vivo on bone marrow cells of Wistar rats by evaluating the induction of chromosome aberrations and micronuclei induction on polychromatic erythrocytes. The extract was administered by gavage at doses of 300, 600 and 900 mg/kg body weight. Experimental and control animals were submitted to euthanasia 24 h after the treatment. Under the conditions used, A. populnea leaves extract did not induce decrease in mitotic index and did not induce a statistically significant increase in the mean number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes or chromosome aberrations in the bone marrow cells of Wistar rats.View full abstractDownload PDF (199K) -
Soheir M. Amer, Fawzia A. E. Aly, Aziza A. E. Ibrahim, Ayman A. Fargha ...2007 Volume 72 Issue 1 Pages 7-15
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: September 15, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe cytogenetic effect of the herbicide alachlor was determined in cultured mouse spleen cells in vitro and in mouse somatic and germ cells in vivo. A dose dependent increase of chromosomal aberrations was observed in cultured mouse spleen cells after treatment with the concentrations 10−7–10−4 M alachlor/ml medium.
Mice were orally treated by gavage with the doses 10, 20 and 30 mg kg−1 b.wt. for 1,3 and 5 consecutive days. The induced chromosome aberrations increased in bone-marrow cells and spermatocytes as the dose and number of treatments with alachlor increased. Oral treatment with the doses 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg kg−1 b.wt. induced a dose-dependent increase in the frequency of SCE's in bone-marrow cells. Only the highest tested dose of the herbicide affected sperm shape abnormalities (p<0.01).
The results of the present study reveal the genotoxicity of alachlor in the different mouse cells analyzed. This has to be taken in consideration when using this herbicide in agriculture.View full abstractDownload PDF (224K) -
Neeti Chhibber, Namrata Sharma, Susheel Verma2007 Volume 72 Issue 1 Pages 17-21
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: September 15, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe present investigation summarises breeding and meiotic behaviour of normal and an asynaptic mutant of variety KL-1 of Capsicum annuum L. Morphological and pollination experiments reveal this variety to be dependent on insects for successful fruit set. Sixtysix percent fruit was set on open pollination. Asynaptic mutant isolated in this variety resembled the normal plants in plant and floral morphology, but did not set any fruit both on open pollination or when allowed to autoself. This lack of fruit set has been attributed to asynapsis induced sterility both in female and male tracks.View full abstractDownload PDF (391K) -
Girjesh Kumar, Priyanka Rai2007 Volume 72 Issue 1 Pages 23-27
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: September 15, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSWhile working on colchiploidy in Glycine max, asynaptic variations was observed in the C2 generation. The cytology and meiotic behaviour of this asynaptic tetraploid was studied. High and variable number of univalents were observed in this plant at diakinesis and metaphase I stage. In some of the PMCs 80 univalents could also be observed at diakinesis stage. The main and distinctive characteristic of the variant was the inability of the univalent chromosomes to congregate at the equatorial plate, so that typical figures of metaphase I were never observed. The stages were hardly distinguishable and these were only identified on the basis of increase in chromosome number due to sister chromatid separation at anaphase II. Because of this abnormal meiotic behaviour aberrated tetrads were formed that gave rise to sterile pollen grains and pods were not formed. Some extrinsic or intrinsic agent might have acted on some genes responsible for synapsis and chiasma formation and resulted in complete disruption of chiasma assembly. Synaptic aberrations are potentially important source of information on the chiasma maintenance mechanism especially in a case when the system under study is an induced autotetraploid.View full abstractDownload PDF (327K) -
Souria M. Donya, Entessar E. Hassan2007 Volume 72 Issue 1 Pages 29-36
