-
M. N. Narkhede, J. G. Bhowal
1988 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages
1-5
Published: March 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Chromosomes 1A, 1B, 6B and 5D have been found to be satellited in all the four bread wheat varieties studied. These chromosomes have been found to be quite differentiated from one another in length and morphology. Chromosome 6B was unique amongst them in having a tertiary constriction in its long arm. Chromosome 5D was also quite distinct in having a satellite at right angle curve at MI.
The four varieties Cadet, Sonora 64, Red Bobs and S-615 have shown considerable variation in length and some in morphology of the chromosomes at MI and AII. In general, Cadet has been found to have the longest chromosomes and Sonora 64 the smallest. The varieties Red Bobs and S-615 come intermediate between them.
View full abstract
-
Marcela Adriana Ciccioli
1988 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages
7-17
Published: March 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
In
Calomys musculinus (Rodentia, Cricetidae) the meiosis was studied. Diffuse stage was described with conventional and special techniques, and its chronological location was certainty determined through histological sections.
Analysing the distribution and frequency of chiasmata a process of terminalisation was detected from diplotene up to metaphase I. Studying separately the decrease of the mean of interstitial chiasmata (ich), the increase of the mean of terminal associations (ta), and the development of the relationship ta/tch (terminal associations/total chiasmata number) between diplotene-diakinesis and between diakinesis-metaphase I, significant differences were founded.
Sequential events of pairing of the XY pair through the formation of their synaptonemal complex in pachytene at O.M. were analyzed. Data obtained allowed to consider the association between X and Y chromosomes as achiasmatic.
View full abstract
-
Christine Kreutz-Jeanmaire, Jean Dexheimer, Joëlle Gerard
1988 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages
19-32
Published: March 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Toutes les associations mycorhiziennes à vesicules et arbuscules étudiées par les auteurs présentent une organisation ultrastructurale identique, mais dans un cas, ils ont observé des hyphes intercellulaires organisés en pseudoréseau de Hartig.
Les cellules de l'hôte infectées par l'endophyte sont caractérisées par une augmentation très importante du volume cytoplasmique et le développement d'une grande surface plasmalemmique autour de l'arbuscule. Ce plasmalemme néoformé présente des propriétés plasmalemmiques typiques, mais leur association en fait une membrane possédant des propriétés différentes du plasmalemme périphérique de la même cellule ou du plasmalemme d'une cellule non infectée.
Diverses activités enzymatiques (ATPase, NDPases, phosphatases acides et alcalines) ont été localisées au niveau ultrastructural. Les auteurs proposent un modèle de fonctionnement de ce type de mycorhize.
View full abstract
-
L. Sankari Ammal, K. V. Bhavanandan
1988 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages
33-36
Published: March 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Cytological and morphological studies in a natural diploid hybrid of
Egenolfia have been carried out. The hybrid showed irregular meiosis with the formation of bivalents and univalents at metaphase I and micronuclei at telophase I and II and in the tetrads. The hybrid showed close resemblance with two diploid species of
Egenolfia,
E. appendiculata and
E. asplenifolia which showed normal bivalent formation during meiosis. It is suggested that
E. appendiculata and
E. asplenifolia would be the putative parents of the present hybrid taxon. The high percentage of bivalent formation (82.8%) in the hybrid is suggestive of the persistence of sufficient chromosomal homologies in the parents which facilitate appreciable chromosomal pairing in the hybrid derivative.
View full abstract
-
M. K. Khosla
1988 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages
37-44
Published: March 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
F
1 interspecific hybrids were produced both ways by crossing
O. viride and
O. suave species. A detailed comparative cytomorphological studies of these F
1 hybrids and their parents have been made. The hybrids are intermediate in their vegetative characters as compared to their parents and are highly sterile. Their detailed meiotic studies have shown that there exists a colse homology between one of the two genomes present in each of the species. The genomes of
O. viride are classified as A'+C and of
O. suave as C'+D, and that of F
1 hybrids as A'+C+C'+D.
