CYTOLOGIA
Online ISSN : 1348-7019
Print ISSN : 0011-4545
Volume 76, Issue 2
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
  • S. Hareesh Joshy, Mitsuru Kuramoto
    2011 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 111-117
    Published: June 30, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2011
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    Karyotypes of 5 species of Indian frogs belonging to 2 families Rhacophoridae (Polypedates maculatus, Rhacophorus malabaricus, and Pseudophilautus wynaadensis) and Microhylidae (Ramanella montana and Microhyla ornata) were described. All of the 5 species had 2n=26 bi-armed chromosomes with 5 large and 8 small pairs. In Rhacophorus malabaricus, 3 large chromosome pairs (nos. 2–4) possessed telomeric C-positive bands on the long arm, whereas C-positive bands were confined to the centromeric region of the chromosomes in the other 4 species. None of the species had identifiable heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Based on karyometric data and C-banding, the karyotype of each species was characterized and was compared with those of the related species. It became evident that the Indian species of the genus Microhyla differ karyologically from the congeners in southeastern Asia.
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  • Gab-Man Park, Yong-Min Kim, Ee-Yung Chung
    2011 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 119-123
    Published: June 30, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2011
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    The karyotypes of Meretrix lusoria and M. petechialis in the family Veneridae in Korea were studied in order to analyse their genetic relationships. The 2 species showed a diploid chromosome number of 2n=38, with 5 metacentric, 10 submetacentric, 2 subtelocentric, and 2 telocentric chromosome pairs for Meretrix lusoria, and 5 metacentric, 9 submetacentric, 3 subtelocentric, and 2 telocentric for M. petechialis. The karyotypes of these 2 species are clearly different in the same genus.
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  • Khushdil Khan, Santosh Kumar Sharma, Satyawada Ramarao, Sunil Dutta Pu ...
    2011 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 125-128
    Published: June 30, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2011
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    Karyomorphological studies have been carried out in 2 species of the genus Wrightia. The somatic chromosome numbers 2n=22 and 2n=20 were recorded for W. tomentosa and W. tinctoria, respectively. The karyotypes of the species were more or less symmetrical. The significance of karyotypic variation in speciation of the genus Wrightia has been discussed.
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  • Ichiro Mine, Satoko Sekida, Kazuo Okuda
    2011 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 129-135
    Published: June 30, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2011
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    The coenocyte of Bryopsis gametophytes is composed of a main axis and side branches lateral to the main axis, both of which grow by cell growth at a dome-like tip of cylindrical axis or branches. Regular development of side branches along the main axis formed pinnate thallus of Bryopsis gametophyte and, therefore, the formation of new growing tip is a key event in the thallus morphogenesis of the alga. Previous inhibitory experiments showed that the microtubule cytoskeleton is involved in cell growth and regular development of side branches. To clarify the role of microtubules in the formation of new growing tip further, we observed the microtubule arrangement during 2 different modes of growing tip formation—formation of side branches and regeneration of protoplasm aggregates in B. plumosa by immunofluorescence microscopy. A longitudinal, dense arrangement of cortical microtubules was observed in the cytoplasm of the main axes. These microtubules appeared to be interrupted in the region of side branch formation during its earliest stage. In the spherical cells regenerated from protoplast aggregates, a radial array of cortical microtubules was observed in the cell protrusion, which later became the growing tip of the regenerating cell. Thus, microtubules showed specific morphological changes in the region of growing tip formation in B. plumosa.
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  • Okihito Yano, Hiroshi Ikeda, Mark F. Watson, Keshab R. Rajbhandari
    2011 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 137-141
    Published: June 30, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2011
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    Chromosome numbers of 4 species of the genus Kobresia (Cyperaceae) collected from the Nepal Himalaya are reported. Chromosome numbers of K. curvata Kük. (2n=50), K. esenbeckii (Kunth) Noltie (2n=66), and K. duthiei C. B. Clarke (2n=ca. 84) are reported for the first time. Kobresia nepalensis (Nees) Kük. showed an unusually high chromosome number, 2n=ca. 114. It is concluded that chromosomal evolution in the unispicate Kobresia species may have been caused by both polyploidy and aneuploidy.
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  • Archana A. Nerkar, Mohan M. Gadegone
    2011 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 143-155
    Published: June 30, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2011
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    The aim of present study was to compare the ultrastructural changes in thyroid gland during different phases of the reproductive cycle of Taphozous longimanus. Thyroid gland shows marked seasonal variation in weight, quantity of colloid and follicular epithelial height and ultrastructural characteristics. During estrus, the thyroid gland is composed of small and medium follicles. The follicular cells contain mitochondria with lamellar cristae, well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex and large number of dense bodies. During early and mid-pregnancy, thyroid gland composed mostly of small follicles. The characteristics of the follicular cells are the well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and numerous dense granules. Colloid droplets are observed in the cytoplasm. These findings are associated with a high rate of thyroid activity. Towards the end of pregnancy, the large follicles are noticed in the thyroid gland in addition to medium sized follicles. The follicular cells of large follicles contain inconspicuous Golgi apparatus, a few mitochondria and rudimentary rough endoplasmic reticulum, suggesting a low rate of thyroid activity. During lactation, the thyroid gland as in estrus is composed of medium to small sized follicles. The ultrastructural features of thyroid follicular cells indicate that these cells are synthetically very active.
