CYTOLOGIA
Online ISSN : 1348-7019
Print ISSN : 0011-4545
Volume 64, Issue 3
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
  • Peng Yong Kang, Zhao Jian, Chen Rui Yang
    1999 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 223-228
    Published: September 25, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 09, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Removing the histone and most of the nonhistone from mitotic chromosomes, we studied the protein composition of the chromosomal nonhistone protein scaffold extracted and separated from isolated chromosomes by using one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). We found that the scaffold in the metaphase chromosome of Triticum aestivum consists of 16 nonhistone species. The molecular weights of these nonhistone protein range from 18KD to 90KD; the major nonhistone protein with the molecular weight of 30KD, 32KD, 37KD, 43KD, 44KD, 50KD, 53KD, 63KD, 78KD and 88KD which can be clearly recognized in the gel are abundant in the scaffold. Our findings demonstrated the existence of nonhistone proteins scaffold in metaphase chromosome of common wheat. This scaffold seems to be similar to the scaffold found in the metaphase chromosomes of humans and animals, in terms of SDS-PAGE profiles.
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  • P. Soontornchainaksaeng, K. Chaiyasut
    1999 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 229-234
    Published: September 25, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 09, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Cytogenetic investigations of 36 species, 18 genera, Euphorbiaceae in Thailand were discussed for the first time. The techniques of propionocarmine smear and Feulgen squash has been developed for obtaining meiotic and mitotic chromosomes. The results revealed that there are the great diversity of chromosome numbers between and within the genera from 2n=16 to 104. Most species have very small chromosomes ranging from 1.0 to 3.33 μm. Strophioblachia fimbricalyx Boerl. is a distinct species which have the largest chromosomes with the length of bivalents about 5.33-8.67 μm. It was found polyploids in both natural groups and cultivated plants. Croton spp. (2n=20, x=10) and Jatropha spp. (2n=22, x=11) showed the uniform chromosome number within the genus. The chromosomes of Euphorbia studied are very variable in sizes and numbers ranging from 2n=16 to 60. New chromosome numbers for 16 species involving 12 genera are reported for the first time. Phyllanthus emblica L. has 2n=104. It is varied from the previous recorded (2n=28, 98 and 104). B chromosomes were found in P. pulcher Wall. ex Muell. Arg. uniquely. This preliminary study indicates that chromosome number, chromosome size and certain morphological differences may suggest that the Euphorbia could be broken up into several genera.
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  • Ester Tartarotti, Maria Tercilia Vilela de Azeredo-Oliveira
    1999 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 235-240
    Published: September 25, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 09, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The present work analyzed spermatogenesis of two triatomines genus Panstrongylus (P megistus and P herreri) by coloration with lacto-acetic orcein. The study of gametogenesis in these triatomines allowed an analysis of meiotic behavior in the order Heteroptera as to the type of kinetochore organization of the group, polyploidy, post and prereductional meiosis, autosome and heterochromosome pycnotic behavior and origin of chromosome derivation in Heteroptera.
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  • Guillermo Seijo
    1999 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 241-246
    Published: September 25, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 09, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Chromosome numbers are presented for 12 species and 8 varieties of the genus Mimosa L. (Leguminosae), including 7 species and 6 varieties for which no karyological data have been reported before. Chromosome numbers of M. hirsutissima var. hirsutissima, M. hirsutissima var. barbigera, M. macrocalyx, M. obstrigosa, M oligophylla var. pilosula, M. uliginosa with 2n=26, M. velloziana, M. debilis var. debilis and M brevipetiolata var. hirtula with 2n=52 are new reports. For M. pigra var. dehiscens it was found 2n=26 while for M. pigra var. pigra 2n=52. In addition the chromosome numbers of M. uraguensis, M. polycarpa and M bimucronata var. bimucronata with 2n=26, and M. daleoides with 2n=104 are confirmed. Diploid, tetraploid and octoploid species were found and all have a basic chromosome number x=13. The occurrence of polyploids in the most advanced sections of the genus supports the general phylogenetic arrangement proposed by Barneby for the genus.