View full abstract
-
D. Colombera, T. Nishikawa, F. Tagliaferri
1988 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages
45-51
Published: March 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Chromosomes of 13 enterogonid ascidians from the Pacific coasts of Japan were studied. The haploid number 20 was reported for
Aplidium yamazii,
A. multiplicatum,
A. pliciferum and
A. sagamiense; n=15 for
Diplosoma mitsukurii; n=14 for
Ciona intestinalis and
C. savignyi; n=17 for
Perophora japonica; n=11 for
Ascidia sydneiensis samea and
A. sydneiensis divisa; n=9 for
Ascidia ahodori and
A. rhabdophora; and n=8 for
A. zara. The unique chromosome number found in
A. sydneiensis among Ascidiidae was discussed briefly, in relation to the peculiar mantle musculature in this species. A new technique was employed for chromosome preparations of the ascidians, which allows one to examine the tissues kept in the Carnoy fixative solution 3:1 followed by 50% acetic orcein for a month.
View full abstract
-
S. S. Bir, Manju Sahni, C. P. Singh
1988 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages
53-57
Published: March 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
As a result of chromosomal analysis of various populations of five species of genus
Sporobolus it has been found that (i) morphologically distinct tetraploid (n=12) and hexaploid (n=18) cytotypes for
S. diander and diploid (n=9) and tetraploid (n=18) cytotypes for
S. marginatus exist in nature, (ii) cytomixis leading to aneuploid numbers characterises
S. helvolus and (iii) abnormal meiosis results in reduced pollen fertility in
S. indicus.
All the five species are polyploids. On the basis of cumulative world wide data 83% of the species of genus
Sporobolus are polyploids and intraspecific cytotypes exist in a large number of species. This calls for taxonomic revision of the genus in the light of cytomorphological evidence.
View full abstract
-
D. Subramanian, M. Munian
1988 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages
59-66
Published: March 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Cytotaxonomical studies pertaining to 21 species of South Indian Araceae have been made. First record of chromosome number has been made in
Scindapsus aureus,
Arisaema wightianum,
Alocasia macrorrhiza var.
variegata,
Cryptocoryne retrospiralis and
Syngonium albolineatum. Chromosome numbers determined in the present study range from 2n=14 to 2n=68. Karyotypes in the family also show differences in absolute chromosome size indicating changes in nuclear DNA in evolution and mostly acentric chromosomes showing a derived feature.
As evidenced by the present investigation, it is concluded that both aneuploidy and euploidy play important role in the origin and evolution of the species studied.
View full abstract
-
Species from the Plains
D. Subramanian
1988 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages
67-72
Published: March 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The chromosome number of 18 species coming under 6 genera of Cyperaceae from South India has been studied. Chromosome numbers determined in the present study range from 2n=16 to 2n=96.
Chromosome numbers determined in the present study and those reported previously in the family reveal the presence of a continuous series of basic numbers between n=8 to n=48. The primary basic number of the family may be n=8 and from this other basic numbers should have originated by means of aneuploidy and euploidy. Along with these karyotype alterations of chromosomes also play important role in evolution.
Karyotypes in the family also show differences in absolute chromosome size indicating changes in nuclear DNA in evolution.
View full abstract
-
Daniel Corach, Nestor O. Bianchi, Lidia Vidal-Riaja
1988 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages
73-79
Published: March 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The main DNA characteristics of the South American cricetid rodents
Calomys musculinus and
C. laucha were investigated and compared. The two DNAs were found similar in CsCl buoyant density and Tm values. Reassociation kinetics analysis showed three repetitive and one single copy DNA components in both species. Interspecific differences in the repetition frequency of Intermediate I component and in the complexity of the Slow component were revealed by the later approach. Relevant to the species difference was the finding of a high melting fraction in the DNA of
C. musculinus. This fraction isolable by chromatographic thermal elution procedures was found to be enriched in highly repetitive DNA sequences. For each DNA specific electrophoretic patterns were obtained after Alu I digestions.
View full abstract
-
O. P. Sharma, N. K. Tripathi
1988 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages
81-86
Published: March 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The present paper reports female heterogamety in two fish species collected from Jammu water bodies. A diploid chromosome count of 2n=52 in male and 2n=51 in female of
Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Cobitidae) has been recorded with ZZ male and ZO female sexchromosome make up. In case of
Trichogaster fasciatus (Belontiidae) 2n=48 has been observed in both the sexes, the male being homogametic (ZZ) and the female being heterogametic (ZW).
