All issues
Volume 71, Issue 2
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Maged Mahmoud Abou-El-Enain2006 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 93-100
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSChromosome numbers were determined and karyotypes were analyzed in 54 individuals from 9 populations representing 9 species of Campanula viz. C. alliariaefolia, C. carpatica, C. glomerata, C. lactiflora, C. raddeana, C. rigidipila, C. rotundifolia, C. siegizmundi and C. trachelium. The recorded diploid chromosome number in all the populations examined was 2n=2x=34, except in C. glomerata (2n=2x=30) and C. rotundifolia (2n=4x=68). Chromosome numbers in each of C. rigidipila and C. siegizmundi are scored for the first time, whereas those of the other species had confirmed previous reports. The karyotype parameters used were significantly differentiated in the species and the interspecific relationships were consistent with the current taxonomic delimitations. The evolutionary trends of the species based on their chromosomal data in relation to the morphological attributes and the geographical distribution were assessed.View full abstractDownload PDF (490K) -
Thamara Figueiredo Gaiani, José Carlos Tavares Carvalho, Jos&ea ...2006 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 101-106
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe use of medicinal plants by the general population is an old and still widespread practice, which makes studies of their mutagenicity essential. Rosmarinus officinalis, long used in folk medicine, is used as an antispasmodic in renal colic and dysmenorrhoea, in relieving respiratory disorders, to stimulate growth of hair and has choleretic, hepatoprotective and antitumerogenic activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clastogenic potential of the Rosmarinus officinalis hidro-alcoholic extract in vivo on bone marrow cells of Wistar rats by evaluating the induction of chromosome aberrations and micronuclei induction on polychromatic erythrocytes. The extract was administered by gavage at doses of 6.43, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. Experimental and control animals were submitted to euthanasia 24 h after the treatment. R. officinalis extract did not induce statistically significant increases in the average numbers of micronucleus or chromosome aberrations in the test systems employed.View full abstractDownload PDF (197K) -
Narayana V. Nair, Muthumani Praneetha2006 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 107-109
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSChromosome number of three new accessions of Erianthus arundinaceus (Retz.) Jeswiet, a wild relative of sugarcane, collected recently from the Andaman-Nicobar group of Islands was determined. The two collections from the Middle Andaman (Andaman Group of Islands) were recorded 2n=40, while the third collection from Katchal Island of the Nicobar group of islands was found to be 2n=60. The Andaman-Nicobar Islands are located in the Bay of Bengal between the Indian subcontinent, the Malay Peninsula and the Indonesian Archipelago, which are the major areas of diversity for the species. There are two distinct groups of E. arundinaceus, one with 2n=40 present in the Indian subcontinent and the other with 2n=60 distributed in the Indonesia-New Guinea region. Obviously the clones collected from the Middle Andaman with 2n=40 are of Indian Origin, while the one from the Katchal Island with 2n=60 belongs to the Indonesian group. Evidently both Indian and Indonesian forms of Erianthus arundinaceus are present in the Andaman-Nicobar group of islands. This is the first report on the chromosome number of the E. arundinaceus from the Andaman-Nicobar Islands.View full abstractDownload PDF (111K) -
Harbhajan Kaur*, Shina Chhabra, Vikas Suman, and Manisha Gupta2006 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 111-118
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSEurydema pulchrum Westw. and Bagrada cruciferarum Kirkadly (Pentatomidae) show 2n=14=12A+XY. Autosomes show gradation in size, X is of medium size while Y is the smallest element. Both X and Y are positively heteropycnotic in diffused stage but become isopycnotic in diplotene stage and divide equationally during meiosis-I. At metaphase-II, X and Y get associated, the association being strong forming a pseudobivalent XY in Eurydema pulchrum while weak in Bagrada cruciferarum. A definite pattern of arrangement of the chromosomes is seen at metaphase-II.
