CYTOLOGIA
Online ISSN : 1348-7019
Print ISSN : 0011-4545
Volume 48, Issue 1
Displaying 1-25 of 25 articles from this issue
  • Luiz Antonio Carlos Bertollo, Catarina Satie Takahashi, Orlando Moreir ...
    1983 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 1-12
    Published: March 25, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Cytogenetic studies were made in two populations of Hoplias sp. (Pisces, Erythrinidae) from the Lobo Reservoir, State of São Paulo, Brazil, and from the Aripuanã River, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The two populations show evidences of multiple sex chromosomes. The animals from the Lobo Reservoir has an X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y mechanism, and those from the Aripuanã River an XX/XY1Y2 mechanism, this representing the first such case described for fishes.
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  • Bandana Bandyopadhyay, S. Bose
    1983 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 13-19
    Published: March 25, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    One recommended variety, each of P. aureus and P. mungo were used to study the cytological effects of single treatments with X-rays, EMS, HA and EI and pre- and post-irradiation treatments with these chemicals. Chemical treatments were given in 0.1% and 0.2% aqueous solutions for 4 hours on each case. Root-tip mitotic studies showed fragments, clumping, chromosome grouping at metaphase and early separation, fragments, laggards and unequal separation at anaphase originating from most of the treatments in both the species. Two polyploid cells were found at metaphase after 10 kR+DW and 0.1% EI+10 kR treatments in P. aureus. Micronuclei were detected in both the species. In P. aureus percentage of aberrant cells was highest after 0.1% EI+10 kR and lowest after 0.1% EMS treatment whereas in P. mungo it was highest after 10 kR+0.2% EI and lowest after 0.1% EMS treatment.
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  • P. B. Khare, Surjit Kaur
    1983 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 21-25
    Published: March 25, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • XII. Effects of the phosphorothioate insecticide dursban on the mitosis of Vicia faba
    Soheir M. Amer, Odette R. Farah
    1983 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 27-33
    Published: March 25, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effects of the phosphorothioate insecticide “dursban” have been studied on root-mitosis of Vicia faba. Two types of treatments were carried out using different concentrations of the insecticide: Seed-soak-treatment for 24 hours, and roottreatment for 4 hours. Both treatments induced a significant percentage of abnormal mitoses, the percentage of which increased as the concentration of the experimental agent increased. The different treatments with dursban did not effect the mitotic index. Disturbed meta- and anaphases where the chromosomes spread irregularly over the cell dominated. Lagging chromosomes and chromosome fragmentation were also observed. Micronuclei were observed in the different mitotic stages.
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  • M. O. Omidiji
    1983 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 35-40
    Published: March 25, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The F1 hybrid of S. aethiopicum×S. macrocarpon was heterotic for height, but intermediate in other characteristics. It was unlike the parents, hairy and spiny being partially fertile with about 9.4% pollen stainability. The mean chromosomes associations was 0.58I+11.60II+0.01III+0.03IV and that of S. macrocarpon was 0.23I+11.51II+0.06III+0.14IV. At MI for the other parent, S. aethiopicum, there were 12II in all the cells. The occurrence of quadrivalents and presence of bridges with fragments in some cells indicate that the species are heterozygous for translocation and inversion. The incidence of similar chromosome association and other aberrations in some cells of S. macrocarpon suggest hybridity for its origin.
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  • I. Effect of dES on the somatic chromosomes of Allium cepa
    R. N. Gohil, Asha Kaul
    1983 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 41-45
    Published: March 25, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effect of diethyl sulphate (dES), a known mutagen, on the chromosomes of Allium cepa has been studied. Three different concentrations of this alkylating agent were tried. While 30 mM concentration has been shown to induce various chromosomal anomalies, 20 mM concentration does not interfere much with the mitotic cycle. 25 mM concentration of this mutagen has c-mitotic effect on the chromosomes of Allium cepa. However, all the three concentrations lower the mitotic index.