View full abstract
-
D. Subramanian
1988 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages
87-92
Published: March 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
16 taxa coming under 10 families occurring in the Mangroove forests of Tamilnadu, have been studied cytologically, of which first record of chromosome number has been made in lanceolate leaf type of
Sesuvium portulacastrum,
Rhizophora candelaria,
Ceriops roxburghiana,
Bruguiera conjugata,
Avicennia marina,
Suaeda maritima,
S. monoica,
Arthrocnemum fruticosum,
Aegiceros corniculatus and
Ilysanthes tenuifolia.
n=18 may be the common primary basic number of the vegetation and from this the basic numbers 8, 9, 11, 12 and 15 should have arisen by decrease of chromosome numbers and the basic numbers n=19, 20, 22 should have originated by increase of chromosome numbers.
Smaller size of chromosomes and mostly chromosomes with submedian and subterminal constrictions are the other advanced cytological characters of the mangroove vegetations studied.
View full abstract
-
Tomosaburo Yabuno
1988 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages
93-96
Published: March 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Echinochloa obtusiflora Stapf is an annual diploid species (2n=2x=18) distributed in Northern Nigeria, East Cameroun and the Sudan. This species is characterized by the markedly obtuse apexes of spikelets and lower glumes.
A cormous diploid strain was collected in Kitale, Kenya and has been treated as
E. pyramidalis.
These two diploids were partially self-incompatible, and intersterile. Their F
1 hybrid was cormous perennial like the Kenyan diploid strain, and the spikelets and lower glumes were shortly cuspidated at the tips like those of the Kenyan strain. The F
1 hybrid consistently formed 9 bivalents at MI, indicating that
E. obtusiflora and the Kenyan diploid strain are the carriers of the same genome. Cytologically the Kenyan diploid strain can be recognized as a related taxon of
E. obtusiflora.
View full abstract
-
Karyotypic analysis of species and races of Asiatic cottons based on chromatin content
M. N. Gennur, S. N. Kadapa, A. F. Habib, J. V. Goud
1988 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages
97-105
Published: March 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Karyotypic analysis of
Gossypium herbaceum (races
persicum and
wightianum) and
G. arboreum (race
indicum and
bengalense) with two races in each species has been made on the basis of smallest, largest and absolute chromosome length. It is concluded that at species level
G. herbaceum is primitive to
G. arobreum and at racial level
parsicum is primitive to
wightianum in
G. herbaceum and
indicum is primitive to
bengalense in
G. arboreum
View full abstract
-
Karyotypic analysis of species and races of Asiatic cottons based on nucleolar chromosomes and symmetry of karyotype
M. N. Gennur, A. F. Habib, S. N. Kadapa, J. V. Goud
1988 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages
107-114
Published: March 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Karyotypic analysis of
Gossypium herbaceum and
Gossypium arboreum has been made taking the parameters like number of chromosomes having secondary constriction and satellite, position of centromere
i. e. number of median, submedian and subterminal chromosomes, F%, TF%, relative length of individual chromosomes and relative length of shortest chromosome. It is concluded that at species level
G. herbaceum is primitive to
G. arboreum and at racial level
persicum is primitive to
wightianum in
G. herbaceum, and
indicum is primitive to
bengalense in
G. arboreum.
View full abstract
-
M. R. Vijayaraghavan, Nidhi Gautam, Usha Bhat
1988 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages
115-122
Published: March 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
In
Linum usitatissimum, the endothelium stains well for nucleic acids and histones. In endosperm, the staining intensity for histones, DNA and RNA increases during embryogeny. The basal and terminal cells of the two-celled proembryo are equally stained for DNA, nucleolar RNA and histones. The terminal cell is stained deeply with Pyronin Y. The embryonal cells stain intensely for these macromolecules than the suspensor cells. In a dry seed the staining intensity of histones and nucleic acids is low but after germination it increases in the shoot apex and leaf primordia.