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: September 15, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSSalicylanilide (Closantel) and halogenated phenol (Nitroxynil) have been reported to be an active fasciolocidal agents used in human and in farm animals. The clastogenic effects of Closantel at 5, 10, 15, 20 mg kg−1 b.wt. and Nitroxynil at 10, 20, 30, 40 mg kg−1 b.wt. were tested in mice somatic and germ cells through 3 cytogenetic parameters. Chromosomal aberrations, sister-chromatid exchanges and sperm-shape abnormalities. The results demonstrated that, after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injector with a single doses for 24 h. Closantel and Nitroxynil induced different types of structural chromosomal aberrations in bone-marrow cells which increased significantly with different doses. The frequencies of SCEs were increased significantly with Closantel compared to Nitroxynil induced non-significant frequencies of SCEs except at high dose (40 mg kg−1 b.wt.). The percentage of chromosomal aberrations in diakinesis-metaphase I spermatocytes increased in a dose dependent manner and were found to be statistically significant with the 2 drugs. The 2 fasciolicides induced a signifycant percentage of sperm-shape abnormalities. The highest doses induced 12.74±0.49 and 7.02±0.13 (p<0.01) for closantel and nitroxynil respectively, compared to the control. In conclusion, the 3 cytogenetic parameters used to evaluate the effect of Closantel and Nitroxynil revealed that the 2 fasciolicides have a clastogenic effect on mice somatic and germ cells in vivo studies.View full abstractDownload PDF (241K) -
Katsuya Nagano, Hideyuki Matoba, Kouhei Yonemura, Yasushi Matsuda, Tat ...2007 Volume 72 Issue 1 Pages 37-42
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: September 15, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDetailed karyotypes and the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using 5S and 18S rDNA probes was applied to 3 species of the genus Juniperus. The number of chromosomes of J. chinensis var. sargentii and J. lutchuensis was 2n=22, except for J. chinensis var. procumbens (2n=44). Chromosomal sites of 5S rDNA were on one pair of the short arm of the median-centromeric chromosome and 18S rDNA were at the secondary constriction. No minor signals of 5S and 18S rDNA probes were detected in the Juniperus chromosomes. We developed karyotypes using McFISH with 5S and 18S rDNA, and reported the first time chromosome makers of the family Cupressaceae.View full abstractDownload PDF (4289K) -
Mohsina Iqbal, Animesh K. Datta2007 Volume 72 Issue 1 Pages 43-47
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: September 15, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSKaryotype analysis (through Image Analyzing System) of Withania somnifera revealed 7 (2n=48: 4Asmsc+4Bm+14Cm+4Dsm+2Est+18Fm+2Gsm) morphologically distinct chromosome types. The karyotypes showed prevalence of chromosomes with median primary constrictions. Satellites were associated with short arm of 4A-type chromosomes. Chromosome length in the complement varies from 1.43 to 2.64 μm. The karyotype was symmetric in nature (TF%: 42.26). Root tip squash preparations revealed polysomatomy (2n=12: 5.8%, 2n=18: 4.8%, 2n=24: 2.9%, 2n=36: 25.0%, 2n=48: 57.7% and 2n=72: 3.8%) with predominance of 2n=48 chromosomes. The meiocytes had 2n=48 chromosomes always with an average of 23.52 II+0.95 I per cell. The bivalents formed rods (rods: 20.64±0.15, rings: 2.90±0.17) mostly at diplotene with mean chiasma of 26.45±0.25 per cell. A persistent feature in 76.2% metaphase I cells was the presence of secondary association of chromosomes and the chromosomes tended to form groups of 3 (8.0%), 6 (32.0%), 9 (16.0%) and 12 (44.0%). Secondary polyploidy has been attributed as the possible cause of secondary association of chromosomes and the basic chromosome number of the species has been suggested to be x=12.View full abstractDownload PDF (467K) -
Hederson Vinicius de Souza, Ricardo Luis Morisugi Arakaki, Lidiane Noc ...2007 Volume 72 Issue 1 Pages 49-56