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  • A. P. Krishnaja, M. S. Rege
    1983 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 47-49
    Published: March 25, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • V. C. Mercy kutty, H. Kumar
    1983 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 51-58
    Published: March 25, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Tetraploids were induced through colchicine treatment of 1.5-2.0 cm long seedlings in four pea cultivars, namely, T 163 (indigenous), 68 C (W. Germany), 5064-S (Sweden) and P. I. 280064 (Canada). Four hours treatment with 0.025% colchicine produced 10-15% tetraploids. Large seeded cultivars, T 163 and 68 C gave more tetraploids than small seeded ones. Tetraploids showed siginficant varietal differences and were characterised by large stomata, flowers, seeds and pod width and delayed flowering and maturity by 10-15 days while stomata frequency and pod length showed reduction. Both bivalents and quadrivalents were prominent in tetraploid. Chromosome abnormalities were more in T 163 tetraploid (55 per cent cell); laggards were frequent. Pollen and ovule sterility were parallel and ranged from 33 to 85 and 24 to 80 per cent in tetraploid as compared to 0.7 to 5.0 and 0.5 to 3.2 per cent in diploid, respectively. Colchicine treated diploids also showed high pollen and ovule sterility ranging from 16 to 56 and 7 to 56 per cent, respectively but had no chromosome abnormality. The possible role of colchicine and chromosomal abnormalities in reducing fertility were discussed.
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  • Jean Dexheimer
    1983 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 59-78
    Published: March 25, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The author has studied, at an ultrastructural level, the effects of differentiation in a number of cell types: female gametophyte cells in Gingko biloba, leaf gland cells in Hygrophila difformis, root tip, digestive gland cells in Drosera, stipular secretory trichomes in Psychotria bacteriophila, and vegetative cells in pollen grains from Angiosperms.
    Differentiation can be reversible (root tip statocytes and digestive gland cells in Drosera) or irreversible. It can manifest itself as a specialisation of some type of organelle, as an overall cellular organisation (statocytes) or as some special function (vegetative cell in pollen grains).
    The form taken by a given type of specialisation depends on cell type. Thus in mucilage-forming cells, differentiation can be reversible (Drosera cells) or irreversible (mucilage-forming root tip cells and trichomes in Psychotria). The dictyosomes produce large vesicles (root tip and digestive gland cell) or smaller entities (trichomes in Psychotria). But in all cases, the dictyosomes play the most important rôle in secretion and in all types of mucilage-forming cells these organelles show pronounce NDP-ase activity on their forming faces.
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  • Sumita Jha, Sumitra Sen
    1983 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 79-86
    Published: March 25, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The present investigation deals with chromosome study of nine populations of Urginea indica representing the diploid race. The general chromosome morphology of U. indica as a whole is quite distinct. The karyotype is highly asymmetrical both in size and morphology. The populations, however, differ with respect to minute karyotypic details. Chromosomal polymorphism mainly involves the nucleolar chromosomes. The role of structural alteration of chromosomes in the evolution of races is evidenced by detailed analysis of karyotype. The constancy of the karyotype within the population indicates certain adaptibility to the microenvironmental condition to which they are subjected.
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  • G. M. Sinha, S. K. Mondal, S. K. Ghosal
    1983 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 87-93
    Published: March 25, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    1. The duration of individual stages of meiosis and spermiogenesis in Channa punctatus (Bloch) was calculated autoradiographically by using the kinetics of H3-TdR labelled spermatocytes in vivo.
    2. The duration of leptotene, zygotene, diplotene, diakinesis and metaphase I is short while that of pachytene is in between 1.95 and 2.20 days.
    3. The spermiogenesis is completed within 7.80±0.20 days and the labelled spermatozoa were detected at 11.25 d post injection, which is the approximate total duration of meiosis and spermiogenesis.
    4. The ratio of the total meiotic duration to that of spermiogenesis shows statistical agreement with the frequency of occurrence of all meiotic stages and spermatids in the seminiferous tubules.
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  • Z. Abraham, P. Nagendra Prasad
    1983 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 95-101
    Published: March 25, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A system of chromosome classification and nomenclature based on arm ratios and centromeric indices from both the long and short arms is proposed. This will enable one to determine the correct position of centromere to name the chromosomes according to the known centromere locations. A table embodying nomenclature, notation, the arm ratio values and the values of centromeric indices is presented to serve as a key for chromosome classification. The advantage of the present system over the other systems is discussed with the help of a few examples.
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  • N. S. Nehra, P. K. Sareen, S. D. Chitkara
    1983 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 103-107
    Published: March 25, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The genus Zizyphus showed a high degree of polyploidy. Chromosome number of cultivar Umran (Z. mauritiana Lamk.) was found to be 2n=48 whereas in the other cultivar Illaichi of same species it was 2n=96. The chromosome number of two wild forms viz. Gola ber and Boradi was also recorded as 2n=96. Another wild form Jhar ber (Z. rotundifolia Lamk.) showed variation in chromosome number. The chromosome number was either 2n=48 or 72. The association of chromosomes to nucleolus during meiosis and formation of multivalents was also noticed. The evolution of polyploid forms and its impact have also been discussed.
