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Volume 76, Issue 3
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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Manjit Inder Singh Saggoo, Devendra Kumar Srivastava, Punam Grewal2011 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 231-236
Published: September 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2012
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSChromosome numbers, meiotic course and pollen viability were given for 14 species of genus Nepeta L. collected from different localities in Lahaul-Spiti, Kulu, Chamba, Kinnour and Sirmour districts of Himachal Pradesh, India. Except for N. leucophylla (2n=4x=36, tetraploid), all the other 13 species (N. campestris, N. connata, N. discolor, N. eriostachya, N. elliptica, N. govaniana, N. graciliflora, N. leucolaena, N. linearis, N. longibracteata, N. podostachys, N. spicata and N. supina) were diploid (2n=2x=18). Analysis of result shows that the majority of Indian Nepeta species are present with x=9.View full abstractDownload PDF (4621K) -
Preeti Srivastava, Girjesh Kumar2011 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 237-241
Published: September 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2012
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSSafflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a diploid crop having 2n=24 chromosomes. Two different plant types, heterozygous for reciprocal translocation (P-1 and P-8), showing marker phenotypic traits with weaker morphology and reduced seed formation as compared to their normal counterparts were isolated in an induced mutant population of a gamma irradiated set. The 2 induced translocation heterozygotes (P-1 and P-8) exhibited the formation of a ring or chain of 4 chromosomes along with 4 bivalents in the majority of PMCs at diakinesis and metaphase-I. The quadrivalents appeared both in ring and chain configurations but ring configuration was more frequent being 53.56% in P-1 and 48.82% in P-8. Besides this, other configurations like trivalents and univalents, along with variable numbers of bivalents, could also be observed at metaphase I. At anaphase-I, both the translocation heterozygotes showed various abnormalities as well: although some PMCs showed normal 12 : 12 separation, the most common and frequent separation to be encountered in this plant was 11 : 13 with 26.21% in P-1 and 28.17% in P-8. Besides this, bridges and laggards were also recorded as prominent abnormalities. Pollen fertility was found to decline to 50.55% in P-1 and 48.12% in P-8 against 98.00% in the control sets. The percentages of pollen abortion, seed formation and ovule fertility percentage were much higher in the first generation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1686K) -
Manoj Madhwanand Lekhak, Mayur Dhondiram Nandikar, Shrirang Ramchandra ...2011 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 243-248
Published: September 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2012
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe genus Flemingia Roxb. ex Ait. & Ait. f. is represented by c. 30 species distributed in the old world tropics. India is home to 16 species and 2 variety of which 5 species and 1 variety are endemic. The genus is of great economic potential as some species are source of dyes while others are used as root crops. In addition to this Flemingia is one of the wild relatives of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (pigeonpea). Keeping all this in mind, the present paper aims at karyotypic studies in F. nilgheriensis (Baker) Wight ex T. Cooke, an endemic plant species. The Chromosome number, 2n=22 is reported for the first time in this species and the karyotype is found to be highly symmetrical (1a).View full abstractDownload PDF (2431K) -
Zhenying Wang, Qian Li, Jianye Zhao, Yongkang Peng2011 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 249-259
Published: September 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2012
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSTo investigate the mechanism with which the phosphoric amide herbicide works, the effects of microtubule inhibiting herbicide amiprophos methyl (APM) on microtubule (MT) and proteomic were analyzed in the meristem cell and the mesocotyl, root, and leaves of maize. The immunofluorescence analysis showed that APM inhibited the spindle assembly in the cells during metaphase and anaphase when root meristems were treated with 10 μM APM for 12 h. Condensation of spindle, unequal spindle and multipolar spindle were observed, resulting in the formation of chromosome condensation in metaphase and unequal segregation of chormosome in anaphase. The frequency of these abnormal cells increased with the duration of treatment. Proteomics analysis