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: September 15, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSSome cytogenetical aspects of spermatozoa formation were studied in 9 Coreidae Brazilian species: Anasa bellator, Athaumastus haematicus, Chariesterus armatus, Dallacoris obscura, Dallacoris pictus, Leptoglossus gonagra, Leptoglossus zonatus, Sphictyrtus fasciatus, and Zicca annulata. Similarly to the other species described to date, all the species studied herein showed cystic spermatogenesis, a reddish membrane covering the testes, a X0 sex determining system, a pair of m-chromosomes, intersticial chiasmata in most autosomes, and autosomes dividing reductionally at first meiotic division and equationally in the second 1 while sex chromosomes, divide equationally and reductionally at first and second meiotic division, respectively. In addition, it was observed that the sex chromosome is heteropycnotic at prophase and that heteropycnotic chromosomal material is found in the nuclei at spermiogenesis. In the species studied, the diploid chromosome number ranged from 19 to 25. It was 19 in S. fasciatus (16A+2m+X0); 21 in A. bellator, A. haematicus, D. obscura, D. pictus, L. gonagra, and L. zonatus (18A+2m+X0); 23 in Z. annulata (20A+2m+X0); and 25 in C. armatus (22A+2m+X0).View full abstractDownload PDF (1303K) -
Gurinder Kaur Walia2007 Volume 72 Issue 1 Pages 57-62
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: September 15, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSMale germ cell complement of Gynacantha milliardi belonging to family Aeschnidae has been investigated. Specimens were collected from Karnataka (Mangalore) state of South India. Chromosome analysis shows 2 types of spermatogenetic cycles viz., 2n♂=27m; n♂=14m and 2n♂=25; n♂=13 with XO sex determining mechanism. Karyotypic evolution of m chromosomes has been observed in the species. Meiotic behaviour of autosomes and sex chromosome has also been studied. Gynacantha milliardi is described for the first time in odonate cytotaxonomy.View full abstractDownload PDF (1028K) -
Issakar Lima Souza, Paulo César Venere, Orlando Moreira-Filho2007 Volume 72 Issue 1 Pages 63-69
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: September 15, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSStudies on different populations of the Characidae fish Astyanax scabripinnis, a species complex, have shown the occurrence of many levels of cytogenetic polymorphisms, such as in the positioning and amount of constitutive heterochromatins, and in the localization of nucleolar rDNA sites. The present paper describes the wide polymorphisms and the differences in location and quantity of heterochromatins in 2 A. scabripinnis populations, which are isolated from each other by waterfalls along the Canta Galo stream (São Paulo State, Brazil). Samples from both populations presented the same karyotype formulae. The specimens from the population located at 980 m of altitude revealed few variations in heterochromatins and NORs sites. On the other hand, those specimens collected from 720 m showed high variability in positioning and number of C-bands and rDNA loci. Events of transposition between telomeric segments, preferential positioning of the nucleolar rDNA clusters and the presence of GC-rich heterochromatins are also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (505K) -
Shiuly Rahman Tinni, Nasrin Sultana Jessy, Mehedi Mahmudul Hasan, Md. ...2007 Volume 72 Issue 1 Pages 71-75
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: September 15, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDifferential staining with Giemsa, CMA and DAPI was compared in 2 forms of Anabas testudineus (non-spotted and spotted form). The somatic chromosome number of these forms was determined as 2n=46. The range of chromosomal length of non-spotted form and spotted form was 1.86–5.33 μm and 1.60–5.32 μm, respectively. It indicates the gradual decrease in chromosome length of both the forms. The centromeric formulae were 14 m+32 t in non-spotted form and 6 m+40 t in spotted form. More telocentric chromosomes are present in spotted form, thus it is relatively advanced. Facultative heterochromatins were found in the spotted form, it was absent in non-spotted 1. Only one CMA-band was found in non-spotted form, whereas 4 CMA-bands present in the spotted form. Absence of CMA-positive band in a member of pair VI indicates a small deletion of GC-rich repeats in the non-spotted form. The percentage of GC-rich repeats is much more in spotted form. Neither DAPI positive nor negative band could be detected in any form. Since 2 forms possessed distinct centromeric formulae and CMA-banded karyotypes, they could be characterized authentically in these methods. The karyotypic features suggest for placing the 2 forms in at least different taxonomic variety.View full abstractDownload PDF (1319K) -
