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Volume 45 (1980)
- Issue 4 Pages 579-
- Issue 3 Pages 353-
- Issue 1-2 Pages 1-
Volume 45, Issue 3
Displaying 1-24 of 24 articles from this issue
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Hideo Masuda1980 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages 353-362
Published: September 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhase microscopic and histochernical studies on the alteration of the Golgi apparatus in cultured cells were carried out through the successive stages of mitosis. In non-dividing cells, the cluster of the phase-gray flecks undergoes incessantly considerable changes both in morphology and topography. The mitotic cells exhibit much more drastic alterations of the Golgi apparatus. Fragmentation and dissolution of the phase-gray flecks occur successively during the period from earlier prophase to prometaphase. The cells during from metaphase to mid anaphase contain no recognizable remnant of the phase-gray flecks in their cytoplasm. Then during from late anaphase to early telophase, the Golgi apparatus reappears close to the nucleus in the form of a rosette. This soon comes to be divided into granular flecks, which are scattered to reconstruct the Golgi network of the interphase cell.View full abstractDownload PDF (2839K) -
R. K. Sarbhoy1980 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages 363-373
Published: September 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSKaryotypes of somatic chromosomes of 15 species of Phaseolus, L. have been investigated. All the species have been found to have 11 and 22 as haploid and diploid chromosome numbers (except allotetraploid Phaseolus species 2n=44). Primary base number for the genus is eleven. The somatic chromosomes are small, their size range from 0.85μ to 3.0μ. The longest being 3.0μ in P. vulgaris and shortest 0.85μ is in P. ricciardianus and P. semierectus. TF % have been calculated for each species. On the basis of TF% karyotypes are classified as symmetrical 2A or 3A types. Three species showed asymmetrical karyotypes. Phaseolus ricciardianus have asymmetrical 2B type of karyotype.
The karyotypic differences in the species have been brought about by diminution in chromatin length with advancing evolution and pericentric inversions resulting in the shift of position of the centromere and alteration in the size of chromosomes.
Phaseolus vulgaris and P. aureus with large somatic chromosomes and longest total chromatin length have been considered primitive especially in climbing and erect habit series. Phaseolus bracteatus and P. ricciardianus with short chromosomes and shortest total chromatin length are considered as advanced. Thus, it is concluded that P. vulgaris which is under cultivation in Mexico for the past 7000 year is primitive and has given rise to other species including the erect ones.View full abstractDownload PDF (892K) -
R. K Sarbhoy1980 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages 375-379
Published: September 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCytogenetical studies in Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. (=C. psoralioides D.C.) revealed seven and fourteen as haploid and diploid chromosome numbers respectively. Spontaneous occurrence of cytomixis and syndiploidy has been reported for the first time. Besides this meiotic anomalies like inversion bridges, laggards etc. have also been observed in high frequency. The role of syndiploidy in the production of polyploids have been discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (885K) -
R. K. Sarbhoy1980 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages 381-388
Published: September 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffect of paradichlorobenzene on the somatic chromosomes and mitosis of Lens esculenta (L.) Moench. var. microsperma was studied after giving prolonged treatment of 4-48 hrs under controlled conditions. The germiability and growth was inversely proportional to amount and duration of PDB treatment. Various types of mitotic and chromosomal anomalies were observed. These included contraction and condensation of chromosomes, precocious separation of chromatids, chromasomal fragmentations, chromosome bridges, tetraploid cells, binucleate cells etc. Chromosome breaks were generally restricted to secondary constrictions, satellites, heterochromatic regions and rarely to centromere regions. The potentialities of PDB as a mutagenic chemical had been emphasized.View full abstractDownload PDF (1192K) -
Anuradha Hore1980 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages 389-402
Published: September 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2155K) -
G. P. Sharma, O. P. Mittal, N. Gupta1980 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages 403-410
Published: September 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe somatic chromosome number of the jungle myna, Acridotheres fuscus fuscus and the common myna, A. tristis tristis, both belonging to the family Sturnidae, is 74 and 80 respectively. The sex mechanism is of the ZZ/ZW type. The W-chromosome is the smallest macrochromosome and can easily be identified. The macro and microchromosomes have the same staining affinity and they are in no way different except in their size.View full abstractDownload PDF (1574K) -
A. Brunner Jr., C. Y. Mitsutani, J. A. Toledo Bilotta, C. Araúj ...1980 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages 411-421