revealed that 28 protein spots were altered, including the appearance of 15 new protein spots and the disappearance of 13 pre-existing proteins in the mesocotyl, root, and leaves. MALDI-TOF MS analysis of 10 protein spots has identified as cold acclimation protein WCOR615, ubiquitin, maturase K, an ubiquitin-like protein, Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase in mesocotyl, Ferrdoxins, 2,4 Dienoyl-CoA reductase in root, ATP-dependent protease, retrotransposn in leaves and an unnamed protein, which were involved in diverse biological processes, including protein synthesis and degradation, mRNA folding and splicing, cell cycle progression and signal transduction, energy metabolism and defense response. These results suggest that the herbicide APM is a specific chemical that interrupts microtubule dynamics and influences the expression of a number of proteins, which may be served as putative biochemical markers to monitor the toxicity of the herbicide in plants.View full abstractDownload PDF (7023K) -
Santosh Bala, Raghbir C. Gupta2011 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 261-267
Published: September 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2012
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe present investigations have been made on 37 wild species including 76 accessions in 29 genera covering 3 families–Acanthaceae, Lamiaceae and Scrophulariaceae of the Bicarpellatae series of subclass gamopetalae. Chromosome numbers and detailed meiotic course, along with pollen fertility, have been studied for each species on its accession basis. New reports are recorded as B-chromosomes: Ajuga bracteosa (n=32+0–2B), Calamintha clinopodium (n=18+0–1B) and Hemigraphis latebrosa (n=12+0–2B) and Veronica anagallis-aquatica (n=18+2B); varied chromosome counts: Calamintha clinopodium (n=18), Hemigraphis latebrosa (n=12), Justicia diffusa (n=16) and Lindenbergia indica (n=25); euploid cytotypes: Lepidagathis hyalina (n=30) and Veronica persica (n=7). Two species, Veronica persica (n=7, 14) and Veronica anagallis-aquatica (n=18+2B), have been counted for the first time in India. A comparison of morphological characters in the above listed interesting taxa has been made.View full abstractDownload PDF (2159K) -
Loganathan Hema, Nagarajan Murali, Palaniappan Devendran, Sathappan Pa ...2011 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 269-277
Published: September 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2012
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe genotoxic effect of dye effluents was assessed in indigenous goats inhabiting textile industry areas encompassing dyeing and bleaching units by means of mitotic drive, mitotic index, chromosome aberrations and the mean SCEs frequency. Peripheral blood leucocyte cultures were set up with culture medium and pokeweed mitogen. The cultures were supplemented without bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) for chromosome aberrations and with BrdU for the mean SCEs frequency for 2 cell cycles. Air-dried slides were stained with Giemsa for chromosome aberrations and the fluorescent plus Giemsa (FPG) technique was adopted for the display of sister chromatid differentiation and the estimation of the mean SCEs frequency. No gross structural and numerical chromosome abnormalities were noticed in all animals screened based on G-banding and karyotyping. The mitotic drive for the control and exposed populations was 37.58±1.29 and 26.13±0.78%, respectively. The mitotic drive in exposed population was significantly (p<0.01) lower when compared to control animals. The mitotic index for the control and exposed populations was 12.49±0.42 and 11.49±0.43%, respectively. Though there was a decrease in mitotic index in the exposed population, it was not statistically significant. The frequency of SCEs did not follow the Poisson distribution in both the control and exposed populations of goats. The pooled mean±S.E (range) of SCEs frequency for the control and exposed populations of goats were 4.83±0.16 (1–11) and 12.98±0.16 (8–19), respectively. There was significant (p<0.01) increase in the mean SCEs frequency of goats (exposed) reared in industrial areas. The number of SCEs in chromosome 1 was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that expected from relative chromosomal length.View full abstractDownload PDF (8474K) -
Massoud Ranjbar, Roya Karamian, Zahra Hajmoradi2011 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 279-294
Published: September 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2012
