All issues
Volume 52, Issue 2
Displaying 1-27 of 27 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Suad Artvinli1987 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 189-198
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (875K) -
M. S. Al-Khalifa1987 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 199-205
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe ultrastructure of the oviduct cells of several aged Sitophilus granarius females is described. Ageing causes extensive ultrastructural changes in the organelles of the columnar epithelial cells of the lateral oviduct including an increase in autophagic vacuoles and Golgi complexes, together with a decrease in secretory vesicles.View full abstractDownload PDF (5447K) -
H. Kumar, V. C. Mercykutty, R. M. Singh1987 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 207-211
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNine interchange trisomics were isolated in the progeny of interchange heterozygotes in M3 generation; frequency of trisomics was found to be genotype specific. Morphologically they might be called as pale greenish, elongated stipule, reduced internode, weak-slender with elongated stipule, slender with round stipule, reduced stipule and leaflets, dark green, elongated internode and small-thick-errect leaflets. At MI, characteristic configurations were 104+5II+1I (46.2% cells) and 1III+6II (31.1% cells). At Al, 7-8 disjunction was most frequent ranging from 34.6 to 78.7%. Seed yield was very poor; only 1 to 4 seeds per plant were harvested.View full abstractDownload PDF (2004K) -
Structure and systematic significance of interphase nucleiM. dos S. Guerra1987 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 213-222
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe interphase nuclei of 68 species of Rutaceae representing the eight major tribes in the family were analyzed. Nuclei were classified as areticulate (two types), semi-reticulate (five types) and reticulate (one type). No eureticulate nuclei were detected. Variation of the structure among different tissues, individuals or species of the same genus was minimal and mainly associated to tissue differentiation or ploidy levels. The differences in chromatin organization among nuclear types are mainly correlated with the pattern of prophase condensation and the amount of nuclear DNA. The structure of the interphase nucleus appears to be particularly important in the cytogenetical characterization of tribes and sub-tribes of the Rutaceae. The tribe Aurantieae is the only one to be characterized by a single nuclear type (areticulate) whereas the remaining tribes show varied nuclear structure for the different subtribes. Some tribes, as Rutineae and Cusparieae, appear to have a characteristic nuclear type for each subtribe. The systematic significance of these findings is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (4047K) -
R. N. Gohil, Ravinder Raina1987 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 223-228
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe genus Hesperis, belonging to tribe Hesperideae of the family Brassicaceae, is represented by a single species, H. matronalis L., in the Kashmir Himalaya. Its plants are characterised by flower colour variants which appear to be under the control of multiple alleles. These plants are tetraploid with 2n=4x=24. Meiosis in this cytotype is characterised by the presence of chromosomal associations involving upto nine chromosomes. Despite these associations, anaphase I segregations are normal with 12 chromosomes moving to each pole. On the basis of the chromosome morphology and the meiotic details the cytotype under study appears to be a segmental allotetraploid with multiple translocations superimposed on polyploidy. The significance of translocations vis-á-vis polyploidy in the evolution and stabilization of this cytotype is discussed in the present paper.View full abstractDownload PDF (1520K) -
A. Shome, Subhas Kumar Hazra1987 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 229-234
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo inbreds (MT 15, HC 583) of Hibiscus cannabinus L. and their corresponding F1 hybrid embryos were treated with low doses of X-rays (2 kR to 8 kR) and their comparative radiosensitivity was assessed commencing from seedling to the adult stage (M1). From the results, it was conspicuous that the trend of germination pattern of F1 embryos was similar to those of the inbreds. Consequent upon radiation exposure, F1 seedlings exhibited more radiosensitivity (barring lateral root initiation upto 2 kR and root injury upto 4 kR) as compared to that of the inbreds. The degree of survival percentage implicated that the F1 was more radioresistant (LD50 on 21st day, above 8 kR) as compared to either MT 15 (LD50 below 5 kR) or HC 583 (LD50 slightly above 6 kR). This very particular character of F1 embryos is apparently been inherited from the X-ray tolerant inbred HC 583, thereby implying that radioresistance is governed by simple dominance. In contrast to linear increase of seed sterility in inbreds with increasing X-ray doses, F1 progenies yielded more fertile seeds specially at higher doses. And this indicates the probable interaction and/or influence of fertility restorer genes on radio-response.View full abstractDownload PDF (415K) -
N. Devadas, A. Sadanandam, R. Kishan Rao, K. Subhash1987 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 235-241
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMutagenic effects of four insecticides on soaked seeds of Capsicum annuum cultivar G3 have been studied. The insecticides used presently induced various types of chromosomal alterations in meristematic cells. Details of aberrations are described and probable reasons for their induction are discussed. Chlorophyll mutations of six types, viz., xantha, albina, chlorina, xanthoviridis, alboviridis and virescence were recorded in M2 generation. The present findings reveal that four insecticides potentially are capable of producing a variety of mutations in chilli and are potent mutagenic agents with radiomimetic action.View full abstractDownload PDF (887K) -