Published: September 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHemoglobin biosynthesis in rabbits with phenylhydrazine-induced anemia has been morphologically studied, comparing late bone marrow with peripheral blood erythroid cells of the same maturing degree. They were analysed through thin sections, as to their organelle type content and behavior regarding iron incorporation. Hemosomes are organelles taken as sites of final hemoglobin biosynthesis, and the ratio between their mean number in blood reticulocyte sections and that in late marrow erythroid cell sections reach about 10: 1. Late marrow erythroid cells contain practically twice the mean number of mitochondria in relation to this mean number in blood reticulocytes. Mitochondria are considered as potential acting entities for hemoglobin biosynthesis, since they participate in hemosome formation. Iron incorporation activity increases more than twice in peripheral blood reticulocytes, as compared to the mean in late marrow erythroid cells. These analytical results suggest that an enhancement of hemoglobin synthesis activity occurs when erythroid cells enter the peripheral blood.View full abstractDownload PDF (2047K) -
Karyotypes of Taiwanese and Japanese bats belonging to the families Rhinolophidae and HipposideridaeKoichi Ando, Takasuke Tagawa, Teru Aki Uchida1980 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages 423-432
Published: September 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSKaryotypes of four Taiwanese and two Japanese species belonging to three genera, Rhinolophus, Hipposideros and Coelops, are studied. Considering their phylogenetic relationships based on the morphological evidence, the chief mechanism of karyotypic alteration within Rhinolophus would be able to explain by centric fusion. On the other hand, the karyotype with 2n=32 and FN=60 in Hipposideros appears to be formed by extensive centric fusion of the uniarmed autosomal member such as that of R. cornutus or R. monoceros. It is possible to assume that the autosomal composition in C. frithi (2n=30, FN=58) is built up by pericentric inversion and subsequent centric fusion of a small M·SM-autosomal one in Hipposideros; further, the ST-Y chromosome in this species is perhaps due to the result of pericentric inversion of the A-Y one in Hipposideros.View full abstractDownload PDF (1207K) -
B. N. Verma1980 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages 433-440
Published: September 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCytological studies of R. dimorphum, R. stagnale and R. crispum have been made for the first time. A count of 24 chromosomes as diploid number has been ascertained for all the three species and their karyotypes have also been worked out. The degree of relationship between three karyotypes has been calculated through the Karl Pearson's coefficient of correlation method. Recognition of R. dimorphum, R. stagnale and R. crispum as three distinct species has been supported in view of appreciable difference in three karyotypes with respect to the total chromatin length, coefficient of variations among chromosome complements and TF%. The possible means of speciation in the genus Rhizoclonium has been suggested by shift of position of centromere and alteration in the length of chromosomes, since it is a homothallic alga and as such translocation as well as inversion homozygotes are expected to be established easily.
Meiotic count of 12 bivalents at diakinesis has been ascertained in the filaments preceding zoospore formation in R. dimorphum. The zoospores observed was quadriflagellate which is a new report to the genus.
Diplobiontic life cycle has been suggested in R. dimorphum on the basis that meiosis precedes zoospore formation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1238K) -
S. M. Handa, Pushpindar Kaur, Sarbjit Kaur, Neelam Bala1980 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages 441-446
Published: September 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA standard map of the salivary gland chromosomes of Parasarcophaga hirtipes has been prepared. Its complement consists of five pairs of autosomes and two sex chromosomes, X and Y. The X is slightly bigger than the Y. The banding pattern of the two sex chromosomes is distinct. The entire complement has been divided arbitrarily into 68 zones.View full abstractDownload PDF (406K) -
Jagtar S. Dhesi1980 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages 447-451
Published: September 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMeiotic behavior of a desynaptic gene in Pennisetum americanum (L.) K. Schum. was analyzed under different temperatures in a season. High temperatures during October induced high degree of desynaptic condition, while low temperatures during November gave rise to high numbers of bivalents. Study of laggards showed that at high temperature the frequency of 1-3 laggards was high, while at low temperature larger numbers of laggards were formed.View full abstractDownload PDF (863K) -
Suad Artvinli1980 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages 453-466
Published: September 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUp until now, it has been visualized that the membrane systems of an eukaryotic cell include a limiting plasma membrane and separated organelles in the cytoplasm. They all constitute the cell.
The presence of a wide variety of experimental results which suggest that a united membrane constitutes the cell has therefore necessitated this morphological study.
To visualize the cell, the new tissue preparation technique introduced by Artvinli (1975), and the stains reacting or combining with chemical groups contained in biomolecules of the membranes as well as of the cytoplasm have been used. Light and electron microscopic appearance of the cell, under these conditions, is similar to a network. The cell was therefore defined as a membranous network. Its structure can also be visualized as a biomolecular network.
