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J. Frank Daniel
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
641-643
Published: August 31, 1937
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O. Renner
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
644-653
Published: August 31, 1937
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H. Kihara, I. Nishiyama
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
654-666
Published: August 31, 1937
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K. Pätau
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
667-680
Published: August 31, 1937
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Von den 6 V-förmigen Chromosomen ist eines das SAT-Chromosom; die anderen unterscheiden sich in der Größe voneinander, anscheinend handelt es sich um den haploiden Satz.
Der Nukleolus umgibt den als achromatische Fibrille ausgebildeten Teil des Chromonemas, der den Satelliten mit dem übrigen Chromosom verbindet. Am Nukleolus sind ein innerer Teil, der von der stets sichtbar bleibenden Fibrille median durchsetzt wird und sich nach HEIDENHAIN nicht färbt und ein stark färbbarer äußerer zu unterscheiden. Der Nukleolus wird während der Mitose nicht aufgelöst.
Die Telophasechromosomen lassen deutlichen Spiralbau erkennen. In der Prophase kann die Auflockerung der Reliktspiralen verfolgt werden. Die Mitose unterscheidet sich von dem bei höheren Organismen bekannten Verlauf nur darin, daß hier die Verkürzung und vor allem die Verdickung der Chromosomen bis zur mittleren Telophase anhält, diese erst darf als stabiler Zustand der Chromosomen gelten.
Die Chromosomenenden zeigen “Pseudoheterochromatie”, die offenbar auf verzögerter Auflockerung beruht und anscheinend nur bis in den Ruhekern hinein besteht.
Es wird ein Verfahren angegeben, mit dessen Hilfe unter der “Voraussetzung ungeordneter Orientierung” die Gesamtlänge eines Spirems ermittelt werden kann.
Die Gesamtlänge der Telophasechromosomen wird mit der des offenbar weitgehend ausgeglätteten Chromonemas der mittleren Prophase verglichen und als Verkürzungsfaktor 5, 5 festgestellt. Eine diesem Faktor entsprechend gezeichnete Schraube sieht der in der Telophase erkennbaren ähnlich. Das spricht zugunsten der Arbeitshypothese, daß, das Chromonema in allen Stadien etwa dieselbe Länge habe.
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Tutomu Haga
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
681-700
Published: August 31, 1937
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1) Six karyotypes were distinguished in
Paris hexaphylla CHAM. which has a basic chromosome number 5 consisting of morphologically distinguishable chromosomes
A,
B,
C,
D and
E. Four of them were diploid and two triploid:
Diploids (2n=10) Triploids (2n=15)
Karyotype 1
C C D D Karyotype 1
C C C D D DKaryotype 2
C C- D D Karyotype 2
C C C- D D- D-Karyotype 3
C C D D-Karyotype 4
C C- D D+Karyotypic aberration concerns only chromosomes
C and
D.
C-- and
D+-chromosome were suggested as having resulted from simple translocation from
C short arm to trabant of
D.
D--chromosome was interpreted as originated from a simple deletion of the whole trabant of
D. Except the homozygous diploid
C C D D and the triploid
C C C D D D all other karyotypes were heterozygous as to
C- or
D-type chromosome or both of them.
2) There was no distributional or ecological difference between diploids and triploids and between the karyotypes, showing that polyploidy and the karyotypic changes found in this plant are not suf iiciently effectual to cause a biological differentiation.
3) The heteromorphic constitutions of
D-
D- bivalents and
D-
D--
D- trivalents were easily discerned at meiosis in PMCs. Heteromorphic short arm segregates equationally as well as reductionaily at first anaphase. The ratio of reductional to equational segregation was 1.0:5.3 in
C C D-D diploid.
4) Metaphase-anaphase behavior of the trivalents was discussed an the basis of observations an anaphase segregation of 5 trivalents metaphases. Anaphase behavior of the trivalent is a regular one for itself, segregating 1 to 2 chromosomes. Thus from 5 trivalents metaphases only the gametes with 5-10 chromosomes comprising at least a complete haploid set must result. This was really verified in the present study.
It is the writer's pleasure to express his sincere thanks to Professor H. MATSUURA under whose valuable suggestions and encouragement the present work was carried out.
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H. Pfeiffer
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
701-710
Published: August 31, 1937
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T. H. Morgan
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
711-732
Published: August 31, 1937
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Fuyuwo Kagawa
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
733-744
Published: August 31, 1937
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1) In
Solanum gracile Link, the chromosomal chimeras composed of diploid (n=12) and tetraploid (n=24) tissues were obtained by the decapitation callus method applied to diploid plants, and the occurrence of such chimeras and the modes of arrangement of the two kinds of tissues were discussed.
2) Triploid plants were obtained by crossing an individual, which was probably a true tetraploid, with the pollen of diploid plants. In tetraploid and triploid, the course of pollen formation resulting in a high degree of pollen abortion was studied.