Cletus bipunctatus Westw. and Serinetha augur Fabr. (Coreidae) show 2n=17=14A+2m+XO and 2n=13=10A+2m+XO respectively. The complement in both the species is conspicuous by the presence of 2 microchromosomes and absence of Y element in males. Microchromosomes form achiasmatic bivalent at meiosis-I. X undergoes equational division at metaphase-I while at metaphase-II it remains outside the metaphase plate and is added to one of the pole as a precocious element in Cletus bipunctatus and as a laggard in Serinetha augur.View full abstractDownload PDF (415K) -
Sitesh C. Biswas, Amal K. Biswas2006 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 119-123
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSCytogenetic investigation was carried out in 2 gamma-ray induced semisterile plants for 2 consecutive years in Ornithogalum virens L. They were characterized as translocation heterozygotes I and II (TH-I and TH-II). Meiotic analysis revealed regular presence of a quadrivalent in the microsporocytes of both the plants at diakinesis and metaphase I. Close association of the quadrivalent with nucleolus was the unique feature in TH-I. This might happen through reciprocal translocation between 2 non-homologous pairs of chromosomes, 1 pair possessing secondary constrictions. Non-adherence of the quadrivalent with nucleolus, on the other hand, rules out involvement of the satellited chromosomes in reciprocal translocation and quadrivalent association in TH-II. Chain shaped quadrivalent was more common in TH-I than ring configuration, while the reverse was true for TH-II, possibly due to variation in the size of the interchanged segments. Longer segments offering better scope of chiasma formation may facilitate origin of a ring of four; but a chain quadrivalent may arise due to shorter size of interchanged segments providing little or no chance of chiasma. Quadrivalent association may be primarily attributed for pollen sterility which enhanced possibly due to high incidence of ring configuration and adjacent orientation in TH-II. Conversely, frequent occurrence of chain quadrivalent and alternate orientation might have restored fertility appreciably in TH-I. Anaphasic anomalies were identical in both.View full abstractDownload PDF (116K) -
Leila P. da Conceição, Ana Lúcia P. C. de Oliveir ...2006 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 125-129
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThis work has as its purpose to analyze the Epidendrum cinnabarium species, which can be found within the “Environment Protection Area of Abaeté Lakes and Dunes” (“Área de Proteção Ambiental das Lagoas e Dunas de Abaeté”)-APA/Abaeté, Salvador, Bahia State-Brazil. As for the cytogenetic aspects it aims at determining the chromosome number, on the ploidy level, the types of interphasic nuclei, and at evaluating the possible meiotic irregularities of this species. In the mitotic analysis, radicular meristem has been pre-treated with 8-hydroxyquinoline and colored with aid of the Feulgen method. In order to carry out the meiotic analysis, microsporocytes were prepared by squashing and staining with 0.2% propionic carmine. The results showed 2n>240, suggesting the occurrence of poliploidy, an interphasic nucleus of the semi-reticulate type with the presence of chromocenters displaying a variable number, besides an irregular meiotic behavior, with the presence of laggard chromosomes and laggard chromatids, as well eventually anaphasic bridges and a low percentage of abnormal tetrads.View full abstractDownload PDF (160K) -
Anju Bajpai*, and Anaud K. Singh2006 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 131-136
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSCytogenetical analysis was done in tropical species of papaya that is widely cultivated for its fruits and papain production. The proper and orderly chromosome behavior of the species is a perquisite to ensure high fertility and seed set in the crop. A study on pre-meiotic and post-meiotic stages was done on commercially important cultivars of India and few exotic cultivars. The meiosis in the flower buds was highly disturbed and many meiotic irregularities were recorded from the material fixed in summar. These ranged from chromosome stickiness (44%), chromatin bridges (21.1%), laggards (4.8), chromosome diminution/degeneration (5.2), and micronucleus (5.9%) formation, in the commercially important varieties. Pollen stickiness accounting for persistent pollen adherence in groups of 3–10 was observed in all the varieties ranging from 85.95% in cv. CO2 to 11.64% in CO5. Callose deposition on tetrads accounting for adhesion of pollen grains (permanent tetrads) was also observed. These were found to have a profound effect on the pollen fertility of the cultivars, wherein most of the commercial papaya cultivars had less than 50% of fertile pollen. Thus the role of meiotic irregularities in poor seed setting and seed production capacities under northern Indian conditions, specifically during the summer season has been established. Genetic or abiotic stress factors could be responsible for inducing such kind of anomalies, which are manifested in the form of pollen sterility and poor seed setting. Crop regulation strategies need to be evolved, so that the maximum seed set and fruit production occurs after this period to off set the restrictions imposed due to irregular meiosis.View full abstractDownload PDF (232K) -
Jack R. Edelman1,*, and Yue J. Lin2006 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 137-140