The existence of such a united membrane or a biomolecular network seems to be true since it could be predicted and also confirmed by reviewing of the literature.
Such a structure of the cell links any part of the cell to its other parts, and can control metabolism through changes which occur in its shape, in other words, interdependent changes in conformations of biomolecules.View full abstractDownload PDF (3433K) -
Egbert W. Henry1980 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages 467-476
Published: September 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwelve-week-old Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. “Little Turkish” tobacco plants were infected with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and ultrastructural effects in leaf and root tissue were examined with respect to TMV effects on cellular organelles. TMV infected mesophyll tissue contain swollen chloroplasts with bulging out, electron dense opaque bodies and distorted lamellae. Mitochondria are enlarged with swollen cristae. The plasma membranes are quite electron dense and show discontinuities. TMV particles invade the cytoplasm of most TMV infected cells with evidence of heightened ribosomal activity. “Doughnut”-shaped nucleoli are present in infected cell nuclei with the chromatin becoming more granular in appearance. Fine structural examples of TMV infected leaf and root cells are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (3267K) -
F. B. Kulfinski, A. J. Pappelis1980 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages 477-480
Published: September 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA heat stabile substance was produced by A. niger, accumulated in the culture medium, and induced nuclear area and nuclear dry mass decreases in inner epidermal cells of onion bulb scales comparable to decreases observed 0-5mm ahead of mycelium in infected bulbs. When tissue squares 5mm on a side were incubated in culture filtrate, half of the cells were dead after 15 seconds incubation and all were dead in 15 minutes. Because the effects of infective mycelium and culture filtrate were comparable in kind of nuclear changes produced and similar in magnitude of these changes, we suggest that the same substance was produced by the fungus in vitro as during infection.View full abstractDownload PDF (239K) -
René Rohr1980 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages 481-495
Published: September 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn vitro development of the male gametophyte of Ginkgo.
For the first time the full development of the male gametophyte of Ginkgo biloba is obtained by culture on an artificial medium.
The evolution of the different gametophytic cells: prothallian cells, the tube cell, the stalk cell and the body cell as well as the development of rhizoids are studied both in photon and electron microscopy.
This in vitro study shows that under natural conditions, the female gametophyte of Ginkgo probably controls the different stages in the development of the male gametophyte.View full abstractDownload PDF (4040K) -
A. Kabarity, A. El-Bayoumi, A. Habib1980 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages 497-506
Published: September 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPapaverine hydrochloride induces c-tumours in root tips of Allium cepa. Two types of enlargements were noticed, complete swelling along the majority of the root and complete swelling with a certain enlargement immediately after the 2 mm terminal tips. The histological examination of these zones revealed that these swelling were due to cell enlargement both in meristematic and in tumour zones. This conclusion was evidenced from the result obtained of the nucleoplasmic index.
Papaverine hydrochloride and morphine sulphate showed roughly polyploid roots as the concentration of the chemical increased. The effect of cannabis dissolved in water on the rate of polyploid induction varied according to the concentration applied.View full abstractDownload PDF (2385K) -
A. S. Shehab1980 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages 507-513
Published: September 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA comparative study of low molecular weight alcohols with higher fatty alcohols from Euphorbia granulata and Pulicaria crispa was undertaken. All the alcohols used had a strong anti-mitotic effect.
The most dominant abnormalities were; stickiness, disturbed metaphase (pseudo-spindle mitosis, somatic reduction and non-oriented chromosomes), multipolar spindle, lagging chromosome, bridges, c-mitosis, c-anaphase, contracted chromosomes and multinucleate cell.View full abstractDownload PDF (1585K) -
II. The genus Aloe L.S. P. Vij, Madhu Sharma, I. S. Toor1980 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages 515-532
Published: September 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSixteen taxa belonging to ten species of Aloe were investigated. Most of these species exist only as diploids. A. arborescens was found to be tetraploid, whereas, both diploid and tetraploid individuals were studied in A. arborescens var. natalensis, A. latifolia and A. vera. Apart from unreduced gametes and hybridization, the origin of polyploidy in the genus is attributed to mitotic system as well.
Split metaphases/anaphases and/or non-orientation and ultimate exclusion of some of the chromosomes accounts for aneusomatic cells (2n=9, 10, 11, 12) in A. aristata. Non-disjunction leading to unequal anaphases explains such cells in A. humilis (2n=13, 15) and A. vera (2n=15). Somatic pairing as observed in A. ferox may also result in such unequal segregations. While, the aneusomatic cells were observed in the gametic tissue as well in A. vera, their absence in the meiotic tissue in A. aristata and A. humilis indicates that these cells are not selected in the germ line.
