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Volume 67, Issue 1
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Fawzia A.E. AlyArticle type: Others
Subject area: Others
2002 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages 1-7
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2003
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe induction of chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) by lead acetate was investigated in mouse bone-marrow cells in vivo and in culture mouse spleen cells. In the in vivo study, mice were treated orally by gavage with 5 dose levels of lead acetate 25, 50, 75, 100 and 150 mg/kg body wt. A repeated dialy dose of 10 mg/kg body wt. was given for 15 successive days (Cumulation dose 150 mg/kg). A statistically significant difference in the percentage of chomosome aberrations was determined with the high and repeated doses. Lead acetate induced a significant and dose-dependent increase in SCEs frequency in mouse bone-marrow. The in vitro study, the concentrations 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 15 μg/ml were tested for the induction of chromosome aberrations and SCEs. Lead acetate at 5, 10, 15 μg/ml caused a high percentage of metaphases with chromosome aberrations after treatment of the cell cultures for 24h. The frequency of SCEs/cell increased with increasing concentration of lead acetate. It reached 12.44±0.45/cell (p<0.01) after treatment with highest dose (15 μg/ml) compared with 5.37±0.57 in the control. In conclusion, in both used models the study demonstrated that lead acetate produced genotoxic effect.View full abstractDownload PDF (541K) -
André L.L. Vanzela, Ana C. Swarça, Ana L. Dias, Renata S ...Article type: Others
Subject area: Others
2002 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages 9-13
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2003
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe synthetic (GA)9+C sequence was used as probe for in situ hybridization in chromosomes of wheat (Triticum aestivum), fishes (Imparfinis schubarti, Steindachneridion scripta, Rineloricaria latirostris), mouse (Akodon nigrita), and frog (Rana catesbiana). Differences were observed in localization and intensity of probe signals among these karyotypes. In wheat, stronger hybridization signals were observed at interstitial regions while weak signals were mainly at sub-centromeric ones. In Imparfinis schubarti, (GA)9+C microsatellite were highly clustered at the telomeric regions of all the chromosomes. In S. scripta they appeared disperse along the chromosome arms but are also observed bright signals at some telomeric regions, and in Rineloricaria latirostris only one chromosome pair shows detectable FITC signal, near to the NORs sites. In R. catesbiana, only few and weak signals were observed at some centromeric and interstitial regions. Akodon nigrita showed hybridization sites on the pericentromeric regions. The (GA)9+C microsatellite varies extensively from species to species in the amount and dispersion patterns, supporting what is already known about families of repeated DNA.View full abstractDownload PDF (577K) -
S. Jena, P. Sahoo, S. Mohanty, A.B. Das, P. DasArticle type: Others
Subject area: Others
2002 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages 15-24
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2003
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDetailed karyotype analysis and cytophotometric estimation of in situ 4C nuclear DNA amount as well as interphase nuclear volume (INV) were carried out in Aegialitis rotundifolia, Suaeda nudiflora and Thespesia populnea found in the mangrove forests of Orissa, India. Somatic chromosome number 2n=26, 34 and 54 were noted in T. populnea, A. rotundifolia, S. nudiflora respectively. Karyotype analysis revealed numerical variations and minute structural alterations of somatic chromosomes in different species. Critical analysis of nuclear DNA also showed significant variations in the 4C DNA content. S. nudiflora, a mangrove associate, showed variations at the ploidy level in root meristematic cells suggesting existence of cytotypes in the natural population. Significant correlation was found between chromosome length, volume and 4C DNA content.View full abstractDownload PDF (887K) -
Edson Luis Maistro, Claudio Oliveira, Fausto ForestiArticle type: Others
Subject area: Others
2002 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages 25-31
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2003
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSWe investigated the chromosome complement of Rhamdia hilarii using C-banding, silver nitrate and CMA3 staining, and chromosome digestion with 9 restriction endonucleases (RE). The results revealed that this species has 2n=58 to 2n=60 chromosomes, with the numerical variation being due to the presence of 1 or 2 metacentric B-chromosomes. The C-banding pattern showed a small amount of heterochromatin in A-chromosomes and heterochromatin in both telomeric regions of B-chromosomes. The Ag-NOR and CMA3 staining revealed that the rDNA loci were located in the terminal position on the short arm of a pair of submetacentric chromosomes. The heterochromatin of the B-chromosomes was not stained brightly with CMA3 showing that these regions segments are not GC-rich. Chromosome digestion with different REs permitted the identification of homologous chromosome pairs in some cases. On the basis of the results, we discuss some aspects of chromosome structure and the origin of the B-chromosomes in Rhamdia.View full abstractDownload PDF (1399K) -
Souria M. DonyaArticle type: Others
Subject area: Others
2002 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages 33-39
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2003