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  • II. Male meiosis in the progeny plants of tetraploid Allium tuberosum Rottl. ex Spreng
    R. N. Gohil, A. K. Koul
    1983 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 109-118
    Published: March 25, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Details of male meiosis have been studied in a seed progeny of autotetraploid desynaptic Allium tuberosum. Of the fifty plants scored four were aneuploids; two each with 31 and 33 chromosomes. There is a lot of variation in the pairing behaviour of the chromosomes of these plants. The frequency of desynaptic cells is considerably increased. The male sporogenous tissue of the progeny plants is chimeric with cells having zygoid and double the zygoid number of chromosomes. Meiosis in the pollen mother cells with zygoid number of chromosomes is abnormal characterized by the presence of multivalents, bivalents and univalents at metaphase I and unequal distribution of chromosomes, presence of chromatin bridge/s and fragments and laggards at anaphase. Male meiosis in the cells with double the zygoid number is perfectly normal with the formation of bivalents only resulting in equal separation of chromosomes at anaphase.
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  • P. Abhayavardhani, Y. S. R. K. Sarma
    1983 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 119-130
    Published: March 25, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Two concentrations, 10-1M and 10-2M of cysteine, cysteamine and 2-mercaptoethanol were used to study modifying effects of both pre-treatment and posttreatment on irradiation damage caused by UV light (156.6×103 ergs/mm2) in two desmid taxa Cosmarium subturgidum and Closterium sigmoideum. Survival percentage in materials treated with UV alone (control) were also determined.
    10-1M and 10-2M concentrations of cysteine and cysteamine provided protection to the test algae, against UV induced damage in both Pre- and Post-treatments, although the extent of protection was lower in post-treatment as compared to pre-treatments.
    Mercaptoethanol proved protective at 10-2M conc. in pre-treatment experiments and this protective effect was enhanced in the post-treatment experiments. While a higher concentration (10-1M) in post-treatments proved to be extremely synergistic to UV killing.
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  • Guillermo Thode, Jesus Cano, Ma Carmen Alvarez
    1983 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 131-138
    Published: March 25, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Somatic chromosomes of 4 species of mediterranean gobies are examined. Cells from gills, kidney and spleen were used after treatment with colchicine. The haploid DNA content in picograms and chromosomal number values were respectively: Gobius cobitis, 0.66, 2n=46; G. paganellus, 0.71, 2n=46; G. bucchichi, 0.46, 2n=40; G. niger, 0.68, 2n=50. The chromosome number of G. bucchichi and the DNA values of the four species are given for the first time. Only G. paganellus and G. niger showed sexual heteromorphic chromosomes. An evolutionary diagram for the four species as well as a sex determination mechanism XX/XY are proposed.
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  • P. B. Kirti, M. Bharathi, U. R. Murty, N. G. P. Rao
    1983 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 139-151
    Published: March 25, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Morphology of chromosomes at the pachytene stage of meiosis was studied in three diploid species of Arachis, viz., A. chacoense and A. villosa (the A-genome species) and A. batizocoi (the B-genome species). They were identified individually on the basis of total length, arm-ratio, nucleolus attachment, and proportion and disposition of heterochromatin. Idiograms were given to individual species. The A-genome is characterised by the presence of the small A-chromosome, which was completely heterochromatic and a single chromosome with heterochromatic shortarm. The B-genome is characterised by the absence of the A-chromosome and the presence of two chromosomes with heterochromatic short arm. The individual chromosomes of all the three species were compared to those of groundnut. The possibility for the derivation of the genomes of A. hypogaea from A, villosa or a species similar to that, and A, batizocoi has been discussed.
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  • Avinash Chandra, K. H. Makde
    1983 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 153-156
    Published: March 25, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Studies on gamma irradiation induced translocations were made in two rowed cultivated barley. Four mutants (TMB-25, TMB-27, TMB-28 and TMB-30) showing translocation rings of different orientations were identified in M3, M4 and M5 generations. The pollen viability of these mutants ranged from 92.2 to 96.0 (%). All the four mutants showed superiority over the control in respect of grain yield, tillering ability and protein contents. The mutant TMB-28 was dwarf and resistant to lodging, whereas TMB-27 and TMB-30 matured 18 and 19 days early, respectively than control. Therefore these mutants may be utilized in breeding programmes for imparting the respective characters to the commercial variety of barley.