Different species presently studied, though exhibited a gross similarity in the morphology of their bimodal karyotype, differed from one another in their total chromatin length, F% and S% ratios. Satellites were observed on the long arm of large chromosomes in A. arborescens var. natalensis, A. ferox and A. vera. In A. saponaria only one chromosome of a long pair possessed satellite.
Hybrid nature of the polyploid taxa in A. latifolia and A. vera is apparent, on the basis of their karyotypes. In A. arborescens, polyploidy explains meiotic abnormalities, whereas, structural heterozygosity accounts for such aberrations in A. africana, A. ferox, A. transvaalensis and A. vera (2x).View full abstractDownload PDF (3394K) -
Shrikant P. Birari1980 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages 533-543
Published: September 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSomatic chromosome number (in the species) of Pseudanthistiria hispida, P. intermedia, P. umbellata and P. heteroclita was 2n=20. Meiosis in the former three was normal, while it was irregular in P. heteroclita due to the occurrence of supernumerary chromosomes. Pollen mitotic studies in P. heteroclita revealed the euploid and uneuploid chromosome constitution of the dividing nucleus at the end of first mitotic division. In P. heteroclita non-disjunction of supernumeraries was the characteristic feature of the first pollen mitosis while the accumulation of Bs in generative nucleus was the prominent feature of second pollen mitosis. Pollen grain was two nucleate at the time of shedding in all four species. All species were sexual which exhibited a single polygonum type of embryosac at the time of maturity.
Dr. Rui D'Cruz is acknowledged for his guidance during these investigations.View full abstractDownload PDF (1852K) -
Raymond L. Stallings, Nat M. Kieffer1980 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages 545-548
Published: September 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (257K) -
A. Marchi, R. Mezzanotte, L. Ferrucci1980 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages 549-553
Published: September 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe metaphase chromosomes of Anopheles stephensi (Liston 1901) show characteristic and constant Q-, G and C-banding patterns. The autosomal bands are located in the centromeric regions and their amount and distribution permit the distinguishing of the two autosome pairs from each other. A striking homology of banding is present between the sex chromosomes where the only difference is due to a telomeric euchromatic segment present on X and lacking on Y. We hypothesize that the Y chromosome is derived by a deletion of the telomeric part of an arm in the two former homologous chromosomes.View full abstractDownload PDF (730K) -
Sukhrai S. Dhillon1980 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages 555-560
Published: September 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNuclear volume, chromosome size, and DNA content relationships were determined for three species of Pinus; the species in decreasing order of these parameters were P. lambertiana, P. radiata, and P. rigida. Chromosome size varied widely between the species and was positively correlated with both DNA content and nuclear volume of root-tip cells; nuclear volume and DNA content were also positively correlated. The highest/lowest value ratios of DNA content, nuclear volume, and total haploid chromosome complement length between the species were 2.0, 1.8 and 1.4 respectively. The differences in DNA content between these species having the same chromosome number (n=12) and similar karyotypic pattern, are explained on the basis of change in chromosome length due to duplication or deletion as well as chromosome density possibly due to differential polynemy.View full abstractDownload PDF (400K) -
Joseph N. Manago, Frank L. Spina, William H. Beckert1980 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages 561-569
Published: September 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDifferential chromosome staining has been obtained for the chromosomes of cultured bone marrow cells of Rana pipiens. Although a wide variety of methods were investigated, only certain banding methods and modifications thereof gave promising results of particular significance for further investigation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1094K) -
G. Jelenkovic, O. Shifriss, E. Harrington1980 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages 571-577
Published: September 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn a haploid of Ricinus communis L., the ten chromosomes are unpaired at pachytene but they frequently display end-to-end association. This kind of association is also common in diplotene.
At diakinesis, there is considerable variation among PMC's in number of chromosomes involved and in frequency of different associations in each association. Associations involving only two chromosomes do not appear as genuine bivalents and associations of more than two chromosomes often resemble chains.
Chromosome distribution at metaphase I is as follows: in 78.2% of the PMC's (N=238), all ten univalents are scattered haphazardly; in 16% of the PMC's, some or all of the univalents are oriented at the equatorial plate; and in 5.8% of the PMC's, the univalents are found in 2 polar groupings.
This study does not support the hypothesis of polyploid origin of Ricinus as proposed by Narain and Singh (1968).View full abstractDownload PDF (1623K)
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