J. Holland-Saumur, D. S. Borgaonkar, K. L. Esterly, D. Wilmoth, G. Mun ...1987 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 243-254
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis is a report on a patient with the karyotype 46, XX, -13, +r(13), and a review of the literature on the ring 13 (r13) chromosome. We have used two computerized data bases for a search of information on the r (13) chromosome syndrome. We have analyzed the data on 39 patients (subjects) all of whose karyotypes included r (13). We have especially searched for helpful data for physical features and counseling of families in whom this subject may appear: multiple birth defects, natural history, management problems, and correlation with cytogenetic results. The 39 cases reviewed here, which include r (13) in the karyotypes, correlate best with Niebuhr's Category I of 13q-subjects, and in a few instances, with Category II. Occasional cases have features of Trisomy 13.View full abstractDownload PDF (1995K) -
Maria das Graças Medeiros, Catarina Satie Takahashi1987 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 255-259
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAllium cepa root-tip cells submitted to infusions of Luffa operculata dried fruit showed decreased mitotic index, polyploid nuclei and metaphase-C, suggesting a possible interference of the plant with the mechanism of formation of the mitotic spindle.View full abstractDownload PDF (320K) -
Maria das Graças Medeiros, Catarina Satie Takahashi1987 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 261-265
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWistar rats submitted to intraperitoneal injection of an infusion of L. operculata showed polyploidy, C-metaphases and endoreduplication in their bone marrow cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (381K) -
Y. H. Lee1987 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 267-273
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA clone of Arundina graminifolia from Malaysia was found to be diploid with 2n=40 chromosomes. This is in agreement with 3 earlier reports on materials collected elsewhere. The present study revealed a considerable degree of meiotic irregularities in this clone. These were in the forms of asynapsis, desynapsis, chromosome laggards at anaphase I, and formation of restitution nuclei at both meiotic division I and II. The cause and significance of such irregularities in this species remain to be studied.View full abstractDownload PDF (5519K) -
Thomas E. Turkula, S. M. Jalal1987 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 275-281
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree to five week old Charles River white rats of the same litters were intraperitoneally injected with a commercial sample of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) dissolved in dimethyl-sulfoxide, in concentration ranging from 25 to 350μg/kg. Eight treated animals and one control were used for 4-hr exposure periods to determine the direct effect of 2, 4-D on chromosomes. Nine treated and one control animals were used for the 24-hr exposure periods to determine direct and indirect effects of 2, 4-D. Data were taken from 50 cells with adequate chromosome spreads for each experimental animal in each of the three replicates. Statistical analysis (ANOVA and Dunnett's Multiple Comparisons Test) revealed a significant increase in the rate of chromosome aberrations at 100μg/kg, both for 4-hr and 24-hr tests. Generally, at other treatment levels the rate of chromosome aberrations was higher though statistically not significant. It appears that 2, 4-D induced clastogenicity peaks at 100μg/kg.View full abstractDownload PDF (1928K) -
Georgiana Jagiello, Jye-Siung Fang1987 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 283-292
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSComplete chromomere maps of Swiss mouse in early diplotene oocytes and spermatocytes have been developed. Individual bivalent identification has been used to assign all chiasmata in complete cells of each sex. All chiasmata appeared to be interchromomeric. More chiasmata were found on all oocyte bivalents than spermatocyte, except bivalent 18 where they were equal. There appeared to be non-random distribution of chiasmata in both sexes and 86 out of 169 chiasmata locations were identical on oocytes and spermatocytes. Differences of location between the present study of early diplotene cells and other reports of studies at the later meiotic stages of diakinesis/metaphase I were found.View full abstractDownload PDF (3249K) -
A. Badr, A. G. Ibrahim1987 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 293-302
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of various treatments of glean on mitotic activity, chromosomes and DNA amounts in the root tips of A. cepa and V. faba has been investigated. This herbicide remarkably inhibited mitotic division and depressed the DNA and RNA in the root meristems of both plants. Glean induced chromosome damage in both plants comprised of mitotic abnormalities, chromosomal aberrations and chromosomal stickiness. The effect of this herbicide on mitosis in relation to its action on DNA and RNA and on the chromosomes is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (3727K) -
Meiotic effects of the insecticide MethamidophosSoheir M. Amer, Odette R. Farah1987 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 303-307
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of the pure insecticide “Methamidophos” (O, S-dimethyl phosphoramidothioate) on the meiosis of Vicia faba has been studied. Vicia faba plants were sprayed for different periods of time (1, 2 or 4 days) at the seedling and flowering stages with the insecticidal solution (500 ppm). All the conducted treatments affected a significant percentage of abnormal PMCs/plant.
