Aesthetics

[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages Cover1-
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_Cover1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages App1-
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_App1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages App2-
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_App2

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages Toc1-
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_Toc1

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Travelling in Pursuit of Beauty : Toward Aesthetics of Tourism

Eske TSUGAMI

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 2-14
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_2

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Tourism is a travel for pleasure, especially for the pleasure of seeing. Baumgarten in his Aesthetica identified beauty as "perfection of sense perception, as such". This can be paraphrased as a state of our mind in which we look in order to look (or listen in order to listen), with pleasure and without having it hindered by anything external or taken over by intellectual cognition. Since tourism meets these conditions, it qualifies as the pursuit of beauty. Analysis of tourist activities in photographing, gastronomy and "consumption" shows that photography, tourism-oriented culinary establishments and admission fees mediate between the tourist and the object visited by making the latter appropriate for the former's aesthetic experience. Aesthetics of tourism is thus both possible and necessary as a bridge between aesthetics and tourism research. Contributions expected from this new field of research include applying Kant's argument of disinterestedness against the current tourism research's uncritical conception of tourists' "consumption" of tourist resources and enhancing, through historical researches on ideal beauty sought by tourists of each period, aesthetics' knowledge of the background against which past philosophers presented their theories of beauty and art.

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Sur l'<<art magique>> chez Georges Bataille

Atsushi OGINO

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 15-28
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_15

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Dans Lascaux ou la naissance de l'art (1955), Georges Bataille se heurte a une aporie de l'art prehistorique, en y trouvant l'essence de magie: il lui fallut admettre son cote utile, alors qu'il considerait l'art en general comme inutile. Cette aporie tient a l'ambiguite meme de l'<<art magique>>, ambiguite qui caracterise l'esthetique anthro-pologique de Bataille, dont la naissance releve du travail qui se lie a calcul interesse et a l'intention efficace. Mais, pour Bataille, l'intention magique doit etre depassee par l'operation qui fait participer les hommes a la realite sensible ou bien au sacre par le jeu. Bataille trouve les signes de l'operation dans l'<<aveugle surete>> qui compose l'ensemble magnifique de la frise de Lascaux, et dans l'expression de l'<<enchevetrement>>. Il nous amene a ignorer la necessite materielle au milieu de cette realite sensible, a la faveur de la volonte de merveille qui communique avec nous. Etrangere a l'intention prealable et efficace, cette realite se caracterise par l'essence ephemere: l'operation qui ouvre cette realite veut dire la creation d'un monde, il s'agit de chaque geste recommence au moment de <<genie>>. Ce que Bataille presente est l'oeuvre d'art qui n'a pas de sens de decoration durable. Nous pouvons conclure donc que l'<<art magique>> est la survivance miraculeuse des gestes ephemeres.

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What is the 'haptic'? : Consideration of Logique de la sensation and Deleuze's theory of sensation

Yoshitaka OHTA

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 29-42
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_29

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In his work entitled, Francis Bacon: Logique de la sensation (1981), Gilles Deleuze develops his theory of sensation by considering works by the painter Francis Bacon. The concept of the "haptic (haptique)" plays an important role in Deleuze's analysis of Bacon's paintings. The concept derives from the word "haptic ("taktisch" or "haptisch") as discussed by Alois Riegl. Deleuze captures Riegl's idea of the haptic as opposed to the optic, and extends it in a new direction. The main purpose of my study is to clarify the difference between the ideas of Riegl and Deleuze, and to achieve better understanding of Deleuze's theory of sensation by paying special attention to the haptic. In this paper, I focus on Deleuze's definition of the haptic through examining its use in his works Mille plateaux (1980) and the above-mentioned. Then I discuss the issues of color, the action of the hand, and the "meat," three things which Deleuze saw as crucial to Bacon's technique of painting. In my view, the haptic should be understood in relation to contingency and chance.

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Asthetik der Praxis in der Phanomenologie von Hermann Schmitz : Betrachtungen uber Landschaft und Gefuhle

Hiroaki FURUKAWA

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 43-56
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_43