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSHuman cells from a variety of diseases, as well as controls, were fixed in Carnoy's solution, air-dried onto slides, incubated in phosphate buffer, and stained with Giemsa. Close microscopic examination revealed that in most cells, the nucleus contained a ring-like structure at the nuclear periphery. The ‘ring’ resembled a cusp or seam in structure, and was even seen in cells that had not been incubated. It is not known whether this ‘ring’ is a real structure or an artifact of the staining procedure. While the function of the ‘ring’ is unknown, it may act as a seam to maintain the integrity of the nuclear membrane or may serve as a storage magazine for the synthesis/repair of the nuclear membrane.View full abstractDownload PDF (366K) -
Okihito Yano, and Takuji Hoshino*2006 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 141-147
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSChromosome numbers were determined for 61 individuals of Eleocharis kamtschatica, collected from 4 localities in Japan and 1 locality in Alaska. Seven continuous intraspecific aneuploids of 2n=41–47 were found, and those with 2n=41, 43, 45, and 47 are reported for the first time here. The most common number was, 2n=42, found in 36 (59%) of the individuals studied. The plants with 2n=42, 44, and 46 had 34 small chromosomes and 8–12 large chromosomes. The number of large chromosomes increased as the aneuploid number increased, and the size of the large chromosomes did not differ among aneuploids, suggesting that aneuploidy in E. kamtschatica might have arisen by chromosome duplication and not agmatoploidy. The 2n=45 plants had an intermediate karyotype of 2n=44 and 46, and might have originated from the hybridization of 2n=44 and 2n=46. However, the 2n=41=10L+31S, 2n=43=8L+35S and 2n=47=10L+37S most probably originated from nondisjunction during meiosis or an irregular meiosis configuration with multivalent chromosomes.View full abstractDownload PDF (513K) -
Moumita Mukherjee, and Animesh K. Datta*2006 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 149-152
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSSecondary association of chromosomes at metaphase I was noted in 61.94%, 60.00%, 50.38% and 21.74% meiocytes of Ocimum tenuiflorum–green type (2n=36), O. gratissimum (2n=40), O. canum (2n=26) and O. kilimandscharicum (2n=76) respectively. Secondary polyploidy has been attributed as the possible cause of secondary association of chromosomes and statistical analysis of cytological data revealed that the basic chromosome number in the species is 12 (x=6 for O. canum) with probable origin from x=6 through polyploidy.View full abstractDownload PDF (534K) -
Neelu Joshi, Arun Kumar, Satyawada Rama Rao, Sunil Dutta Purohit2006 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 153-159
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSKaryomorphological studies were carried out in seven accessions of Chlorophytum borivilianum collected from the states of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. All the accessions were found to be tetraploid with 2n=28 chromosomes which were resolved into 7 groups, each comprising 7 homologous chromosomes. All the accessions had submetacentric chromosomes in high proportion while metacentrics, telocentrics and subtelocentrics recorded were very few in number. Nucleolar chromosomes were recorded in 5 (PBL-1, PBL-2, PBL-4, PBL-5 and PBL-7) out of the 7 accessions studied. The karyotypes of all the accessions were more or less symmetrical. The role of karyotypic variation in speciation and evolution of the genus Chlorophytum has been discussed in detail.View full abstractDownload PDF (350K) -
Alongkoad Tanomtong, Sumpars Khunsook, Wiwat Kaensa, Ruengwit Bunjongr ...2006 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 161-167
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSCytogenetics of 5 macaque species from genus Macaca in Thailand were studied using lymphocyte cultures and high-resolution techniques. Their chromosome numbers are 2n=42, 20 pairs of autosome, and 1 pair of sex-chromosome. M. arctoides and M. mulatta have a fundamental number (NF) 84 in male and female but the others have 83 in male and 84 in female. They have 6 large, 4 medium, 8 small metacentric chromosomes and 8 large, 12 medium, 2 small submetacentric chromosomes respectively. M. fascicularis and M. mulatta have medium metacentric X chromosome. M. assamensis, M. nemestrina and M. arctoides have medium submetacentric X chromosome. M. arctoides has small submetacentric Y chromosomes, M. mulatta has small metacentric Y chromosomes, while M. assamensis, M. fascicularis and M. nemestrina have small telocentric Y chromosomes. By using G-banding in metaphase and high-resolution technique in late prophase, the results show that the bands are 274, 273, 273, 275, 273 and 351, 350, 350, 352, 350 respectively. Their autosome and X chromosome are similar but their Y chromosome is different. The NOR is on the short arm of chromosome 13. The largest is the metacentric chromosome. The smallest is theY chromosome. Thus X and Y chromosomes can use for identification.View full abstractDownload PDF (1259K) -
Ehab Abdel-Razik Kamel2006 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 169-174
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSIn this study, karyotype criteria of 14 genotypes of Triticum aestivum L. in addition to one genotype of Triticum durum Desf. are described and polyploid variations are discussed. Detailed karyotype features, i.e. total chromosome length (TCL), mean chromosome length (MCL) and karyotype asymmetry expressed as arm ratio (MAR), total form percent (TF %), intrachromosomal asymmetry (A1) and interchromosomal asymmetry (A2), are also described.View full abstractDownload PDF (453K) -
Naznin Hiron, Nazmul Alam, Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, Rabeya Begum, Sheikh ...2006 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 175-180