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  • A. S. Shehab
    1983 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 157-162
    Published: March 25, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
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    The mitotic effect of two compounds of cyanine dyes were studied. The two compounds affected the mitotic frequency and the phase index. The most frequent abnormalities were the disturbed type and despiralization. Stickiness, bridges, laggards, breaks and fragments and binucleate cells were also mentioned.
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  • A. P. Singh
    1983 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 163-175
    Published: March 25, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Pinus radiata needle primordia were examined for ultrastructural features of their epidermal cells. Epidermal cells consisted of thin walls, a thin cuticle over the outer tangential wall, plasmodesmata in all except the outer tangential wall, moderately dense cytoplasm with poorly differentiated plastids, abundant mitochondria, dictyosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum, cortical microtubules, and several small vacuoles. A prominent nucleus with often two or more nucleoli was characteristic of these cells.
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  • John W. Bickham, James J. Bull, John M. Legler
    1983 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 177-183
    Published: March 25, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Standard karyotypes of carettochelyid and trionychid turtles are similar. The pitted-shelled turtle, Carettochelys insculpta (2n=68), and three species of softshelled turtles, Trionyx spiniferus, T. ferox and T. sinensis (2n=66) were examined. Chromosomal banding patterns are the same among the species of Trionyx studied, but substantially different from non-trionychoid turtles. Karyotypic similarity supports previous morphological studies that indicate the families Carettochelyidae and Trionychidae are closely related or that both families are distantly related to other turtles.
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  • Sandra Gómez-Arroyo, Rafael Villalobos-Pietrini
    1983 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 185-193
    Published: March 25, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    It was demonstrated that two salts of chromium, namely potassium dichromate and calcium chromate, induced alterations in the chromosomes of Vicia faba root tip cells. These alterations consisted of subchromatid types (subchromatid bridges), chromatid types (single bridges with and without single fragments, and single fragments), chromosome types (double bridges with and without double fragments, and double fragments), chromosomes with inactivated centromere, isochromosomes and micronuclei.
    These chromium salts did not produce a delay on the showing up of aberrations and they were capable of inducing lesions on the chromosomes in all the phases of the cell cycle, that meant they had an S-independent effect. It was also noted that they produced an enlargement of the cell cycle.
    The effects observed could be due to the direct binding of chromium to nucleic acids and nucleoproteins or to the action of the enzymes liberated from lysosomes resulting from the damage produced by chromium.
    On a concentration basis potassium dichromate affected the chromosomes as efficiently as calcium chromate in plant cells.
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  • K. G. Raja Rao, O. Aniel Kumar
    1983 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 195-199
    Published: March 25, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In a population of local cultivar of chillies three desynaptic plants were isolated. Meiotic studies in the mutant plants and the normal showed reduced chiasma frequency and pollen fertility in the desynaptics. The desynaptic plants of the present study fits into weak and medium strong types. The mutant condition followed a monogenic pattern of inheritance. The earlier work on desynapsis and the present findings are compared and discussed.
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  • Mantu De, A. K. Sharma
    1983 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 201-207
    Published: March 25, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
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    Cytomixis has been observed throughout the year in the pollen mother cells of an apomictic ornamental Ervatamia divaricata (Linn.) Alston (var. single). The frequency of cytomixis was found to be more (8.66-13.95%) during the months of March to June in all the plants. Direct fusion of two pollen mother cells and involvement of a series of PMC's by one or more cytoplasmic connections were also noted.
    The regular occurrence of this behaviour in all the individuals and in successive years suggests the possibility of genetic control of the process, manifestation being dependent on physiological state of the tissue. Cytomixis, coupled with irregular number and other genetic factors, might have contributed to the failure of sexual reproduction. The absence of seed setting does not indicate any significant role of cytomixis in generating variability in this species.
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  • Suchitra Chattopadhayay, A. K. Sharma
    1983 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 209-214
    Published: March 25, 1983
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Chromosome studies have been carried out on diploid, triploid and tetraploid populations of Costus speciosus distributed in the Eastern Himalayas. Detailed karyotype analysis with suitably modified techniques shows a wide range of structural alterations of chromosomes even within populations of the same ploidy level. Meiotic data reveals 18 bivalents in the tetraploid and varying numbers of bi and univalents, with rare occurrence of trivalents, in the triploids. These observations suggest the role of allopolyploidy and structural alterations of chromosomes in the evolution of these cytotypes.
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