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Calvin B. Bridges
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
745-755
Published: August 31, 1937
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Clyde Chandler, W. M. Porterfield, A. B. Stout
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
756-784_3
Published: August 31, 1937
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Die Einwirkung des Ammonia-Dampfes auf die Mitose bei den Staubfadenhaarzellen von Tradescantia reflexa
Bungo Wada
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
785-795
Published: August 31, 1937
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1. Mit Hilfe des Mikromanipulators wurde die Einwirkung de: Ammonia-Dampfes auf die sich teilenden Zellen von Staubfadenhaar von
Tradescantia reflexa hauptsächlich im lebenden und zum Teil irr. gefärbten Zustande der Zelle untersucht.
2. Wenn die Teilungsfigur einer sehr geringen Menge des Ammonia-Dampfes ausgesetzt wird, quillt zuerst die Grundsubstanz der Chromosomen und dann das Zytoplasma an. Die Chromonemata, die Spindelsubstanz und der Phragmoplast zeigen wenigstens am Anfang der Behandlung eine Weile fast keine sichtbaren Veränderungen.
3. Durch die Wirkung einer mäßigen Menge des Ammonia-Dampfes wird die Quellung der Chromatinfäden und der Chromosomen, jedoch keine Teilungsumkehr hervorgerufen. Die angequollenen Chromatinfäden in der Prophase entwickeln sich zu Chromosomen und vollenden schließlich die Bildung der Tochterkerne.
4. Bei der Wirkung einer übermäßigen Menge des Ammonia-Dampfes entsteht zuerst die Quellung der Chromosomen und des Zytoplasmas. Dann folgt ihr die Entmischung nach. Infolge der Entmischung stirbt die Zelle schließlich durch die Koagulation des Protoplasten ab, wobei die Teilungsfigur, als Degenerationserscheinung ein anomales Verhalten zeigt.
5. Diese koagulierende Teilungsfigur quillt nochmals bei weiterer Behandlung mit Ammonia-Dampf auffallend an.
6. Beim Quellen des Zytoplasmas tritt eine Anzahl sich bewegender tropfenförmiger Fällungen in den Vakuolen auf, aber sie verschwinden beim Entmischen des Zytoplasmas gänzlich.
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Kan Oguma
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
796-808_1
Published: August 31, 1937
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A. Guilliermond
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
809-813
Published: August 31, 1937
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Nobunori Tanaka
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
814-821
Published: August 31, 1937
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José K. Santos
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
822-835
Published: August 31, 1937
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1. The megasporocyte of
Lilium philippinense is derived by the enlargement of subepidermal cell of the nucellus. The megasporocyte nucleus develops directly into an embryo-sac without any previous divisions.
2. The microsporocyte remains for a short time in the resting stage and immediately proceeds into heterotypic and homoeotypic divisions.
3. The haploid number of the chromosomes is twelve and the diploid number is twenty-four.
4. The four daughter nuclei resulting from the homoeotypic division are of the Same size and contain the Same number of chromosomes. Three of these four nuclei are closely arranged in the chalazal end, and the remaining one moves towards the micropylar end. Following this arrangement the four nuclei divide simultaneously. The spindles of the three nuclei become united forming a multipolar spindle which ultimately develop into a bipolar one.
5. Of the four resulting nuclei from this division, the two in the micropylar end have smaller dimension and contain twelve chromosomes each, while the two at the chalazal end are more voluminous and contain thirty-six chromosomes each.
6. The two pairs of nuclei resulting from the last division divide almost simultaneously forming an eight-nucleate embryo-sac. Two of the nuclei move towards the micropylar end and become synergids, one becomes into an egg, and the other moves towards the middle part of the embryo-sac and fuses with one of the chalazal nuclei, forming the polar nuclei. The three remaining chalazal nuclei move towards the extremity of the embryo-sac and become the antipodal nuclei.
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R. J. H. Teunissen
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
836-844
Published: August 31, 1937
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Die Arbeit zeigt als vorläufige Mitteilung die strukturellen Veränderungen in den Stoffwechselzellen des Fettkörpers. Diese Zellen dienen dazu, die große Masse des sich auflösenden Gewebes der Puppe in sich aufzunehmen und intraplasmatisch zu verarbeiten. Nach der Verarbeitung werden die Stoffe den Restitutionsgeweben der Puppe wiederum zur Verfügung gestellt. Hierbei zeigen sich folgende gröbere strukturelle Veränderungen an den Stoffwechselzellen:
Abb. 1-9 zeigen den Wechsel des strukturellen Zusammenhanges der Stoffwechselzellen: zuerst liegen die Zellen im Gewebeverbande, von einer Tunica gemeinsam umgeben. Dann werden die Zellgrenzen gesprengt, und die Kerne kommen frei in einer Plasmamasse zu liegen. In dieser Sekundären Syncytialen Plasmamasse werden große Mengen von zwei verschiedenen Granula gebildet: Aufbau neuer Eiweißstoffe. Es bilden sich auch sehr große Zusammengesetzte Granula, die als kleine Stoffwechseifabriken gedeutet werden; diese können größer werden als die ursprüngliche Zelle. Diese aufgebauten Stoffe werden an das Restitutionsgewebe später abgegeben. Schließlich geht das Sekundäre Syncytium wieder in einen Zellverband über, indem sich um jeden Kern und etwas Protoplasma eine Zellmembran bildet; es wird angenommen, daß die Determination der Zelle vom Zellkerne ausgeht.