Stickiness of the chromosomes dominated, and only few PMCs with chromosome fragments were observed. Such phenomena indicate the toxicity of Methamidophos and its low mutagenic potential.View full abstractDownload PDF (2014K) -
Th. Butterfass1987 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 309-316
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMany volume ratios between tetraploid and diploid guard cells of stomata and between diploid and haploid pollen grains were compiled from the literature and from own unpublished results. The sources of possible errors are discussed. No difference was found between induced auto- and allotetraploids. Some of the ratios with tetraploids of the C0 generation, but less so of later generations, were extremely high. The medians of the ratios were highest in the C0 generation (pollen grains 2.0-2.1, guard cells 2.4) and smaller in later generations (pollen grains 1.9, guard cells 2.1). The ratios of tetraploids from nature were 1.5-1.8 and thus significantly smaller than 2. The reduction may be a result of a selection for cell size during evolution, or of a physiological self-adjustment.
The length/width ratios of guard cells were on average greater, but those of anisodiametric pollen grains smaller in induced tetraploids than in diploids, with a broad range of variation. The finding for guard cells is at variance with a widely held opinion.View full abstractDownload PDF (663K) -
Animesh K. Datta, Jawahar L. Das, Amal K. Biswas1987 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 317-322
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSElectrophorograms obtained through polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis following the study of buffer and acid soluble protein profiles of control and seven mutant lines (brown seedcoat, bushy, prostrate, lax branching, feathery laeaf, dwarf and viridis) of Nigella sativa L. (Black Cummin) from the seed samples, showed remarkable heterogeneity in the nature and types of banding patterns. Quantitative evaluation of both buffer and acid soluble protein contents of the plant types have also been made.View full abstractDownload PDF (353K) -
A. B. Sapre, Suniti S. Barve1987 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 323-330
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDetailed cytological study in the tetrasomics of Coix gigantea Koen. ex Roxb. (Poaceae) has been carried out revealing a possibility of wider range in the gametic constitution than is generally predicted through breeding experiments. Although majority of the PMCs showed nine bivalents and a quadrivalent association at diakinesis, the four homologues gave two bivalents, bivalent and two univalents, trivalent and a univalent and rarely four univalents. Orientation and segregation in all these associations, especially irregularities involving quadrivalent and univalent, have resulted in gametes with from n=9 (n-1) to n=13 (n+3) chromosomes. There is every reason to believe that gametes up to n+2 (n=12) constitution are functional since polysomics, pentasomic (2n+3, 2n=23) and hexasomic (2n+4, 2n=24), have been isolated and cytologically studied by us in the past.View full abstractDownload PDF (4229K) -
Fernande B. Genest, P. Morisset, R. P. Patenaude1987 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 331-333
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe C-banded karyotype of the North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) shows only few faint bands in autosomes. On the other hand, the large submetacentric X-chromosome has two long distal bands, one on each arm. This pattern of C-banding in the X-chromosome appears to be unique among mammals.View full abstractDownload PDF (135K) -
B. G. Sangowawa1987 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 335-342
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe haploid number of chromosomes in S. mochicense Ochoa is found to be 12. The diploid number is determined from tapetal cell and is found to be 24 (2n=24). Endoreduplication with a degree of ploidy was observed in tapetal cells. Chromosomal reduplication was so marked that normal diploid chromosome number reached 48. All chromosomes have either metacentric or submetacentric centromeres. Four satellite chromosomes are seen among them. Frequencies of chiasmata at diakinesis are analysed. The chiasma frequency per bivalent is 1.2.