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  • Taehwan Lee
    1999 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 247-252
    Published: September 25, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 09, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Spermatogenetic meiosis as well as a very large number of chromosomes (n=76, 2n=ca. 152) were observed in a North American freshwater clam, Sphaerium striatinum. Sphaeriid species studied to date, except for one species, are all polyploids having high mitotic chromosome numbers, which range from ca. 150 to ca. 247. These results indicate that pronounced polyploidization may have played a major role in the evolution of the Sphaeriidae.This study also suggests that the basic chromosome number of the sphaeriid polyploids may be 19 and that a very significant variation in ploidy levels (2n to 13n) occur in the Sphaeriidae. Even though meiosis has been observed in a polyploid species, S. striatinum, and in the diploid S. corneum (n=18, 2n=36), it is not clear whether or not polyploidy in any of the other sphaeriid species is associated with asexuality.
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  • T. V. V. Seetharami Reddi, D. Rama Mohana Rao, M. Hari Babu
    1999 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 253-258
    Published: September 25, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 09, 2009
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    Two desynaptic, fully sterile plants were obtained in M3 generation in Swarnadhan cultivar of rice following 0.004 M azide treatment. In their normal sib plants progeny in M4 generation 36 desynaptic plants in both the generations was studied. Analysis of bivalent distribution showed significant deviation from binomial distribution suggesting non-randomness in the formation of bivalents. The deviation from binomial distribution in these 13 plants fit to model I of Sreenath and Sinha (1968) indicating the existence of intra-cellular differences which result in the differential behaviour of chromosomes within the meiocytes.
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  • Surya B. Prasad, Anirudha Giri
    1999 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 259-267
    Published: September 25, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 09, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and its isozyme patterns were determined in various tissues of normal, Dalton's lymphoma (DL) bearing and cisplatin treated tumorous mice. Tumorbearing hosts showed about two fold higher serum LDH activity than that in the normal animals and following cisplatin treatment (8 mg/kg body wt, i.p.) for 1-4. days, serum LDH activity further increased. In kidney, as compared to normal mice, there was no significant change in the enzyme activity in tumor bearing hosts, but liver LDH activity increased in tumorous condition. After cisplatin treatment overall 20-30% decrease in the activity was noted in kidney and liver, with slight increase on the day 2 of treatment. LDH isozyme analysis revealed that in serum and kidney, all the five isozyme constituents were present, whereas, in liver and ascites tumor supernatant only LDH-3, -4 and-5 were observed with the predominance of LDH-5. In liver, after cisplatin treatment LDH-3 and-4 expression gradually decreased. In DL cells, LDH-5 was the only isozyme form present and after cisplatin treatment its activity increased.
    Thus, it is suggested that LDH activity is definitely affected in the tissues of tumor bearing hosts and during tumor regression after cisplatin treatment. The changes in LDH activity could be very useful parameter in malignancy and cisplatin-mediated chemotherapy against murine Dalton's lymphoma in particular and cancer in general. LDH isozyme patterns revealed the presence of tissue specificity of different isozymes, with only LDH-5 in tumor cells and appearance of some specific isozyme variant, named here as LDH-T, in the serum of tumor bearing hosts.
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  • Youssuf A. M. H. Gherbawy
    1999 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 269-276
    Published: September 25, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 09, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to assess genetic diversity among 20 isolates of different formae speciales from Fusarium oxysporum. The amount of genetic variation was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction amplified by 3 random primers. All amplifications revealed scorable polymorphisms among the isolates, and a total of 73 band positions were scored by (1/0) method for the three primers used. Genetic distances between each of the isolates were calculated, and cluster analysis was used to generate a dendrogram showing relationships between them. The isolates were clustered into 3 groups which showed no correlation to geographic origin.
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  • H. B. Ila, M. Topaktas
    1999 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 277-283
    Published: September 25, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 09, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxic effects of spiramycin which is an effective ingredient of the antibiotic rovamycine in bone marrow cells of rats (Rattus norvegicus var. albinos). The rats were treated with 100, 200, 400 mg/kg bwt/day of spiramycin. Animals were treated with the above concentrations for 7 days and the bone marrow preparations were prepared after 6 and 12 h from the last administration. In 100 mg/kg bwt/day, spiramycin increased the percentages of the abnormal cells and the chromosomal aberration per cell (CA/cell) in the bone marrow cells of rats that were sacrificed after 6 h from the last administration. It could not induce the abnormalities however at the other concentrations (200 and 400 mg/kg bwt/day). The mitotic index (MI) was not decreased by any treatment of spiramycin. Spiramycin did not increase neither the percentage of abnormal cells nor the CA/cell in bone marrow cells of rats which sacrificed after 12 h from the last administration, whereas it generally decreased the MI in this treatment. Spiramycin did not affect the formation of chromosomal gaps.