Die Abb. 10-14 zeigen die Veränderungen im Protoplasma der Stoffwechselzellen: zuerst vorallem Fett, dann zwei verschiedene Arten von immermehr wachsenden Granula; schließlich werden die Zeltgrenzen gesprengt. Die Stoff wechselzellen gehen ein in den Imago, mit einem Plasma entsprechend Abb. 14.
Abb. 17-24 lassen die Kernveränderungen der Stoffwechselzellen erkennen und zeigen: die Kerngröße wechselt und erreicht etwa in der Mitte des Puppenstadiums den größten Inhalt. Gegen das Ende der Hauptstoffwechselprozesse treten in den Kernen große Nukleolen auf, welche auch teilweise im Plasma, außerhalb des Kernes, gefunden werden; ihre Bedeutung ist noch unsicher.
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T. Sugiura
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
845-849
Published: August 31, 1937
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Seikan Kusunoki
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
850-856_1
Published: August 31, 1937
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1. Die morphologische Unterscheidung des Geschlechtscharakters der Gametangien von
Sirogonium ist keine zuverlässige Methode.
2. Auch die zahlenmäßige und morphologische Berücksichtigung der steril bleibenden Zellen gestattet keine zuverlässige Bestimmung.
3. Bei jüngeren Kopulationsstadien kann daher mangels anderer Methoden bis jetzt keine Bestimmung des Gametencharakters vorgenommen werden.
4. Die Methode, den Gametencharakter bei fortgeschrittenem Kopulationsstadium durch Beobachtung der Plasmakontraktion zu bestimmen (das Plasma der männlichen Gameten kontrahiert sich zuerst), konnte durch die vorliegende Untersuchung bestätigt werden.
5. Auf Grund der bei dieser Untersuchung gewonnenen Gesichtspunkte ist
Sirogonium als gemischtgeschlechtlich zu bezeichnen.
6. Die rundliche, längliche oder abnormale Form der Zygote ist durch die Gestalt des weiblichen Gametangiums bestimmt.
7. In steril bleibenden Zellen wurde Parthenogenese beobachtet.
8. Vorwölbungen der Zellen, welche vielleicht als Ansätze zu Verbindungskanälen zu deuten sind, wurden in frühen Stadien, richtige Verbindungskanäle in zahlreichen Fällen im Stadium der Kopulation beobachtet. Phylogenetisch sind vielleicht stufenweise die Übergänge zu
Spirogyra gegeben.
9. Es kann nichts darüber ausgesagt werden, ob zwischen den kleinen Zellen früher Entwicklungsstadien und den späteren steril bleibenden Zellen im Stadium der Kopulation eine Beziehung besteht.
Diese kleine Arbeit möchte ich meinem hochverehrten Lehrer, Herrn Prof. honor. Dr. K. FUJIsI anläßlich der Feier seines 70. Geburtstags ergebenst widmen.
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Edward C. Jeffrey
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
857-866
Published: August 31, 1937
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1. In spite of their smaller size the somatic chromosomes are well worthy of investigation.
2. Improvements in cytological technique are here describec which make possible as accurate fixation of the somatic cells as that afforded by the best procedure in the Gase of the smear method.
3. The somatic cells an account of the difficultie:s of fixatior have not been made to bear the extreme load of theory which has been imposed an the reproductive elements.
4. The essential organization of the dividing nucleus is chromatidal or chromonemal.
5. In the metaphase the chromatids, originating in the anaphase or late metaphase of the preceding divisions, become separated from nne another and divest themselves of their spiral involvements.
6. At this stage they subdivide longitudinally.
7. Later as the metaphase passes into the anaphase the two chromatids of each daughter ehromosomes become spirally involved in opposite directions.
8. This involvement reaches its extreme condition in the fully developed anaphase.
9. The chromatidal pairs undergo strong contraction in the telophase.
10. This condition is followed later by a loosening in which the pairs of chromatids again reveal their identity. At this stage their spiral structure is no Tonger obvious.
11. Their identity is apparently lost in the resting stage.
12. Nucleoli make their appearance in the resting nuclei.
13. The revival of nuclear activity brings with it the disappearance of the nucleoli and the reestablishment of the filamentous organization.