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe ability of the 2 cephalosporins antibiotics “Cefadroxil” and “Cefaclor” to induce chromosomal abnormalities in mouse spermatocytes was investigated. Male Swiss mice were treated orally by gavage once with the doses 40, 80, 160 mg kg-1 b.wt. of “Cefadroxil” and 20, 40, 80 mg kg-1 b.wt. of “Cefaclor” and samples were taken 24 h after the treatment. A repeated daily treatment with therapeutic does of 40 mg “Cefadroxil” kg-1 b.wt. and 20 mg “Cefaclor” kg-1 b.wt. were given for 14 successive days samples were taken 24 h post treatment. The percentage of chromosomal aberrations in diakinesis-metaphase I spermatocytes increased in a dose dependent manner and was found to be statistically significant after high and repeated doses. It reached 6.0±0.5% and 5.6±0.7% (P<0.05) after treatment with 160 mg “Cefadroxil” kg-1 b.wt. and 80 mg “Cefaclor” kg-1 b.wt. respectively compared with 21.6±0.9% after treatment with “Mitomycin C”. The repeated doses of 14×40 mg “Cefadroxil” kg-1 b.wt. and 14×20 mg “Cefaclor” kg-1 b.wt. induced 7.4±0.6% and 6.0±0.7% (P<0.01) respectively. The 2 cephalosporins induced abnormal chromosomal associations including univalents (X-Y) and autosomal univalents) as well as structural chromosome aberrations. “Cefadroxil” and “Cefaclor” induced a dose-dependent increase in the percentage of abnormal sperm heads. Its highest value was 5.05±0.70% and 4.39±0.79% (P<0.05) after oral treatment with “Cefadroxil” and “Cefacolr” respectively, compared with 17.65±0.44 (P<0.01) after treatment with “Mitomycin C”. The results indicate that cephalosporines antibiotics “Cefadroxil” and “Cefaclor” have a remarkable cytogenetic effect on spermatocytes and sperm heads of the mouse when used as high and repeated doses.View full abstractDownload PDF (605K) -
Ricardo A. Lombello, Eliana R. Forni-MartinsArticle type: Others
Subject area: Others
2002 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages 41-45
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2003
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSOnly 2 chromosome counts are reported for Lophanthera, an Amazonian arboreal genus with 5 species that belongs to sub-family Byrsonimoideae. Cytological studies were carried out in Lophanthera lactescens Ducke to verify the haploid and diploid chromosome numbers (n=6, 2n=12) of a previously unstudied population. The meiotic process was regular and no abnormalities were found. The first chromosomal ideogram for the genus was constructed and shows a predominance of metacentric pairs (5m+1sm). In order to explain the increased lengths of its chromosomes (5.3μm to 11.8μm) and the primitive position of the genus in Malpighiaceae, in situ hybridization with a telomeric probe was performed. We observed the distribution of the telomeric sequences. No interstitial sequences were found. In addition to the symmetric karyotype observed, this assay indicates that probably no fusion or translocations of segments has occurred along the karyotype evolution of Lophanthera.View full abstractDownload PDF (511K) -
U.R. Acharya, S.S. Das, M. MishraArticle type: Others
Subject area: Others
2002 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages 47-52
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2003
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSIn spite of the principal applications of Cadmium (Cd) in a variety of consumer and industrial based materials, the metal, during the recent past, has been branded as a potent environmental pollutant causing serious health hazards to almost all the organisms of the biosphere including human beings. The extensive mutagenic and carcinogenic spectrum of the metal, has warranted the humanity to restrict the undesired and abuse of the metal so as to save the planet from its dangerous clutches. The main objective of the present study is to demonstrate the effects of Cd on male germinal cells, the progenitor of sperm. The study reveals the generation of significantly higher quantities of reactive oxygen species(ROS) in Cd-treated Swiss mice testes which have detrimentally affected the germ cells consequently posing significant decline in sperm count compared to the untreated controls. Furthermore, the ROS generated through Cd catalysis have affected developing germ cells so as to produce varieties of morphologically abnormal sperm, the frequency of which increased significantly in Cd-treated mice than the controls. However, supplementation of vitamin C and E to Cd-treated mice, drastically reduced the generation of ROS, thereby significantly escalating sperm count and declining the frequency of abnormal sperm population. The study emphasises the possible role of the ROS in inducing sperm abnormality by way of altering specific gene loci in germ cell chromosomes. The probable role of the aforementioned vitamins in relieving the ROS-related injury to the germ cells has been discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (647K) -
S. Giri, G.D. Sharma, A. Giri, S.B. PrasadArticle type: Others
Subject area: Others
2002 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages 53-59
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2003
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSMalathion, a commonly used insecticide, is reported to be genotoxic in various test systems both in vivo and in vitro. However, no report on its genotoxic activity in avian test system could be found. In the present study, the genotoxic potential of technical grade malathion was investigated in chick in vivo. Malathion (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg) induced significant dose-dependent increase in the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in the bone marrow cells following i.p. as well as p.o. routes of exposure. A significant decrease in mitotic index (MI) was observed for the highest dose (10 mg/kg) tested. In the peripheral blood cells, significant increase in the frequency of MN could be observed for the higher doses (5, 10 mg/kg) tested. Our results indicate that technical grade malathion may be considered as a mutagenic compound in chicks and is cytotoxic at higher doses.View full abstractDownload PDF (472K) -
P. Balarama, V. PadmajaArticle type: Others
Subject area: Others
2002 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages 61-66