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  • Wang Tongchang, Liu Weihua, He Congfen, Zhang Guiyou, Shi Rui, Xu Xian ...
    1999 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 285-291
    Published: September 25, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 09, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Chromosome pairing in MI of the PMC's was studied using the F1 hybrids between alloplasmic lines of a common wheat, Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring (genome constitution AABBDD) as the female and rye (RR) or hexaploid triticale (AABBRR) in order to determine the effect of alien cytoplasms on meiotic chromosome behavior. The hybrids were obtained by embryo culture. Chromosome pairing in the hybrids of the first cross combinations (genome constitution ABDR) was entirely ascribable to the pairing between the homoeologues, whereas that in the hybrids of the second cross combinations (AABBDR) was due to both the homologous and homoeologous chromosome pairing. A D2 cytoplasm of Ae. crassa 4x promoted the homoeologous pairing but inhibited the homologous pairing. The S1 cytoplasm of Ae. sharonensis, another D2 cytoplasm of Ae. juvenalis, a G cytoplasm of T. timopheevi and an Sv cytoplasm of Ae. variabilis promoted whereas the Sb cytoplasm of Ae. bicornis inhibited the homoeologous pairing. Another Sv cytoplasm of Ae. kotschyi inhibited both the homoeologous and homologous pairing. The alloplasmic F1 hybrids from the first cross-combinations were crossed to an octoploid triticale (AABBDDRR) and the offspring were examined for their somatic chromosome number to estimate the effect of alien cytoplasms on the production of unreduced female gametes by the F1 's. Although the effect of individual alien cytoplasms could not be confirmed because of very low success in this cross, the overall frequency of the functional, unreduced gametes was estimated to be about 33%. Male-sterile octoploid triticales hav-ing the G-, Sv-, D2-and M-type cytoplasms were obtained for the first time by these crosses. Three alloplasmic octoploid triticale lines having D2-type cytoplasms showed photoperiod-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterility.
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  • Larisa S. Biltueva, Polina L. Perelman, Maraarita B. Roaatcheva, Elena ...
    1999 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 293-299
    Published: September 25, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 09, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A GTG-banding was used for a detailed comparative analysis of two 40-chromosome Crocidura species, Crocidura gueldenstaedtii and Crocidura dsinezumi. A high level of chromosomal homology was detected. A complex 520-bp EcoRI tandem repeat was isolated from C. dsinezumi. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), this repeat was localized to centromeric regions of chromosomes in both Crocidura species.
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  • P. J. Mathew, P. M. Mathew, P. Pushpangadan
    1999 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 301-307
    Published: September 25, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 09, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Systematic relationships and phylogeny of the Piperaceae are discussed in the light of chromosome data, with special reference to the South Indian taxa which comprise 17 species of Piper, 8 species of Peperomia and the monotypic Heckeria. Chromosomes of species of Piper are very small sized, and those of Peperomia large sized, while Heckeria has medium sized chromosomes. Species of Piper and Peperomia are x=13 and x=11 basic respectively occurring at different ploidy levels; and the species of Heckeria is a diploid on x=13. It is postulated that the Piper group had diversified much earlier than Peperomia so much so the former had enjoyed a much longer evolutionary span than Peperomia during which appropriate chromosome structural changes have operated more in Piper leading to marked size diminution of chromosomes. It is evident that karyomorphologically the genus Piper is more evolved than Peperomia. The genus Peperomia (x=11) appears to be a connecting link between Piperaceae and Saururaceae (x=11). The marked karyological distinction between Piper and Peperomia noticed in the South Indian taxa provides confirmatory evidence in support of the proposed segregation of Peperomia to separate family rank (Peperomiaceae).