Masoud Sheidai, Zahra H. Shahriari, H. Rokneizadeh, Zahra Noormohammad ...2007 Volume 72 Issue 1 Pages 77-82
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: September 15, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSCytogenetic and RAPD markers variations were studied in 10 tetraploid cotton cultivars. ANOVA test revealed significant differences in cytogenetic characteristics including chiasma frequency and distribution as well as chromosome pairing among the studied genotypes, indicating their genomic differences. Quadrivalents were formed in all the cultivars except 1, while post pachytene diffuse stage, chromosome stickiness and laggards occurred almost in all the cultivars studied. Twenty-seven RAPD primers out of 30 could produce bands. In total 362 bands were obtained in which 69 were polymorphic (19.00%) and 293 bands were monomorph (81.00%). The cultivar No. 200 possessed the highest number of bands while No. 228 and Gukurova possessed the lowest number. Among the RAPD bands produced, 8 were specific in the cultivar No. 200 and 3 in the cultivar V. Sahel X 4-S-4, indicating the use of RAPD markers in cotton cultivars discrimination. Grouping of the cultivars based on cytogenetic and molecular markers were partly in agreement. A combination of morphological, cytogenetic and RAPD molecular markers may be of grate use in planning the cotton hybridization and breeding programs.View full abstractDownload PDF (369K) -
Rashmi Kohli, Sudarshan Chaudhry2007 Volume 72 Issue 1 Pages 83-88
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: September 15, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe present research work was aimed at the sequence analysis of mitochondrial 16S rDNA gene fragment in 2 wild populations (A and B) of a mosquito Armigeres subalbatus which is a carrier of filariasis and Japanese encephalitis in humans. The purified samples of mitochondrial DNA were amplified by using 2 specific oligonucleotide primers-5′-CGCCTGTTTATCAAAAACAT-3′ and 5′-CTCCGTTTGAACTCAGATC-3′ which generated a distinct band of 537 base pairs each for the 2 populations. The multiple sequence alignment also revealed indels (insertions deletions) of bases located at positions 1 and 24. As per the incidence of substitutions, the rate of transversions was found to be more than the transitions and the transversion to transition ratio varied from 1.3 to 0.55. This particular gene sequence of Armigeres subalbatus was also found to be A–T rich. In population A the average base frequencies were: A=0.39, C=0.14, G=0.09 and T=0.38 and the A+T content was 78.2% while in population B these frequencies were: A=0.38, C=0.15, G=0.08 and T=0.39 and the A+T content was 77.8%. Since a close relationship exists between the rates of nucleotide substitution and “form and function” of genes, a single gene seems to be functional at different allelic levels and the 2 populations were genomically distinct.View full abstractDownload PDF (261K) -
Maria Conceição Vieira Lacerda, Edson Luis Maistro2007 Volume 72 Issue 1 Pages 89-93
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: September 15, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThree sympatric species of Gymnotus from the Fundo stream, a small tributary of the Sapucaí river, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, were studied in relation to their karyology. Gymnotus sylvius presented 2n=40 chromosomes (36 m/sm+4 st/a), Gymnotus sp. presented 2n=50 (26 m/sm+24 st/a) and Gymnotus paraguensis had 2n=54 (50 m/sm+4 st/a). C-banding demonstrated positively stained heterochromatic blocks in the centromeric position of few chromosomes on G. sylvius and in the centromeric region of all chromosomes on G. paraguensis samples. The nucleolus organizer region (NOR) was located on the short arm of one st chromosome pair in G. sylvius and Gymnotus sp., and in the interstitial position on the short arm of the pair number one and below the centromere on a third chromosome on G. paraguensis. The cytogenetic data obtained indicate that Gymnotus sp. represent a new Gymnotus specie with a karyotypic constitution never observed on others species from this genus. Some aspects related to the chromosome diversification of these Gymnotus are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (204K) -
Mirian Molnar Rodrigues, Sabrina Baroni, Lurdes Foresti de Almeida-Tol ...2007 Volume 72 Issue 1 Pages 95-99