Association of chromosomes in three and four are seen. The frequency is 13.10%. The occurrence of multivalents seemed to indicate the presence of translocation heterozygote in S. mochicense Ochoa.
The frequency of univalents varied from 1.19 to 10.17%. Structural changes and gene mutation are probably responsible for failure of pairing among pairable chromosomes. The univalents behave in different ways, they either pass to the poles or lag in between separating groups of chromosomes or divide. The division and elimination of univalents cause unequal distribution of chromosomes on second metaphase plates. Univalents and fragments which failed to be included in the daughter nuclei formed micronuclei (7.21%).
Chromatid bridge formation is 3.60%. There is some correlation between the percentage of chromosome irregularities 18.58 and abortion of pollen 11.54.
The meiotic irregularities and partial sterility indicate that the diploid S. mochicense Ochoa is presumably of hybrid origin.View full abstractDownload PDF (4268K) -
R. Selvaraj1987 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 343-356
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe chromosome number of 41 species belonging to 24 genera of Rubiaceae from South India has been studied. The chromosome numbers range from 2n=18 to 2n=72. First record of chromosome numbers have been made as many as 11 species and deviant records of chromosome number as against the previous reports have been worked out in 2 species. In the rest of the species studied, the present report of chromosome numbers confirms the previous records.
A common survey of the chromosome numbers in Rubiaceae reveals the existence of graded series of haploid numbers from 6 to 110. Of those, haploid numbers n=11 and n=22 represented the highest frequency among the taxa studied. Therefore, it may be assumed that the original primary basic number may be 11 and it should have given rise to derived primary basic number 22. A process of chromosomal reduction as observed among the species of Crepis might have been in operation so that the basic number 11 might have got reduced to n=10, n=9 and finally to n=6 by a series of unequal translocations involving concurrent loss of inert heterochromatin parts of the chromosomes. The other higher haploid numbers above the level of n=11 should have been arisen by means of aneuploidy and euploidy.
As revealed by karyotype analyses of 41 taxa of Rubiaceae studied it is clear that, there is a close correlation between the size and the number of somatic chromosomes. Karyotypes in Rubiaceae also show differences in absolute chromosome size indicating changes in nuclear DNA in evolution. No definite trend of either phylogenetic increase or decrease of chromosome size is indicated by the available limited data.
In the present study, critical karyotype analyses of as many as 41 species of Rubiaceae showed asymmetrical karyotype. Along side this advanced character, and by the common occurrence of subterminal kinetochores showed that this family may be considered as one of the most highly evolved families of Angiosperms.View full abstractDownload PDF (6133K) -
Lepocinclis PertyR. N. Prasad, B. R. L. Chaudhary1987 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 357-360
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the genus Lepocinclis, only one species viz., L. ovum var. buetschlii (n=34) is reported to have been studied karyologically so far (Leedale 1958). The chromosome numbers recorded in the present study for four taxa of Lepocinclis viz., L. marssonii (n=33±3), L. ovum (n=48±2), L. ovum var. globular (n=94±8) and L. texta (n=212±5) are new to science. The structure and pattern of mitotic division of nuclei are atypical.
On the basis of chromosome numbers though available for only few taxa, the possible role of aneu- and euploidy in the establishment of cytological races in one and the same species and speciation in the genus is inferred.View full abstractDownload PDF (2036K) -
A.S. Soodan, B.A. Wafai1987 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 361-364
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe paper records the occurrence of cytomixis in two economically important fruit species, P. amygdalus (almond) and P. persica (peach). The possible impact of the phenomenon on breeding system of the two species and the causes of its occurrence have been discussed in the paper.View full abstractDownload PDF (1997K) -
B. V. Rao, C. B. S. R. Sharma, B. G. S. Rao1987 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 365-371
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCytological effects of four organophosphorus insecticides viz., Dichlorvos, Monocrotophos, Phosalone and Oxydemetonmethyl were tested on Allium cepa root meristems. One hour pulse treatments were given with test solutions at different concentrations and allowed to different recovery periods in Hoagland's nutrient solution.