14. The nuclear filament is clearly double and consists of two chromatids reversely coiled.
15. The spiralization gradually disappears with the development of the metaphase.
16. The so-called chromomeres are apparently optical illusions based an the misinterpretation of gyres or contragyres resulting from imperfect preservation.
17. The study of somatic divisions with improved methods is apparently destined to throw a new fundamental light an the nature of the meiotic or reduction division.
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Sajiro Makino
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
867-876
Published: August 31, 1937
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1. The number of chromosomes in
Raja meerdervoortii Bleeker (Rajidae) is 104 in diploid and 52 in haploid. The diploid complex is composed of tel.omitic rod-shaped chromosomes. numbering about 20 disposed at the periphery of the spindle, and the remaining granular ones which always lie in the central space enclosed by the former.
2. The chromosome complement of
Squalus suckleyi (Girard) (Squalidae) is 62 in diploid and 31 in haploid. The diploid garniture consists of several types of about 20 atelomitic chromosomes lying at the outer zone of the equator and the remaining ones, which are rod shaped with probably telomitic fibre attachment, lie in the central area.
3. In both of these cases, the author could not detect any chromosomes throughout the course of the meiotic divisions which from its shape or behaviour could be characterised as the heterochromosome.
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B. D. Dodge
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
877-887
Published: August 31, 1937
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S. Ikeno
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
888-896
Published: August 31, 1937
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Shun Okuno
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
897-902
Published: August 31, 1937
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1) In the present study, seven species of
Lobelia were dealt with karyologically. They were found to constitute a polyploid series, 2x-4x-6x, with 7 as the basic number;
L. inftata,
L. dresidensis and
L. syphilitica are diploid species,
L. sessilifolia a tetraploid species,
L. Erinus and
L. Richardsonii hexaploid species, and
L. triquetra contains both diploid and hexaploid individuals.
2) The comparison of idiograms between three diploid species,
L. inflata,
L. syphilitica and
L. dresidensis reveals certain marked differences in the size and structure of their components (cf. Figs. 8a-c).
3) From a study an the chromosome arrangement at MI of PMCs in
L. sessilifolia, it was found that the Bonfiguration with 4 bivalents lying inside and the other 10 lying outside was prevalent, as the floating magnet theory of chromosome arrangement demands.
4) In the somatic division of
L. sessilifolia, a unique behavior of the nucleolus was detected. The nucleolus divides at an early stage into two, one of which parts is connected wich the distal end of one definite chromosome, the double-constricted one, while the other part is entirely free from any chromosome. No connection was observable between the satellite-chromosomes and the nucleolus in either the somatic and meiotic divisions.
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Ernst Lehmann
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
903-919
Published: August 31, 1937
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Differentiation and behaviour of the vegetative and generative elements in the pollen grains of Crinum
Nobuhide Suita
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
920-933
Published: August 31, 1937
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1) The investigations of the pollen development in
Crinum-species are reported with special reference to the behaviour of the vegetative nueleus and of the generative cell in their living or fixed state.
2) The primary microspore division occurs invariably along the short diameter of the polten grain, one end of the spindle being free in the cytosome and the other end close to the intine. The daughter nueleus formed an the free end of the spindle becomes the enlarged and inactive vegetative nueleus, while the nueleus forme-d dose to the intine becomes the generative nueleus and is enclosed by a thin wall to form the generative cell. When the Pollen comes to maturity, the vegetative nueleus, being gradually dehydrated, becomes amoeboid in form, while the generative cell is transformed into a spindle-shape and lies free in the vegetative cytosome.
3) The vegetative nueleus begins to increase in size and to lose its chromaticity soon after the primary microspore division. About one day after the division, the nueleus becomes a homogeneously hyaline sphere and is only faintly stained by Feulgen's method. The chromatic substance in the vegetative nueleus seems to have dissolved and diffused homogeneously into the nuclear sap. In the mature pollen grain, the nueleus is amoeboid in shape and is stained by Feulgen's method less than in the above mentioned state, showing a remarkable deerease of thymus nucleic acid. Considering the features mentioned above, the vegetative nueleus is supposed to be a degenerate element.
4) The generative nueleus is intensely stained by ordinary staining methods as well as by Feulgen's at every stage of the pollen development. In the mature pollen grain the nucleus often appears to be in a prophase-like condition, being surrounded by the characteristic sheath of cytoplasm which consists of a hyaline medium and many lipoid-like granules. The origin of these constituents of the generative cytosome has not yet been ascertained.
5) The haploid chromosome number is 11 and the diploid number is 22 in all three plant forms:
C. asiaticum, var.
japonicur,
C. gigas and
C. latifolium.
The writer wishes to express his cordial thanks to Dr. Sinotô for his helpful suggestions and criticism throughout the course of this investigation.