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Hermann Schmitzs Asthetik ist zunachst praktische Asthetik, da seine Phanomenologie, die die Asthetik einschliesst, eine praktische Aufgabe hat. Diese Aufgabe ist, die Introjektion, bei der die Stimmungen einer Landschaft als Projektionen aus der Innenwelt eines Subjekts betrachtet werden, zu uberwinden, und die rezessive Entfremdung der Subjektivitat, bei der das menschliche Subjekt an den Rand der Welt verbannt wird, zu kurieren, und den Menschen mitten in seine Umgebung einzuordnen. Diese Aufgabe versucht Schmitz mit der kritischen Ubernahme der Asthetik Moritz Geigers, vor allem dessen Landschaftsansicht, zu bewaltigen. Schmitz meint, dass die Heiterkeit der Landschaft das uberpersonliche und praobjektive, ganzheitlich-atmospharische Gefuhl ist, das weder aus dem Subjekt noch aus den Objekten entspringt. Und er bestimmt aufs Neue asthetischen Genuss als lustvolles Sicheinlassen auf eine von asthetischer Andacht hervorgebrachte, gluckliche Mitte zwischen Distanz und Ergriffenheit. Schmitzs Asthetik ist auch eine Asthetik von der Praxis, die, aristotelisch verstanden, Lebensfuhrung im Gegensatz zur Fertigung eines objektivierten Werkes (Poiesis) ist. Bei seiner Asthetik besteht die Moglichkeit, Landschaft als Praxis zu argumentieren, denn Landschaft wird durch rahmendes, und damit zugleich filterndes Sehen als umfriedete Wohnung angesehen, in der sich der Mensch mit den abgrundigen Gefuhlen so arrangiert, dass er zu ihnen ein harmonisches Verhaltnis findet.

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How the Korean embassy is depicted in Japanese art

Jihye YOON

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 57-70
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_57

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During the Edo period, the Korean embassy paid 12 courtesy visits to the Tokugawa shogunate. These visit brought about something new in Japanese art. First, the Korean people and their procession resulted in a new form of expression that displayed a kind of exoticism. Second, these visits led to an exchange between Japanese and Korean artists on their views regarding techniques and styles. In this paper, I illustrate the process of the change in the depiction of Korean people in Japanese art. In particular, I focus on the change in the representation of the marching band that attended the embassy. The members of the marching band wore two kinds of attires. The first was a red robe and a hat with plumes and the second, a blue robe and a cap with a red tassel. Although the uniforms of the marching band, as depicted in the works of Ukiyoe painters, were unrealistic, they are not yet become exotic. However, with the passage of time, the uniforms were reproduced in the cos-tume parades and portrayed rather exotically by the Ukiyoe painters. Such portrayal was unreal. In those days, however, the Japanese people regarded and treated the Koreans as foreigners.

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Widerspruche der Ausserungen uber die Ausstellung altjapanischer Kunst in Berlin 1939 : Schatzung der japanischen Kunst and Absicht der Ausstellung

Miyuki YASUMATSU

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 71-84
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_71

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In 1939 wurde die Ausstellung altjapanischer Kunst in Berlin verangestaltet, eine der grossten Ausstellungen von der japanischen Kunst in Europa. In dieser Ausstellung gehorten 94 Werke unter die 126 ausgestellten Objekte zu den staatlichen Kunstdenkmalern von Japan. Aber die politische Situation unter der Nazi-Regierung warf Schatten auf diese Ausstellung. Trotz der seltenen Bedeutung im Kunstaustausch ist sie sowohl in Deutschland als auch in Japan fast Vergessenheit geraten. Seit 1999 untersuche ich uber diese Ausstellung und ihre Hintergrunde der Realisierung. Dieser Beitrag versucht, durch die damaligen Presseberichten, Nachlichtsfilme und sonstigen Quellen die Umstande dieser Ausstellung ausfuhrlicher zu erfassn. Man gelangt zu dem Ergebnis, dass die Materialien die bemerkenswerten Widerspruche und Unterschiede in Haltung und Absicht der Mitspieler dieser Ausstellung zeigen. Das ist: 1) Widerspruch zwischen den japanischen und deutschen Presseberichten uber die Hitlers Interesse an der japanischen Kunst; 2) Die Schatzung der japanischen Kunst und nicht eindeutige Haltung der deutschen Presseberichten zur "Entaltete Kunst", die sie fur die Schatzung der japanischen Kunst herangezogen haben; 3) Schatzung von Ukiyoe und Malerei bzw. Skulptur von den japanischen und deutschen Kunsthistoriker und Politiker.

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A study on El Greco's St. Ildefonso in Illescas : Focusing on El Greco's relationship with Pedro Salazar de Mendoza

Sai KADOTA

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 85-98
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_85

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In this paper, I investigate El Greco's St. Ildefonso, currently placed at the Chapel of the Hospital of Charity in Illescas. This was painted in his most prolific stage, around 1600. Until recently the details of the commission issued to El Greco have not been obvious. Here, I present a tentative plan concerning the ditails of the commission of St Ildefonso, examining the relationship between El Greco and Salazar de Mendoza, a patron of El Greco. First, I focus on how St. Ildefonso is depicted as a Church Father, or author/scholar figure, which differs from the general representation of St. Ildefonso which portrays him receiving the chasuble, or dressed as an archbishop. I demonstrate how that El Greco's Ildefonso resembles the figure of St. Jerome in his study and I examine the description on St. Jerome and St. Ildefonso in Mendoza's work El Glorioso San Ildefonso…(1618), thus adding evidence for the likelihood of an influence from Mendoza. Moreover, I suggest a close connection between Charity and Mendoza. This is evident from the fact that El Greco and Charity both signed a contract for the retable at the Hospital Tavera, of which Mendoza was administrator. The goal of this paper is to present the details of the commission of St. Ildefonso, considering the intervention of Mendoza, an Toledan.