View full abstract
-
Major Singh, V. K. Khanna
1988 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages
123-130
Published: March 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
R. Vitturi, E. Catalano
1988 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages
131-138
Published: March 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The haploid number of chromosomes n=12+h and the diploid values 2n=25 in males, and 2n=26 in females, have been determined for three geographically separated populations of
Theodoxus meridionalis (Neritidae). A male XO sex-determining mechanism has been observed for this species.
View full abstract
-
M. Venkateswarlu, M. V. Rajam, K. Subhash
1988 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages
139-145
Published: March 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Mutagenic studies have been made after single and combined treatments of gamma rays, ethylmethane sulphonate (EMS) and hydroxylamine (HA) in
Catharanthus roseus of pink flowered form (PFF). The present observations in meiotic system disclosed various types of chromosomal alterations such as different association of chromosomes at diakinesis, unequal disjunction at anaphase I, unoriented chromosomes at metaphase I and II, fragments, bridges with or without laggards, and micronuclei at telophase II. Besides, tetrad abnormalities like monads, dyads, triads and polyads were observed. Similar types of meiotic anomalies were also recorded in mutants like sterile (in which flower modified into vegetative structures), variegated, non-branching and dissected flower. The abnormal phenotype of the above mutants may be attributed to chromosomal alterations. The combination treatments proved to be much effective than individual treatments.
View full abstract
-
V. Dose response, production of micronuclei in root tip meristem
M. Z. Haque, M. B. E. Godward
1988 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages
147-152
Published: March 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The sensitivity of two species and two cultivars of
Lactuca to gamma irradiation, administered to the dry seeds and estimated by scoring of micronuclei, showed marked differences in sensitivity, the most sensitive being
L. serriola and the least sensitive being cultivar Tom of
L. sativa.
View full abstract
-
Hidehiro Hoshiba
1988 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages
153-156
Published: March 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The karyotype of a stingless bee,
Melipona favosa was analysed. The number of chromosomes was n=9, consisted of 6 metacentric, 2 submetacentric and one subtelocentric chromosomes.
The basic chromosome number of the genus
Melipona seems to be n=9. No chromosome common between the genus
Melipona and
Apis was morphologically found in the present study.
View full abstract
-
N. Lakshmi
1988 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages
157-161
Published: March 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Karyotype and meiotic studies have been made on an Indian clone of
Tulbaghia violacea Harv. The chromosome number was observed to be 2n=12. The karyotype is symmetrical with 6 metacentric and 6 submetacentric chromosomes. Two pairs of secondarily constricted chromosomes could be located in Indian clones. Spontaneous chromosome breakage and inversion heterozygosity indicate that evolution in the species is probably by chromosomal repatterning.
View full abstract
-
G. Santhakumari, J. Stephen
1988 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages
163-168
Published: March 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Antimitotic effect of holothurin, a water soluble saponin isolated from the sea cucumber
Holothuria vagabunda, was assessed by Allium test supplemented by autoradiography. Endoreduplication, chromosome clumping, positive and/or negative pycnosis of nuclei, nuclear polymorphism and chromatin extrusion through cytoplasmic buds were the common cytological abnormalities induced by holothurin. Inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis was observed and this may be the molecular mechanism behind the above abnormalities. In all these features holothurin appears to be similar to Adriamycin, currently used in Cancer Chemotherapy.
View full abstract
-
Swapan kumar Chattopadhyay, Shakuntala Nandi
1988 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages
169-173
Published: March 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Mycotoxin AcT
1 produced chromosomal aberrations mainly of clastogen type both in chromatid and chromosome of bone marrow cells of rat. It was capable to produce premature chromosome condensation (PCC) and C-mitosis (anaphase like appearance) effects indicating the toxin to be a potential mutagen.