All the four insecticides induced clastogenic and turbagenic effects to different degrees. Among the four insecticides Monocrotophos was observed to be more effective as a clastogenic agent followed by Dichlorvos, Phosalone and Oxydemetonmethyl respectively in that order. The necessity for screening the agrochemicals for their possible mutagenic potentialities that are detriemental to the better economic utilization of plants is suggested.View full abstractDownload PDF (1972K) -
A. R. P. Sinha1987 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 373-375
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDetailed cytomorphological study has been made in Mecardonia procumbens, a common Scrophulariaceous weed, collected from three different populations (Mp0877, Mp0777 and Mp0387) growing in three different localities. B chromosome was seen in mitotic and meiotic cells of plants of Mp0877 population. In M. procumbens B chromosome is reported for the first time.View full abstractDownload PDF (169K) -
B. R. Tyagi, A. A. Naqvi1987 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 377-385
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSix morphologically distinct genotypes of Mentha arvensis L. consisting of four clones introduced from Japan (CIMAP/MA-2), Thailand (CIMAP/MA-3), Taiwan (CIMAP/MA-4) and Brazil (CIMAP/MA-5) and two bud-sports (CIMAP/MAS-1 and CIMAP/MAS-2) of a Thailand clone (CIMAP/MA-3) were studied under uniform environmental conditions for somatic chromosome numbers, yielding ability and essential oil quality. The somatic chromosome number in these genotypes ranged from 2n=64 to 108. Three clones viz. CIMAP/MA-2 (2n=84), CIMAP/MA-5 (2n=72) and CIMAP/MAS-2 (2n=108) possessed chromosome numbers multiple of the base number (x=12) while the remaining three clones (CIMAP/MA-3, CIMAP/MA-4 and CIMAP/MAS-1) contained aneuploid numbers such as 2n=98, 64 and 90, respectively. The results on chromosome number variation in the two bud-sports-CIMAP/MAS-1 (2n=90) and CIMAP/MAS-2 (2n=108) suggested that these two cytotypes might have originated by addition or reduction of chromosomes due to irregular mitosis in the bud meristem of the parental clone-CIMAP/MA-3 with 2n=98. It is likely that a similar mechanism for reduction of chromosome number from 2n=96 to 2n=84 might have operated in CIMAP/MA-2. The relevance of a large variation in chromosome number brought about by introgression and sporting and its subsequent fixation through vegetative propagation in evolving the observed cytotypes in M. arvensis is discussed. The variation among the six genotypes for various characters like plant height, leaf/stem ratio, fresh herbage yield, oil content, oil yield, oil composition and congealing point of oil indicated a genotypic control for these traits. CIMAP/MAS-1 and CIMAP/MAS-2 with significantly high oil content, oil yeild and exceptionally greater amount of menthol in the oil proved significantly superior over rest of the genotypes. The absence of menthyl acetate in the oil of CIMAP/MAS-1 and CIMAP/MAS-2 quite contrary to the remaining four clones is interpreted in the sence that these two genotypes might be in possession of homozygous recessive gene ‘e’ responsible for completely blocking the conversion of menthol to menthyl acetate.View full abstractDownload PDF (4382K) -
S. N. Zadoo, Prakash Narain1987 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages 387-393
Published: June 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA study of 5 species and 41 cultivars of Hemerocallis revealed that somatic complements of diploid Hemerocallis were found variable with respect to centromere position and number of nucleolar chromosomes and level of polyploidy. On the basis of number of nucleolar organisers and extent of their heteromorphocity, 10 different groups have been differentiated. Out of which first five JJ, II, JJJJ, JJLL and LL types of nucleolar chromosomes have been considered basal types. The other types (including the types J, LJ, LJJJ, LJJ, JJJ) could be derived from the basal types. The nature and extent of variation in nucleolar organisers in different taxa have been discussed in light of origin of garden cultivars through hybridization and susceptibility of nucleolar chromosomes to spontaneous mutations.View full abstractDownload PDF (2126K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|