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: September 15, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSSpecimens of 4 marine fish species 3 from genus Trachinotus, T. carolinus, T. falcatus, T. goodei, and 1 from genus Selene, S. vomer belonging to the family Carangidae (Perciformes) were analyzed. All the specimens analyzed inhabit the South/Southeast coast of Brazil, and were sampled from the locality São Sebastião, SP. The 4 species presented 2n=48 chromosomes, being the chromosome formula for Selene vomer 46A+2ST, T. carolinus 8MSM+40A, T. falcatus 38A+10MSM and T. goodei 4MSM+44A chromosomes. The 4 species presented 1 pair of NORs. Small blocks of heterochromatin were found in these 4 species. The karyotypic characteristics of these species were discussed in comparison with other species and populations of Perciformes already analysed.View full abstractDownload PDF (210K) -
Puntivar Keawmad, Alongkoad Tanomtong, Sumpars Khunsook2007 Volume 72 Issue 1 Pages 101-110
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: September 15, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSA karyotypic study of the Asian leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) in Thailand has been made. Blood samples were taken from 2 males and 2 females. After the standard whole blood lymphocyte culture in the presence of colchicine, the metaphase spreads were performed on microscopic slides and air-dried. Conventional staining, G-banding and high-resolution techniques were applied to stain the chromosomes. The results showed that 2n of the Asian leopard cat was 38, and the fundamental number (NF) was 74 in male and female. There are 6 autosome types: A type has 4 large and 2 medium submetacentric chromosomes, B type has 6 large and 2 medium acrocentric chromosomes, C type has 4 large metacentric chromosomes, D type has 8 small submetacentric chromosomes, E type has 8 small metacentric chromosomes and F type are 2 small telocentric chromosomes. A pair of the short arm of chromosome E1 (chromosome pairs 14) showed a clearly observable satellite chromosomes. The X chromosome was medium submetacentric chromosome and the Y chromosome was the smallest metacentric chromosome. From the G-banding and high-resolution techniques, the number of bands and locations in the Asian leopard cat was 183 and 236 respectively, and each chromosome pair could be clearly differentiated. We found that chromosomes A1, A2, A3, B3, B4, C1, C2, D3, D4, E1, E3, F1 and X chromosome patterns were according to the domestic cat (Felis catus) chromosomes. Chromosomes B1, B2, D2 and E2 are similar to those of the domestic cat. These results show the evolutionary relationship between the Asian leopard cat and the domestic cat. The karyotype formula for the male and female Asian leopard cat is as follows:
2n (38)=L4m+L4sm+L6a+M2sm+M2a+S8m+S8sm+St2+Sex-chromosomeView full abstractDownload PDF (769K) -
Pankaj Kaushal, Ajoy Kumar Roy, Aarti Khare, Devendra Ram Malaviya, Su ...2007 Volume 72 Issue 1 Pages 111-118
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: September 15, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSPennisetum squamulatum is an important species belonging to tertiary gene pool of cultivated pearl millet as potential donor of several genes. Recently a new cytotype with 2n=56 chromosmes has been identified. Crossability of this cytotype has been studied with diploid and induced tetraploid pearl millet. The hybrids produced with this novel cytotype were compared for their characteristics with the hybrids previously reported with widely reported 2n=54 P. squamulatum cytotypes. Strong incompatability barriers were observed between 2n=56 cytotype with diploid pearl millet, and hybrids could not be obtained even after embryo rescue. Limited crossability was obtained with tetraploid pearl millet and 2 successful hybrids were produced. Their hybridity was confirmed by morphology, flowcytometry and cytology. The hybrids were highly fertile, perennial and segregated for mode of reproduction. Segregation for other traits confirmed heterozygous nature of P. squamulatum 2n=56 cytotype. Cytological investigations suggested 2n=8x nature of this cytotype. Successful hybridization between pearl millet and this new cytotype shall be important for introgression of useful traits as well as to study inheritance of traits such as perenniality, apomixis and tolerance to stresses.View full abstractDownload PDF (644K)
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