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Yoshitaka Imai
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
934-947
Published: August 31, 1937
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O. Moritz, H. L. Rohn
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
948-960
Published: August 31, 1937
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T. H. Goodspeed
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
961-966
Published: August 31, 1937
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T. Morinaga, H. Kuriyama
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
967-969
Published: August 31, 1937
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Die Morphologie des Spermatozoids von Reboulia hemisphaerica
Tadamasa Miduno
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
970-976
Published: August 31, 1937
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1) Das Kernstück ist hufeisenförmig oder sichelförmig, und die Länge desselben ist 10.38μ. Ausnahmsweise wurden Kernstücke, die 2/3 so lang wie die normalen sind, gefunden. Auch Kernstücke, deren beide Enden in verschiedenem Ausmaße zweifach gegabelt sind, wurden gefunden.
2) Das Plasmastück der reifen und schwimmenden Spermatozoiden war nicht immer zu finden. Die Form des Plasmastückes ist unbeständig.
3) Die Zahl der Zilien ist gewöhnlich zwei. Als Ausnahme wurden fünf Spermatozoiden mit drei Zilien gefunden.
4) Bei
Reboulia hemisphaeriea sind die Zilien im Verhältnis zu den Kernstücken lang. Das Verhältnis zwischen diesen beiden ist 3, demgemäßist die Zahl bei weitem größer als bei
Marchantia,
Conocephalus,
Dumortiera, oder
Wiesnerella. Darin findet man also ein auffallendes Merkmal für diese Art.
5) Bei dem Zwergspermatozoid ist die Zilienlänge gleich der des normalen Spermatozoids, und das Verhältnis zwischen Zilienlänge und Körperlänge wird ungewöhnlich groß, nämlich 5. Hieraus kann man ein wichtiges Problem in bezug auf das Blepharoplast ersehen.
Zum Schluß sei es mir gestattet, meinem hochverehrten Lehrer, Herrn Dr. Y. Sinotô, nach dessen wohlwollendem Vorschlag ich diese Forschung machte, an dieser Stelle meinen herzlichsten Dank auszusprechen.
Ein Teil der Ausgaben für diese Arbeit ist durch Gewähren einer Stiftung seitens der Japanischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung wissenschaftlicher Forschungen getragen worden, wofür der Verfasser hiermit seinen. verbindlichsten Dank ausdrückt.
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R. Ruggles Gates
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
977-986
Published: August 31, 1937
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The discovery that a particular pair of satellited chromosomes is concerned in producing the nucleolus in telophase depended an several independent lines of observation. The satellites were first observed by S. Navashin in 1912 as bodies attached to the nucleolus, and were believed to become attached to their respective chromosomes later in the prophase.
The earlier cytologists believed the nucleolus to arise as an independent body in telophase and to pass material an to the chromatin thread in prophase. A definite connection of morphological significance was first observed in polten mother cells of Lathyrus by Latter in 1926, between the nucleolus and the chromatin thread, the latter being constantly attached in leptotene and zygotene stages to a more deeply staining portion of the nucleolus which was called the nucleolar body.
In 1931, from observations of somatic telophase in various plants, Heitz concluded that a particular pair of satellited chromosomes was responsible for producing two nucleoli, or one if they were lying near enough together to touch and fuse.
In 1934, from a reciprocal translocation in maize in which the nucleolar body was broken into two, McClintock concluded that the nucleolar body was situated at a particular locus of the chromosome adjacent to the satellite, and that this body was normally concerned in organizing the nucleolus from the material of the chromosome matrix.
In 1934, essentially the saure relationships were shown for animals by Dearing, through an investigation of the somatic nuclei of Amblystoma. Two subterminal granules an the split telophase chromosome were found to fuse shortly, afterwards growing gradually into a nucleolus from that chromosome, which bears a large satellite at metaphase.
Among subsequent observations, it is found that in the polten mother celis of rice a terminal knob rather than a satellite is attached to the nucleolus, and that this attachment remains while the nucleolus gradually disappears.
Primula seclusa and certain strains of
Narcissus bulbocodium. var.
genuinus near Coimbra also appear to lack satellited chromosomes, yet produce a nucleolus. Similar conditions were found in Liverworts. The presence of a connecting thread is therefore unessential.
A diploid nucleus in plants or animals then usually contains a pair of chromosomes which are mainly concerned in organizing the nucleolus in telophase at a particular locus. This locus is usually subterminal, giving a satellite attached by a thread, which may increase greatly in length as the nucleolus grows.
Various other conditions are derivable from this through translocation, or perhaps in some Gases through mutation. Questions of variation in the size of satellites, or their disappearance, and their relation to particular phenotypic characters require further elucidation.