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  • M. Dematteis, A. Fernández
    1999 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 309-312
    Published: September 25, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 09, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Chromosome information about the small South American genus Isostigma (Heliantheae, Asteraceae) is reported for the first time. The somatic chromosomes of two species were analyzed in detail : I. hoffmannii Kuntze and I. peucedanifolium (Spreng.) Less. The first taxa showed a somatic number of 2n=18, having the karyotype composed for 8 metacentric and 10 submetacentric chromosomes. While I. peucedanifolium, the type species of the genus, presented 2n=24 and a karyotype formula with 8 metacentric, 10 submetacentric and 6 subtelocentric chromosomes. In addition to the basic number, I. hoffmannii and I. peucedanifolium revealed substantial differences in karyotype formula, chromosome size and asymmetry level. The results are discussed in relation to earlier chromosome studies for the tribe.
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  • Roy Joseph, Tessy Joseph, Joseph Jose
    1999 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 313-317
    Published: September 25, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 09, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Karyotypes of 6 species of the genus Curcuma Linn. have been reported for the first time. Somatic chromosome numbers are found to be diploid with 2n=42 in some species while triploid with 2n=63 in the remaining species. The karyotypes are found to be symmetrical in all these species. However, considerable variation exists in chromosome morphology and structure among the species studied. The precise chromosomal measurements were utilized for computing karyomorphology indices. Various karyomophological data indicate that both numerical and structural variations have operated in the evolution of the genus Curcuma.
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  • Arturo Núñez-Garduño, Ricardo López-Wilchi ...
    1999 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 319-326
    Published: September 25, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 09, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Chromosomal material from 76 specimens of Osgoodomys banderanus collected in 22 different localities was studied. The revised material was obtained from femur bone marrow from individuals which were previously injected with colchicine. A minimum of 10 mitotic fields were studied for each specimen. A number 2n=48 was found for all the studied specimens. 3 different fundamental numbers and 4 different cytotypes were found 3 of them are not registered yet. Geographical distribution for each cytotype is presented. The G banding pattern was obtained and a cladogram with the possible chromosomal changes is presented.
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  • C. R. Bonvicino, I. B. Otazu, P. M. Borodin
    1999 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 327-332
    Published: September 25, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 09, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A close morphological similarity among species within the Oryzomys subflavus group makes their systematic extremely difficult. Three different karyotypes have been previously detected within the O. subflavus species group in Brazil : 2n=48-50, FN=56 (Paraiba and Pernambuco); 2n=54-56, FN=62-63 (São Paulo and Minas Gerais); and 2n=50, FN=64 (Eastern Bahia). These three variants 1, 2 and 3 were morphologically very similar to each other. In Central Brazil (Goiás and Western Bahia) we found a new O. subflavus karyotype (variant 4, 2n=58, FN=72) which was clearly different from the other variants. The X chromosome was a large submetacentric unlike the acrocentric X chromosome in the three other karyotypes. All previously described variants contained two large biarmed chromosome pairs (the largest of their autosomal complement) which did not show counterparts in this new variant. Variant 4 was easily distinguishable by its morphological characters from any other variant. Thus, distinctive karyotypic and morphological characteristics and allopatric distribution of O. subflavus variant 4 suggest that it deserves a species status.
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  • T. Kuroiwa, M. Takahara, S. Miyagishima, Y. Ohashi, F. Kawamura, H. Ku ...
    1999 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 333-342
    Published: September 25, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 09, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Mitochondrial and plastid division can be clearly separated into two main events : division of the organelle nuclei (nucleoids), and subsequent division of the rest of the organelles, the process of organellokinesis. Organellokinesis makes use of organelle dividing apparatuses such as plastid-dividing ring (PD ring) and mitochondrion-dividing ring (MD ring). FtsZ protein is located on the bacterial contractile ring at the equator of dividing bacteria, and controls bacterial division. Since chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved from bacteria, there is debate whether the inner or outer PD rings evolved from FtsZ ring during eukaryogenesis. Immuno-electron microscopy using the antibody of Bacillus subtilis FtsZ showed that the FtsZ protein was not located on the outer PD and MD rings but on entire chloroplasts and cell nuclei in Cyanidioschyzon merolae and Cyanidium caldarium Forma A. This suggests that the function of FtsZ protein changed from contraction at the equator of bacteria into another during eukaryogenesis.
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