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSHibiscus cannabinus var. HC-2 (2n=2x=36) and H. sabdariffa var. HS-24 (2n=4x=72) were cytogenetically and biochemically studied to elucidate their genomic homology. Both the species possessed only metacentric chromosomes. The range of chromosome length of these 2 species was 1.43–3.80 μm. Both the species showed a gradual decrease in chromosome length. Six CMA-positive bands were found in both the species. Two entirely CMA-positive banded chromosomes were found in both the species. Twenty six DAPI-positive bands were found in H. cannabinus var. HC-2. In H. sabdariffa var. HS-24, 14 DAPI- positive bands appeared. These bands were distributed in different location of respective chromosomes. Two chromosomes of H. cannabinus var. HC-2 and 8 chromosomes of H. sabdariffa var. HS-24 were entirely banded with DAPI. The entirely CMA- and DAPI-banded chromosomes were unique and could be used as marker. In H. cannabinus var. HC-2, a pair of satellites was found in orcein and CMA-staining. No satellite was found in DAPI-staining indicates its GC-rich nature. The activity of acid phosphatase and peroxidase was found similar in both the species. However, the 2 species showed different activities for esterase. The karyotypes (conventional and fluorescent) and electrophoresis pattern (acid phosphatase and peroxidase) indicates that either out of 2 different genomes in H. sabdariffa var. HS-24, 1 is very close to that of H. cannabinus var. HC-2 or H. sabdariffa var. HS-24 and H. cannabinus var. HC-2 may have derived their part of genomes from a common ancestor.View full abstractDownload PDF (319K) -
Sangeeta Srivastava*, and Prashant Shekhar Gupta2006 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 181-188
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSMolecular studies to characterize genetic resources of sugarcane for use in breeding programmes require DNA extraction from several clones simultaneously so the DNA isolation procedures should be rapid, cheap, simple and easy to perform. Seven rapid protocols differing with respect to the composition of extraction buffers and DNA precipitation methods were compared to assess the quantity and quality of genomic DNA extracted from leaf material of different sugarcane genotypes. The DNA obtained was quantified and tested for quality, restriction digestion and PCR amplification using RAPD, SSR and ISSR primers. Two CTAB based methods essentially standardized over sugarcane were found most suitable for both large and small-scale isolation of DNA based on the purity, quality, quantity, applicability for PCR and stability upon storage. A third protocol also produced DNA of sufficient utility, however it requested further modifications.View full abstractDownload PDF (535K) -
Kanganahalli N. Venkatachalapathy, and Hosagavi P. Puttaraju*2006 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 189-196
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSInvestigations on mitotic and meiotic metaphase chromosomes from brain, testes and ovaries of the uzi fly, Blepharipa zebina a tachinid endoparasite of the non-mulberry silkworm, Antheraea mylitta (Lepidoptera: Saturnidae) larvae are presented. The karyotype has 5 pairs of submetacentric chromosomes and are arranged in a graded series. All the chromosomal pairs are homomorphic in both male and female. The karyotype of this species is compared with those of other cytologically known Dipterans, which exhibit heteromorphic chromosomal pairs. None of the pairs exhibited complete heterochromotic nature to mark the difference between sex chromosomes and autosomes when C- and Q-banding technique was applied. This is in contrast to the karyotype of another uzi fly, E. sorbillans a tachinid endoparasite of mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori and other cyclorraphan insects.View full abstractDownload PDF (183K) -
Raghvendra Saxena, and Amaresh Chandra*2006 Volume 71 Issue 2 Pages 197-204
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: April 01, 2007
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThirty genotypes of Dichanthium annulatum collected from natural grasslands observed all tetraploid (2n=4x=40) in nature with reported basic chromosome number 10. Of the 30 accessions, 56.6% showed only bivalents and 42.33% exhibited at least 1 or more quadrivalents formation. Accession IG97-130 only showed 2 univalents formation at diakinesis. These lines were histologically analyzed under control and imposed water stress showed variation in levels of shrinkage in stomata, parenchyma and companion cells. Accessions like IG-3108, IGTGD-4, IGKMD-10 and IGBANG-D-2 indicated more shrinkages of stomata and other cells in stress whereas IG95-30, IG97-234 and IG97-233 indicated least and rest of the accessions showed moderate level of changes in stomata and associated cells. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was employed to characterize these 30 lines. The 25 primers, selected from 150 initially screened, generated 208 amplification products of which 175 (84%) amplicons were polymorphic. Statistical analysis was carried out using NTSYS-pc software and a dendrogram was generated using Dice's similarity coefficients. The values for similarity ranged from 0.62 to 1.00. Cluster analysis showed 2 major clusters apart from the isolation of IGBANG-D-2 accession from the 2 major clusters. Cluster I consists of 13 and II of 16 accessions and these 2 joined at the similarity of 0.73. Three accessions showing least histological changes in stomata and associated cells clustered in cluster I. The Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) of RAPD markers with 30 Dichanthium genotypes ranged from 0.11 to 0.50 and Marker Index (MI) from 0.44 to 5.86 indicated suitability of such markers for genetical analysis of Dichanthium.View full abstractDownload PDF (418K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|