There appear to be two kinds of satellites, one concerned in the production of a nucleolus and the other not. Why the nucleolar body should be generally subterminal an a chromosome is not clear, nor is the nature of the delicate thread connecting the satellite to the chromosome.
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H. de Winiwarter
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
987-994
Published: August 31, 1937
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
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Y. Takenaka
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
995-1002
Published: August 31, 1937
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Erich Tschermak-Seysenegg
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
1003-1011
Published: August 31, 1937
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M. Sakisaka
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
1012-1014_1
Published: August 31, 1937
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C. L. Huskins
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
1015-1022_2
Published: August 31, 1937
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Zytologische Untersuchungen am Seidenspinner und seinen Verwandten. III
Eisaku Kawaguchi
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
1023-1032_1
Published: August 31, 1937
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1)
Walkeri, eine kontinentale Rasse von
Philosamia cynthia DRURY, die phylogenetisch wahrscheinlich primär ist, hat 13 haploide Chromosomen, wie schon DEDERER festgestellt hat.
2)
Pryeri, die japanische Rasse davon, hat dagegen 14 haploide Chromosomen.
3) In der späteren Diakinese während der Spermatogenese hat nur bei den letzteren immer eine Assoziation zwischen einem Paar Tetraden stattgefunden. Selten bleibt sie bis zu Metaphase in der ersten Teilung.
4) Beim F
1-Bastard zwischen beiden Rassen fand man nur 12 haploide Chromosomen, worunter zwei merkwürdige Chromosomen-verkettungen beobachtet wurden.
5) Die eine ist aus einem normalen Bivalent und einem Univalent entstanden. Diese bilden in Diakinese einen Ring und einen Stab, der an einem Ende mit dem Ring verbunden ist. Das ist also ein typisches Bild von Trivalent in der Diakinese.
6) Unter Berücksichtung der sekundäen Assoziation von einem Paar Tetraden bei der 14-Chromosomen-Rasse,
Pryeri, und des Bildes von Trivalent in der Diakinese wurde als höchst wahrscheinlich angenommen, daß eins von den 13 Chromosomen durch einen besonderen zytologischen Vorgang verdoppelt worden sei und nachher nach verschiedenen Richtungen innere Veränderungen erfahren habe. Diese verdoppelten Chromosomenpaare konjugieren deshalb bei
Pryeri nicht mehr miteinander.
7) Erst durch Bastardierung konjugieren diese zwei verwandten Chromosomen in
Pryeri mit dem ursprünglichen Chromosom in
Walkeri.
B) Betreffs der Kette von vier univalenten Chromosomen finden wir ganz ähnliche Beispiele bei Pflanzen-Bastarden, nämlich bei
Pisum,
Datura.,
Polemonium und
Zea Mays. Die für diese von den betreffenden Autoren angegebene einfache Erklärung kann man auch für unsere Fälle bei Schmetterlingen anwenden: Es hat nämlich Translokation eines Chromosoms an einem Ende stattgefunden.
9) Die Chromosomenaberrationen von
Philosantia cynthia, die DEDERER in ihren Kulturen im Laboratorium fand, sind wahrscheinlich den Nachkommen der Bastarde zwischen den 13- und 14-Chromosomen-Rassen zuzuschreiben.
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Ichiro Ohga
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
1033-1035
Published: August 31, 1937
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I. Das Verhalten der mitotischen Figur unter der Wirkung des Gleichstromes
Noburô Kamiya
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
1036-1042
Published: August 31, 1937
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Die Verschiebbarkeit der mitotischen Figur unter der Einwirkung des Gleichstromes wurde bei den Staubfadenhaarzellen von
Tradescantia reflexa im lebenden Zustande untersucht. Die wichtigen Ergebnisse lauten wie folgt:
1. Die Spindelfigur verlagert sich unter der Einwirkung eines geeignet starken Stromes als Ganzes nach der Anode, wobei eine relative Bewegung zwischen den Chromosomen und der Spindelsubstanz (Atraktoplasma) kaum erkennbar ist; beim Stromunterbruch kehrt sie auch als Ganzes schnell zu ihrer Anfangsstelle zurück und kommt danach wieder in die Mitte der Zelle. Diese reversible Hinund Herbewegung der Spindelfigur wird daher nicht als Elektrophorese der Chromosomen angesehen; sie scheint vielmehr auf verschiedenen polarisatorischen Veränderungen des Zytoplasmas zu beruhen.
2. Unter dem zu starken Strom oder der zu langen Wirkungsdauer bewegt sich die Spindelfigur einmal auffallend anodisch hin, jedoch infolge der Gelifikation des Zytoplasmas kehrt sie nicht mehr zu ihrer Anfangsstelle zurück.
3. Die Verschiebbarkeit der Spindelfigur fängt bei der späten Prophase an und dauert bis zur Scheidewandbildung, wobei sie in der Meta- und Anaphase am stärksten ist.