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  • Maki Yamamoto, Shinji Handa, Shigeyuki Kawano
    2011 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 157-161
    Published: June 30, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2011
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    The unicellular green microalgal genus Stichococcus Nägeli propagates by binary fission. In the present study, we measured the DNA content of Stichococcus bacillaris Nägeli in propidium iodide stained nuclei using laser scanning cytometry (LSC). Using the nuclei of Ulva compressa Linnaeus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen as references, the nuclear genome size of S. bacillaris was calculated as 80 Mbp. This value is approximately 4 times larger than that of Nannochloris bacillaris (20.3 Mbp), another member of the Trebouxiophyceae that propagates by binary fission.
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  • Jigyasa Purohit, Arun Kumar, Marlykynti Hynniewta, Rama Rao Satyawada
    2011 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 163-169
    Published: June 30, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2011
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    Karyomorphological studies have been conducted in 10 different accessions of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (Linn.) Taub., an important gum-yielding grain legume belonging to family Fabaceae. All the root tip cells analysed had shown the 2n number of chromosomes as 14. Characteristic differences among accessions have been observed in karyotypes which were characterized by the presence of mostly either metacentric (V) or submetacentric (L) chromosomes. Only 4 accessions were characterized by the presence of telocentric (I) chromosomes too. An odd number of V, L, and I types were observed in a few accessions. The significance of karyotypic variation among accessions and its relevance in speciation and evolution of the genus Cyamopsis has been discussed in detail.
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  • Shuichiro Tagane, Misa Yasuda Tagane, Werapon Ponragdee, Taksina Sansa ...
    2011 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 171-175
    Published: June 30, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2011
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    Erianthus is a genus related to sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) and is considered to be useful as a genetic resource for sugarcane breeding because of its advantageous characteristics, such as its high biomass yield, robustness, drought tolerance, and disease resistance. In order to evaluate and classify Erianthus germplasms collected in Thailand, the chromosome numbers of 7 accessions of E. procerus and 13 accessions of E. arundinaceus were examined. All accessions of E. procerus have a chromosome number of 2n=40, while E. arundinaceus displays 2 cytotypes, 2n=40 and 2n=60. These observations suggest that various Erianthus genetic resources are present in Thailand.
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  • Nao Kawano, Daichi Susaki, Narie Sasaki, Tetsuya Higashiyama, Masahiro ...
    2011 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 177-184
    Published: June 30, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2011
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    Gametophytic cells in the female embryo sac, the egg, the central and the synergid cells have unique roles in sexual reproduction in higher plants. To investigate their cell-specific features, an efficient method of distinguishing and isolating each gametophytic cell is required. By testing the activities of several cellulase enzymes, we modified our previous cell isolation method and succeeded in isolating each cell from the Torenia and Lindernia species. We also established genetic markers that show specific expression patterns in each gametophytic cell. These markers, together with the cell isolation method, will be useful for analyzing the function of gametophytic cells.
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  • Fabiana Firetti-Leggieri, Itayguara Ribeiro da Costa, Lúcia G. ...
    2011 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 185-191
    Published: June 30, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2011
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    Anemopaegma (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae) includes 45 species distributed from Mexico to Northeastern Argentina. The genus is monophyletic and well supported by morphological and molecular characters. However, the delimitation of species within Anemopaegma is complex. In this study, we determined chromosome numbers and interphase nuclei structure for 5 shrubby species of Anemopaegma, 3 of which belong to the Anemopaegma arvense species complex. While most shrubby species analyzed were polyploids (2n=4x=80), polyploidy was not encountered among the climbing members of the genus. Furthermore, interphase nuclei was shown to vary among species. In particular, A. album was the only species that presented semi-reticulate interphase nuclei, while A. glaucum and A. scabriusculum presented areticulate nuclei. Anemopaegma acutifolium and A. arvense, on the other hand, presented an interphase nuclei structure that was intermediate between the areticulate and semi-reticulate types. Overall, our findings suggest that ploidy level may have had an important role in the diversification of the Neotropical genus Anemopaegma.