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSChromosome number, meiotic behaviour and morphological characters related to habit and pollen grains were studied in 8 populations of Trigonella disperma of Trigonella sect. Ellipticae native to Iran. All populations are diploid and possess a chromosome number of 2n=2x=16, which is consistent with the proposed base number of x=8. This taxon displayed regular bivalent pairing and chromosome segregation at meiosis. However, some meiotic abnormalities observed included varied degrees of sticky chromosomes with laggards and bridges in metaphase I or II, asynchronous nuclei in metaphase II, desynapsis in metaphase I, and cytomixis. This paper reports the first known study of the meiotic chromosome number and behaviour of T. disperma. We evaluated and determined the population limits within T. disperma, employing multivariate statistics. Results from meiotic behaviour supports the phenetic grouping. We found a striking association between morphological patterns of the pollen grains, meiotic behaviour and habit morphology. Our results showed that Iranian populations of T. disperma represent the same chromosome, suggesting that the pollen size in different populations can be served to obtain useful information. The environment of origin seems to have an effect on the chromosomes within different populations.View full abstractDownload PDF (3356K) -
Mio Ohnuma, Osami Misumi, Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa2011 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 295-300
Published: September 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2012
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSPhototaxis of 2 cyanidiaceae, Cyanidioschyzon merolae and Cyanidium caldarium, was studied by population experiments. We found that cells of both C. merolae and C. caldarium moved towards light in liquid medium, but that the degree of migration was quite different. When laterally illuminated, most of the C. merolae cells moved towards light at a velocity of 0.27 mm/h. In contrast, only a small proportion of C. caldarium cells showed migration towards light and most of the cells remained dispersed. The exterior cell surface of C. merolae was observed by scanning electron microscopy. It appeared thick and flexible enough to enable crawling movement.View full abstractDownload PDF (3251K) -
G. K. Walia, H. Kaur, J. Kaur2011 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 301-307
Published: September 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2012
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSMale germ cell complement of Pantala flavescens belonging to the family Libellulidae has been investigated. Specimens were collected from the surrounding area of the Harike wetlands in the Punjab state of India. The species possesses 2n ♂=23m as the diploid chromosome number, which is less than the type number, 2n ♂=25m, of the family. In the chromosome complement, one autosomal bivalent is extraordinarily large due to the fusion of 2 autosomes and is responsible for the reduction in chromosome number. Precocious segregation of the m bivalent has also been noticed in some meiotic cells. This type of variations in the chromosome number and behaviour of m chromosomes indicate that the species is under the process of karyotypic evolution.View full abstractDownload PDF (4049K) -
Harpreet Kaur, Harbans Singh, Nadeem Mubarik, Santosh Kumari, Raghbir ...2011 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 309-318
Published: September 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2012
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSAt present, meiotic studies have been carried out on a population basis for assessing the genetic diversity in 38 accessions belonging to 6 species, namely S. barbata (n=18), S. glauca (n=9, 18, 36), S. megaphylla (n=18), S. palmifolia (n=18, 27), S. tomentosa (n=18) and S. verticillata (n=27), of the genus Setaria from different parts of India. For S. barbata and S. megaphylla, the chromosomal counts of n=18 represent the first reports from India. For S. glauca, 3 cytotypes occurring as diploids, tetraploids and octaploids are reported which also show some marked differences in their morphological features. The meiotic behavior in some populations of S. barbata and S. palmifolia (n=27) was found to be highly abnormal with low pollen fertility.View full abstractDownload PDF (6235K) -
Vijay Kumar Singhal, Dalvir Kaur2011 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 319-327
Published: September 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2012