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Berwind P. Kaufmann
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
1043-1055
Published: August 31, 1937
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1) The chromosome complement of
D. ananassae, studied in the neurocytes, consists of three pairs of V-shaped autosom.es and the sex chromosomes. These are a pair of V-shaped X-chromosomes in the female, an X and a J-shaped Y-chromosome in the male. The chromosomes may be distinguished by relative, sizes and characteristic constrictions.
2) The fourth chromosomes and the Y-chromosome appear totally heteropyknotic in resting and early prophase stages of mitotic cells. Short heteropyknotic regions lie adjacent to the spindle attachment regions of the X-chromosomes and the four longer autosomes.
3) In salivary gland nuclei there are but six chromosome arms with euchromatic sections. Four of these represent the paired arms of the longer autosomes, the other two the X-chromosome arms. The fourth chromosomes are represented in salivary gland nuclei by a small bipartite mass of heterochromatin which forms part of the chromocenter.
4) In mitotic prophases of female larvae the fourth chromosomes are associated with the nucleolus, which separates a small satellite-like portion from the remainder of the long arm of these chromosomes. In the male the Y-chromosome forms a third member of the group associated with the nucleolus.
5) The fourth chromosome-nucleolus-satellite relationship is. also evident, in salivary gland nuclei, the satellite appearing as a banded body associated with the nucleolus, and also connected with the fourth chromosomes by chromatic strands.
6) The chromocenter of mitotic cells and of the salivary gland cells is not amorphous, but discloses, under suitable conditions, the limits of the component chromosomes.
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Masayosi Satô
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
1056-1061
Published: August 31, 1937
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The ferst generation progeny raised from the seeds obtained by seif- and inter-pollinations of the triploid
Lilium tigrinum have been examined with a view of obtaining evidente of variation of their chromosome complements. The plants examined varied markedly in their somatic numbers representing all the numbers between 24 and 39, except 31. Beside these, there were found a number of plants with fragments, i.e. 25+f, 26+f, 27+f and 28+f. The karyotypes were analyzed from the stand point of large V-chromosomes, which showed that the karyotypes were not uniform in these plants.
The writer is deeply indebted to Dr. Y. Sinotô who has given him kind advice and criticism. Thanks are also due to Dr. Y. Takenaka who kindly gave him some material for the present study.
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Kosuke Yamashita
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
1062-1069
Published: August 31, 1937
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Albert F. Blakeslee, A. Dorothy Bergner, Amos G. Avery
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
1070-1093
Published: August 31, 1937
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Data are presented an the distribution of chromosomal prime types (PT's) in 583 races (287 purples, 289 whites and 7 races which were heterozygous for P and W) from 362 loci exclusive of 51 races from Botanic Gardens and commercial firms. Prime types found in nature consist exclusively of races produced by segmental interchange between non-homologous chromosomes in terms of a standard race,
PT 1. With the exception of two single races, only five prime types (PT's 1, 2, 3, 4, 7) have appeared in our collections. Some areas are represented by a single PT or PT association. Thus, all the races from Eastern Europe with the exception of one race from Russia and all the races from Asia with the exception of Japan are white-flowered PT 2; all the races from Brazil are PT 1 and also have white flowers; all the races from Peru are PT 3 associated with PT 2. In some areas a mixture of types has been found, for example, in Southwestern Europe, the West Indies and Central America. In the United States most of the races are purples and predominantly PT 1 with PT's 2, 4 and 7 occurring scattered within the eastern area. Whites are found more frequently among the PT 2's than among the PT 1's, a fact which suggests that PT 2 was introduced into this region as a white rate from Europe or Africa where white PT 2's are predominant. Prime type 3 has always been found associated with PT 2 which latter PT is the one most widely distributed. lt is concluded that PT 3 probably arose in a PT 2 race. The two other species of the
stramonium group,
D. quercifolia and
D. ferox, have been found within the range of the “Peruvian” PT 2-PT 3 rate. Since the tester races of these two species both have the four chromosomes of PT 2 and PT 3, it is suggested that these two species are phylogenetically related to
D. stramonium through PT 2 and 3. Prime type 2 chromosomes are found in the majority of the
Datura species tested. Prime type 4 and PT 7, however, appear to be limited to
D. stramonium.
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Z. Wóycicki
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
1094-1100
Published: August 31, 1937
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1. La paroi externe du sac pollinique de
Sweertia diffère, au point de vue de la structure, de la paroi des
Gentianes, étudiées jusqu'à présent (
G. aselepiadea,
G. Fetisowi et
G. lutea), car eile est formée d'un plus grand nombre d'assises (6-7).
2. Tapetum est formé de deux couches, ce qui permet de distinguer une couche fondamentale, év. couche de “transfusion”. Les cellules de ces deux couches restent uninucleaires.