View full abstract
-
A. Ganapathi
1988 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages
175-179
Published: March 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Cytomorphology of a heptaploid hybrid (2n=7x=84) obtained by crossing
Solanum nigrum (2n=6x=72) with pollen of
S. villosum (2n=4x=48) was studied. From the cytomorphological studies it is suspected that the heptaploid hybrid has originated from an embryo resulting in fertilization of reduced egg-cell of
S. nigrum by non-reduced male gamete of
S. villosum. The hybrid exhibits irregular meiosis and 14.38 per cent pollen stainability. It is concluded, on the basis of chromosome pairing behaviour of hybrid, that
S. villosum has participated in ancestry of
S. nigrum.
View full abstract
-
In vivo chromosomal aberration bioassay in root meristems of Allium and Hordeum
I. S. Grover, P. K. Malhi
1988 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages
181-191
Published: March 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The genotoxic effects of three organophosphorus pesticides viz. ekatin, fenitrothion, phorate and MNNG (N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine) employing
in vivo chromosomal aberration bioassay in root meristems of
Allium and
Hordeum have been investigated. Both physiological type aberrations like C-mitosis, despiralization, lagging chromosomes, multipolar cells as well as clastogenic effects like chromosome breaks, ring chromosome, chromatin bridges and micronuclei were induced by these pesticides. The order of radiomimetic potential was found to be phorate>fenitrothion>ekatin. The root meristem of
Allium cepa was found to be more sensitive.
View full abstract
-
VI. Nucleolar organization in genus Tulipa L. (Liliaceae)
A. K. Koul, Anima Langer, B. A. Wafai
1988 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages
193-198
Published: March 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
In tulips secondary constrictions have been reported in very few species and these reports are highly controversial. Diploid, var.
chrvsantha and tetraploid, var.
stellata of
Tulipa clusiana respectively have 8 and 11 NORs per complement which is confirmed by the formation of as many nucleoli in root tip nuclei. The disparity in the reports made so far is on account of the terminal position (in long arm) and minute size of the satellites. They can conveniently be revealed by Feulgen staining.
View full abstract
-
V. Padmaja
1988 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages
199-204
Published: March 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Anomalus meiotic behaviour was recorded in two plants of
P. axillaris (Lam.) B.S.P. (2n=14). Meiotic irregularity was associated with diploid chromosome number in one plant, while in the other, chromosome instability and aneuploidy prevailed. Abnormalities such as persistent stickiness of chromosomes from late diplotene stage onwards, diffused arrangement of chromosomes at first metaphase, multipolar spindle abnormality, extreme variability in size of pollen mother cells and pollen grains, and syncyte formation were recorded. Chromosome stickiness observed in one category was attributed to a recessive gene, the expression of which was influenced by temperature, while variation in chromosome number and multiple meiotic anomalies recorded in the other may be due to spindle abnormalities at premeiotic mitotic cell divisions and at meiosis I.
View full abstract
-
Kazuaki Shoji, Kyojiro Masuda, Michizo Sugai, Teisaku Kobayashi
1988 Volume 53 Issue 1 Pages
205-211
Published: March 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Protoplasts were isolated from hypocotyl tissues of seedlings of cultivated sesame,
Sesamum indicum (2n=26). The isolation medium used was CPW inorganic salts solution containing 2.0% Cellulase Onozuka R-10, 0.4% Macerozyme R-10, 0.5% potassium dextran sulfate and 0.7 M mannitol at pH 5.7 with 2hr reciprocal shaking at 25°C.
The 95%. of freshly isolated protoplasts were regenerated the cell wall within 72hr and began to divide in modified MS medium containing 5g/l agar, 2g/l casein hydrolysate, 20g/l sucrose, 109g/l mannitol, 0.3mg/l NAA and 3.0 mg/l BA after 5 days of culture. The some of divided protoplasts developed to colonies of about 1 mm in diameter within 5 weeks of culture in 1% of plating efficiency.
Relative DNA content of nucleus of both protoplasts and colonies was determined microspectrophotometrically with DAPI staining. After 24 hr of culture, the most of the nuclei in protoplasts showed to 2C and 4C in their DNA content. From 3 days of culture, various DNA content of nuclei was observed showing nuclear fusion and DNA synthesis. After 5 weeks of culture, the 84.4% of developed colonies indicated the normal diploid level of nuclear DNA content, whereas the 7.4% indicated to be tetraploid nuclear DNA content which may probably caused on nuclear fusion in the protoplasts, remainder 4.2% indicated the abnormal heteroploidal DNA content between 2C and 4C.
View full abstract