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSPresent cytological investigations recorded the first ever diploid chromosome (n=8) count in 9 accessions under 3 morphovariants (MV) of Clematis graveolens. Out of 9 accessions, individuals of MV-II and 3 individuals of MV-III depicted the phenomenon of cytomixis involving chromatin transfer among proximate pollen mother cells (PMCs) during male meiosis which occurred through narrow and broad cytoplasmic channels from early prophase-I to telophase-II. The migration of chromatin material has been observed to be partial as well as complete which resulted into the formation of hypo-, hyperploid and enucleated PMCs. Cytomixis induced various meiotic irregularities into PMCs such as pycnotic chromatin, interbivalent connections, chromatin stickiness, syncyte PMCs, laggards/micronuclei and chromatin bridges, out of plate bivalents, late disjunction of bivalents and PMCs with multiple poles. These meiotic abnormalities resulted into abnormal sporad formation and 1.68–10.00% pollen sterility Furthermore, the range in size of pollen grains in the species is affected considerably due to cytomixis and the process of pollen fusion where 2–3 pollen grains were fused resulting into very large sized pollen grains. The large sized pollen grains in some accessions were also resulted as the products of syncyte PMCs.View full abstractDownload PDF (3583K) -
Manjit Inder Singh Saggoo, Umer Farooq, Lovleen2011 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 329-335
Published: September 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2012
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe present paper deals with the meiotic studies carried out on 2 species of Sarcococca from 2 different states, Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh of India from Western Himalyas. Both the species uniformly exist at x=14. Interestingly, inter-bivalent size difference was seen in both the species. The meiotic course was abnormal with the appearance of bridges, laggards and cytomixis leading to an overall effect on microsporogenesis in the formation of diads, triads and tetrads either with or without micronuclei. Consequent to the meiotic anomalies, pollen fertility was reduced and pollen grains of variable sizes were produced. This is first report of cytomixis in S. pruniformis and the first chromosome count with B-chromosomes (0–2 B) for Sarcococca saligna.View full abstractDownload PDF (5300K) -
Aninda Mandal, Animesh K. Datta2011 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 337-343
Published: September 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2012
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSMeiotic chromosome behavior (bivalent configurations at diplotene, metaphase I chromosome associations and anaphase I chromosome segregations) including secondary chromosome associations and cytomixis were studied in 2 cultivated (Corchorus capsularis L. and C. olitorius L.) and 6 wild (C. aestuans L., C. fascicularis Lamk., C. pseudocapsularis L., C. pseudoolitorius I. and Z., C. tridens L. and C. trilocularis L.) species of Jute (Family: Tiliaceae). The meiocytes mostly had 2n=14 chromosomes (prevalence of rod bivalents, evidenced at diplotene) at MI but in some species notable variation in chromosome numbers was recorded (C. capsularis: 6.94 II+0.13 I/cell, C. olitorius: 6.79 II+0.42 I/cell, C. aestuans: 6.86 II+0.12 I/cell, C. fascicularis: 5.13 II+1.71 I/cell, C. pseudocapsularis: 6.27 II+1.45 I/cell, C. pseudoolitorius: 4.83 II+0.44 I/cell, C. tridens: 6.85 II+0.30 I/cell, and C. trilocularis: 2.85 II+0.49 I/cell). All AI cells studied showed equal (7/7) segregation of chromosomes (excepting C. aestuans 97.56% and C. fascicularis 98.00%) and pollen fertility among the species varied from 37.67% (C. olitorius) to 84.29% (C. capsularis). About 15.19% (C. trilocularis) to 65.22% (C. tridens) of the PMCs at MI documented secondary association of chromosomes (2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 group classes were observed) and secondary polyploidy was attributed as the possible cause. Statistical analysis of cytological data revealed that the basic chromosome number in Corchorus spp. is 4 (x=4, n=7; selected doubling possibly). Preponderance of cytomictic behavior of chromosomes (only in meiosis I) was studied in C. aestuans (hypoploid 1.16%), C. fascicularis (hypoploid 12.54%, hyperploid 2.03%), C. pseudoolitorius (hypoploid 18.06%, hyperploid 6.94%) and C. trilocularis (hypoploid 54.43%, hyperploid 1.27%) resulting in numerical variation (only at MI) in chromosome numbers (n=1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 16 and 18) apart from normal (n=7). Results obtained were discussed and it was presumed that both secondary grouping of chromosomes and cytomixis were the outcomes of genetic consequences.View full abstractDownload PDF (5706K) -
Rinat Fawzia, Sheikh Shamimul Alam2011 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 345-351
Published: September 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2012