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  • Muhammad Shafique Tahir, Noor-Ul-Islam Khan, Sajid-Ur-Rehman
    2011 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 193-199
    Published: June 30, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2011
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    The 2 species G. hirsutum and G. arboreum were crossed and triploid hybrid (AAD) was developed as a first step of crossing. The triploid is sterile and its hybridity was confirmed with morphological traits and DNA based SSR markers. The chromosome analysis at metaphase-I exhibited 13AA bivalents and 13D univalents at most of the PMC's studied which also confirmed its triploid nature. The mean chromosome pairing association was recorded as 12.90% (univalent), 10.45% (bivalent), 0.45% (trivalent), and 0.48% (tetravalent). The formation of multivalents depicted genome association between 2 species. The further utility of synthesized triploid with respect to the development of CLCuV resistant introgression genotypes is discussed
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  • Kyoko Sato, Takahiro Yamazaki, Yoshikane Iwatsubo
    2011 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 201-212
    Published: June 30, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2011
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    Chromosome numbers of Taraxacum albidum were examined in 1308 plants collected from 202 localities throughout the distribution areas of this species in Japan. The species had 2n=32 (tetraploid), 39 (hypopentaploid) and 40 chromosomes (pentaploid). Out of 1308 plants examined 88 (6.7%) were tetraploids, 1219 (93.2%) were pentaploids and a plant was a hypopentaploid. Tetraploids were distributed exclusively in Kyushu, whereas pentaploids throughout all the distribution areas in Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu. Pentaploids had 2 forms of karyotypes, whereas tetraploids showed a uniform karyotype. Thus, 2 forms of pentaploids in karyotype are considered to be distinct clones.
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  • Imtiyaz Hussain Mir, Ashok Channa
    2011 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 213-218
    Published: June 30, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2011
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    The ultrastructural and histochemical characteristics of mucous cells and their functional significance in the gills of Schizothorax curvifrons were studied with the objectives that this study could serve as a basis for further studies in relation to histopathology, aquatic toxicology and stress conditions in aquaculture and natural or polluted environments. The electron microscopical analysis of the gills following fixation in Karnovsky's fluid and post fixation in osmium tetraoxide revealed that the mucous cells were covered by epithelial cells and their major part was occupied by firmly arranged large mucous globules of different electrodensities, displacing their nuclei towards the basal position. The cytoplasmic extensions and islets among the mucous globules and the cellular interdigitations between mucous cells and neighbouring cells were present and the release of mucin by exocytosis was also observed. Utilizing histochemical techniques that included methods of periodic acid Schiff (PAS) reaction and alcian blue method (AB pH 2.5) for localization of neutral and acid mucopolysaccharide secreting mucous cells showed that the gill epithelium was lined by mucous cells which were found to be PAS and AB positive, confirming the presence of both neutral mucous cells secreting hexose containing mucosubstances and acidic mucous cells secreting weakly acidic sulphated mucosubstances and sialomucins. The possible roles of the mucous cells and the products secreted by them have been discussed in this paper.
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  • B Chromosomes and NOR Banding
    Lilian Cristina Jorge, Sebastián Sanchez, Orlando Moreira Filho
    2011 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 219-222
    Published: June 30, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2011
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    The fish of the genus Prochilodus, commonly known as sábalo, are of great economic and ecological importance. Different species of this genus are widely distributed throughout all the basins of South America. Cytogenetic analysis performed on specimens of Prochilodus lineatus from Puerto Abras (Paraná River, Argentina), revealed the occurrence of 54 chromosomes of meta-submetacentric type, together with the presence of small supernumerary chromosomes with intra and interindividual variations. The use of the 18S rDNA probe confirmed the results obtained with Ag-NORs, identifying the presence of a metacentric chromosome pair with ribosomal cistrons in interstitial position in the long arm. Through both of these techniques are noted differences in the size of the nucleolar regions, this variation is probably related to the occurrence of events of duplication and/or deletion.
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  • Mousona Islam, Sheikh Shamimul Alam
    2011 Volume 76 Issue 2 Pages 223-227
    Published: June 30, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2011
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
    One released (HC-95) and 2 wild (CPI-72126 and KE-1) germplasms of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) were studied to characterize their karyotypes. These germplasms were found to possess 2n=36 chromosomes. Except 2 sub-metacentric chromosomes in CPI-72126 and 1 in HC-95, all the chromosomes of these germplasms were metacentric. No significant difference in the range of chromosomal length and total length of 2n chromosome complements was found among these germplasms. These features revealed that the germplasms have symmetric karyotypes. Four orcein stained satellites were observed in KE-1 and CPI-72126. No satellite was found in CMA and only 2 in DAPI (KE-1). The differential staining property indicated that some satellites were AT-rich and other stain specific. No DAPI band was found in 3 germplasms. However, the number and distribution of CMA bands indicated that each germplasm has distinct CMA-karyotype and thus could easily be characterized.
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