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2003
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSExplicit investigations were made on seedling explants of Cajanus cajan (L.) Mullspaugh for understanding culture conditions that optimise callus production and its maintenance. MS medium supplemented with NAA/IAA (5 mg/l) and KN (1 mg/l) was congenial for cytoledon and cotyledonary node explants, while for leaf segment explant, 3 mg/l of NAA/IAA and 1 mg/l of KN was found to optimise profuse callusing. Precise protocols were provided for callus induction and maintenance from diverse explants.View full abstractDownload PDF (465K) -
P. Balarama, V. PadmajaArticle type: Others
Subject area: Others
2002 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages 67-73
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2003
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSGenetic upgradation of the cultivated species, Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh the protein rich pulse crop of tropics was sought through interspecific hybridization involving wild species of the genus as donors for the desirable genes. F1 hybrids obtained between C. cajan×C. cajanifolius and C. sericeus×C. cajan were characterized. On the other hand, C. cajan×C. platycarpus and C. cajan×C. scarabaeoides crosses yielded hybrid pods containing shrivelled, non-viable seed. Based on the data, crossability relationships and phylogenetic affinities among C. cajan and the 4 wild species were elucidated.View full abstractDownload PDF (586K) -
Kohzaburo Fujikawa-Yamamoto, Teruaki Ikeda, Shiyong Wang, Hiroko Yamag ...Article type: Others
Subject area: Others
2002 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages 75-82
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2003
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSTo examine cellular changes after diploid-tetraploid transformation in mammalian cells, tetraploid Meth-A cells, which were established from diploid cell line, were compared to the parent diploid cells for serum dependence of growth. Tetraploid Meth-A cells showed a high tolerance for low serum concentrations and could proliferate in a serum-free medium, differing from the parent diploid cells. It was suggested that diploid-tetraploid transition of Meth-A cells resulted in induction of a new cellular function, being that hyperploid cells can proliferate in sever circumstance for nutriments.View full abstractDownload PDF (734K) -
Youssuf A.M.H. Gherbawy, Hani M.A. AbdelzaherArticle type: Others
Subject area: Others
2002 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages 83-94
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2003
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSPythium spinosum var. spinosum and Pythium spinosum var. spoanriiferum, 2 varieties of Pythium spinosum were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of wheat grown in Bear-Elmansura zone (The New Valley Governorate, Egypt) and from the mud soil at the bank of Sheatan Lake (Tunisia), respectively. Cardinal temperatures, mycelial growth, zoospore production, and morphological features using light and electron microscopy under different conditions revealed that the 2 isolates studied were distinct different varieties. The randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) banding patterns of 8 isolates of Pythium spinosum generated by 3 random oligonucleotides showed a very high level of variation, allowing these isolates to be separated into 2 groups. These results support the separation of Pythium spinosum into 2 varieties. The 2 varieties were proved to be highly pre-emergence damping-off pathogenic pythia against cucumber germinating seeds.View full abstractDownload PDF (2077K) -
K. Tsunewaki, K. Murai, S. Ohta, G.-Z. WangArticle type: Others
Subject area: Others
2002 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages 95-104
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2003
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSAegilops triuncialis is an amphidiploid between Ae. umbellulata and Ae. caudata. RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis of the chloroplast DNAs in a world collection of this species distinguished 3 types of accessions; one with chloroplast DNA similar to that of Ae. umbellulata, the second with DNA similar to that of Ae. caudata, and the third differing distinctly from the first two. This third type of chloroplast DNA was present only in the Baku (Azerbaijan) population of Ae. triuncialis. Our investigation, which used plasmon analysis followed by genome and morphological analyses, led to the conclusion that accessions of this population should be reallocated to Ae. kotschyi, for the following reasons: (1) Transfer of the plasmon of a third type accession, No. 2972, to 12 common wheat genotypes showed that this plasmon’s effects on various wheat characters differ markedly from those of the Ae. umbellulata and Ae. caudata plasmons but are similar to those of the Ae. kotschyi and Ae. variabilis plasmons. (2) Reinvestigation of RFLP data on organellar DNAs reported previously supports the above findings. (3) Observations of meiotic chromosome pairing, and the pollen and seed fertilities of the F1 hybrids between Accession 2927 and a few standard accessions of Ae. triuncialis, Ae. kotschyi, and Ae. variabilis showed that the genome of Accession 2927 is homologous to the genomes of the last 2 species. Moreover, (4) morphological studies indicated that all 5 accessions of the Baku population belong to Ae. kotschyi, not to Ae. triuncialis. Our present investigations show that plasmon analysis provides critical information for the correct classification of a plant taxon whose taxonomic allocation is problematical. In addition, our findings show that the Ae. kotschyi collection at Kyoto University formerly thought to be missing samples from Transcaucasia, covers the entire distribution area.View full abstractDownload PDF (731K)
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