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSFour varieties of Solanum melongena L., namely local variety-Islampuri, BARI Begun-3 (Tarapuri, Claimed as F1 hybrid between local and BARI Begun-1 F1 hybrid), BARI Begun-1 (Uttara) and BARI Begun-5 (Nayantara), were cytogenetically investigated to characterize individual karyotypes. Although each variety was found to possess 2n=24 chromosomes, the karyotype formulae differed sharply among them. Heteromorphicity in respect of centromeric position revealed the occurence of minute deletion. Each variety possesed distinct CMA- and DAPI-banding karyotypes. Reversible chromosome banding i.e. CMA positive-DAPI negative was found in BARI Begun-5 (Nayantara). The overall karyotypic features indicated that BARI Begun-5 was totally different from the other 3 varieties. In BARI Begun-1, a pair of satellites was found in CMA-stained metaphase plates. It was not observed in orcein and DAPI staining revealed stain-specificity of the satellited portions. The karyotype analysis did not support the suggestion that BARI Begun-3 is a hybrid between local (Islampuri) and BARI Begun-1 (Uttara).View full abstractDownload PDF (1634K) -
Fukashi Shibata, Masahiro Hizume2011 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 353-360
Published: September 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2012
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe nucleotide sequences of telomere repeats have been identified in many eukaryotes since Blackburn and Gall (1978), and these sequences are specific to the genus or higher taxonomic group. Wide vision telomere sequences are variable across eukaryotes. In plants, Arabidopsis-type telomere repeats (TTTAGGG)n are dominant, although human-type telomere repeats (TTAGGG)n have been reported in a few taxa. Recently, the evolution of these telomere repeats in plants has become the focus of many studies. In this report, the Arabidopsis-type telomere repeat and human-type telomere repeat were surveyed in 87 species of gymnosperms and angiosperms. In 1 gymnosperm species and 62 angiosperm species, fluorescence in situ hybridisation signals of both Arabidopsis-type and human-type telomere repeats were detected. Three gymnosperm species and 12 angiosperm species showed only signals of Arabidopsis-type telomere repeats. In 5 angiosperm species, only human-type telomere repeat signals were detected. The co-localisation of Arabidopsis- and human-type telomere repeats on chromosome ends in a wide range of plant species is a novel discovery that may elucidate the evolution of telomere repeats in plants.View full abstractDownload PDF (6401K) -
Sifat Shahla, Sheikh Shamimul Alam2011 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 361-366
Published: September 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2012
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe karyotypes of wild Leonurus sibiricus L. (red flower form) and its extremely rare white flower form were compared after staining with orcein, CMA and DAPI. Both the forms were found to possess 2n=20 chromosomes. These 2 forms have similar centromeric formulae of 16m+4sm indicating less variation in their karyotypes and thus could be considered as symmetric karyotypes. Four CMA-positive bands were found in the white flower form and 7 in the red flower form. The distribution, location and intensity of these bands were quite different. Moreover, the percentage of the GC-rich region is almost double in the red flower form. The white flower form possessed no DAPI-positive bands whereas a pair of terminal DAPI bands was found in the other form. It was possible to identify some marker chromosomes with CMA and DAPI staining which are specific to each karyotype. Fluorescent banding indicated the occurrence of minute deletion and paracentric inversion in the genomes of these 2 forms. The present results revealed that these 2 forms were not similar in respect of fluorescent karyotypes and, therefore, a peer revision regarding their taxonomic position is necessary.View full abstractDownload PDF (1525K) -
Ryoko Yui, Etsuko T. Matsuura2011 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 367-372
Published: September 25, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2012
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSWe previously described temperature-dependent selective transmission of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in heteroplasmic Drosophila melanogaster; artificially introduced foreign mtDNA derived from D. mauritiana was selectively transmitted to the next generation at 25°C. In the present study, we investigated whether selective transmission occurred in individual flies using sensitive ARMS-qPCR assay. The results showed the validity of the assay in detecting a heteroplasmic state and confirmed the temperature-dependent selective transmission of mtDNA in individual flies.View full abstractDownload PDF (1382K)
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