3. Les chromosomes meiotiques chez
Siveertia perennis présentent, malgré leur petitesse, une structure “chromomérique” depuis leptotene jusqu'au diplotène précoce.
4. Pendant la diacinèse les chromosomes homologues forment le plus souvent des couples parallèles en forme de V; souvent les couples s'unissent par deux bouts ce qui mène à la formation des ellipses ou des cercles; enfin un des couples prend habituellement la forme d'une tenaille fermée, avec “interstitial chiasmata”
5. Le nombre de geminis est de 12 et le nombre d'univalents dans l'anaphase (ou au stade des diades) est également de 12. Ce nombre s'approche du nombre de chromosomes établi par OEHLER pour
Vopriella parviflora ou par SAKAI pour
Gentiana Makingi.
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The trigenomic hybrids of Papaver
K. Yasui
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
1101-1112_2
Published: August 31, 1937
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1. A hybrid between
P. somniferum and the plant No. 41-8 (a supposed natural hybrid between
P orientale and
P. bracteata) was produced. The F
1 plant resembled the male plant mostly in its external characters, but a few characters resembled those of the female parent.
2. The chromosome number in the root-tip cells in many young F
1 seedlings was 25 which is the sum of the gametic numbers of the parent plants, but the chromosome number of a matured F
1 plant, from which the material of this cytological study was obtained, was 26. The one additional chromosome may haue been derived from the male parent.
3. There were found mainly two kinds of PMCs, an ordinary and an enormous one, in the F
1 plant. The chromosome constitution in the ordinary PMC was 61
II+l
III+11
I. The meiosis in these PMCs was in general of the
Triticum type and produced dyads, triads, pentads, hexads together with tetrads, also showing other irregularities, such as extranuclear chromosomes, chromosome bridge, lagging chromosome, miniature pollen grains, etc. The relationships of the genoms in the F
1 plant were discussed.
Enormous PMCs derived from the archesporial cells by irregular premeiotic divisions were observed. Chromosome numbers in them were various, showing more bivalents and less univalents than those of the ordinary PMC. As a result some multiploid or aneuploid gametophyte may be produced.
The abortive-PMC is the small sister cell of the enormous one. It has always the resting nucleus showing no trace of the meiosis. This suppression of meiotic division is considered as due to a, gene or genes which govern the meiotic process.
Here the writer wishes to express her best thanks to Prof. K. Fujii, by whose suggestion these studies were started, for his valuable advice throughout the course of the work. The expence of carrying out this study was partly defrayed out of a graut from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Scientific Research, to which the writer's thanks are due.
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W. A. Becker
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
1113-1124
Published: August 31, 1937
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Auf Grund der Untersuchungen über das Schrittwachstum von
Basidiobolus ranarum wurde festgestellt, daß das Schrittwachstum auf einer rhythmischen Kontraktion des Plasmas in dem Terminalteil der Hyphe und der Abgliederung kernloser, plasmaarmer Zellen beruht. Es wurde auf andere Fälle ähnlicher Plasmakontraktion, sowie auf die Möglichkeit des Zurückbleibens dünner Hyaloplasmaschichten an der verlassenen Membran hingewiesen.
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M. Demerec
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
1125-1132
Published: August 31, 1937
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From a total of 61 Jethals affecting known loei of the X-chromosome, and induced by X-ray treatment of 2500 to 3000 r-units, 26 or 42.6 per Cent had ehromosomal aberrations such as inversions and translocations. In 92.3 per cent of cases one breakage point of the chromosomal aberration coincided with the region where the lethal change took place.
Of 30 visible mutations induced by a similar treatment only one carried a chromosomal aberration. This, however, did not coincide with the region where visible change took place.
Data available an 80 spontaneous Jethals show that none was conneeted with either an inversion or a translocation. Among Jethals induced by X-ray treatment, the frequency of such chromosomal aberrations increases with the increase of dosage.
It has been determined by salivary chromosome studies that all investigated lethals affecting known loci are minnte deficiencies. It is suggested that either all or a great majority of random lethals are also deficiencies, and that some of the small deficiencies may not have a lethal effect.
Coincidence between a breakage point of a chromosomal aberration and the place where a deficiency has occurred indicates that these two processes may be induced by the same mechanism. Chemical changes producing small deficiencies are responsible for breaks in chromosomes. Free ends produced by such breaks have a tendency to join again. If the frequency of breaks in a nucleus is low, as in Gase of spontaneous changes, chromosomal rearrangements have little chance to occur, but if it is high, as in Gase of high dosage X-ray treatment, the opportunity for the origin of chromosomal rearrangements (inversions and translocations) is also high.
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Tadao Sato, Hiroshi Tamiya
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
1133-1138
Published: August 31, 1937
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Y. Sinotô
1937 Volume FujiiJubilaei Issue 2 Pages
1139-1146
Published: August 31, 1937
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