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Portrait of Cristobal Suarez de Ribera by Velazquez : its opening and the function of the gesture

Tae MOROHOSHI

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 99-112
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_99

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This paper examines the opening and the function of the gesture of Cristobal Suarez de Ribera in his portrait by Velazquez. The portrait was painted in 1620, that is two years after the subject's death, and was placed above the tomb of Cristobal Suarez in the Chapel of San Hermenegildo in Seville, which he had founded from 1606 to 1616. As was the custom for funerary sculptures, he is shown kneeling in the attitude of a prayer. However he is pointing towards the main altar which contains a polychrome statue of San Hermenegildo by Martinez Montanes. This gesture is exceptional for a funerary portraiture, which leads us to consider that the portrait performs a specific function in the Chapel. In this point, showing how the portrait was hung in the Chapel in the 17th century, I point out that Suarez in this portrait plays a role similar to the intercession. According to the documents, Suarez was known as a leading figure in the veneration of San Hermenegildo at that time, which makes us consider that Velazquez painted the portrait in a peculiar manner so that Suarez could seem to be playing a role of mediator between the members of the Confraternity of San Hermenegildo and the statue of the saint in the main altar.

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L'influence de l'esquisse sur les natures mortes de J.-S. Chardin

Takumi MIYAZAKI

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 113-126
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_113

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Les natures mortes de Jean-Simeon Chardin (1699-1779) etaient tres admirees au Salon, a la fois pour la facilite de leur execution et pour le refus des details. Et ce alors meme que, jusqu'a cette epoque, presque tous les peintres de natures mortes representaient tous les details de motifs avec le plus grand soin. Le but du present essai est d'eclairer l'influence de l'esquisse, de la premiere pensee du tableau, sur l'execution si particuliere des natures mortes de Chardin. Au XVIIIe siecle un nombre croissant d'amateurs et de connaisseurs entourant Chardin, comme Denis Diderot, admiraient les peintures de genres classees au bas de la hierarchie des genres, et parmi elles les natures mortes de Chardin. En outre, ils les estimaient davantage pour l'execution que pour la valeur des motifs peints. L'analyse d'exemples precis permet de degager des ressemblances entre l'execution des natures mortes par Chardin et celle des esquisses que de plus en plus de contemporains admiraient. Jusqu'a l'epoque ou il commenca a presenter ses natures mortes au Salon, Chardin put prendre conscience de l'importance de l'esquisse, parce qu'il en executai beaucoup, en collectionnait et en parlait meme au Salon.

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Poetics and Rhetoric in the Italian Movement for Rational Architecture : Edoardo Persico and Conflicts of the Modern

Hideki SABAE

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 127-139
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_127

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This paper aims at investigating the peculiar aspects of Italian architectural culture under the fascist regime. Edoardo Persico, the most important critic of architecture between the two wars, recognized well that political powers and architecture crossed on the critical discourse. From this point of view, he defined the short history of this Italian movement as a process from 'europeismo' to 'romanita', and to 'mediterraneita'. These notions do not imply the supremacy of Italian ethic and nation, but demonstrate that young architects, who had been eager to introduce European modern building styles into their own country, was subordinated to political requests of fascism. Yet it was more important for Persico to reveal the rhetorical mechanism that obstructed the European artistic taste ('gusto europeo') and also disguised the Italian one ('gusto italiano') as they were. Hence his analysis of a lot of reviews appeared on the catalogues or magazines proved the diversity of the modern culture. Persico was the only writer that could describe the whole space of critical discourse as a matrix of fascist cultures with some paradoxical characters.

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in/outside 'poverta' : thinking about the territory of 'Arte povera'

Ayako IKENO

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 140-153
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_140

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This research is going to talk about the formation of 'Arte povera' as an artistic movement. Today, Arte povera is well-known all over the world as that which used 'poor' materials, such as woods, papers, coals, etc. Although this definition does not always accord with the works in respect of materials and concepts, that critical term 'povera' has succeeded in grouping up the various artists. In fact 'povera' is so ambiguous term that we can do nothing but refer to the text of a critic, Germano Celant, who named this movement. But it can be thought that between the critical discourses and the diverse works, there should be essential difference. Making it clear, this text will study from following three perspectives; the strategy of Celant, contradiction between his rhetoric and acts of artists, and problem with historicization and reception of 'Arte povera.' Through these analyses, it is aimed to show what is included in and what is excluded from the territory of 'Arte povera' along its history.

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Creativity in Jean Rouch's Film La Pyramide humaine : Based on Deleuze's Idea of 'the Power of the False'

Aya OGAWARA

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 154-166
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_154

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Jean Rouch advocated "cinema-verite" because he considered narrative cinema as the best way to show truth. In his film La Pyramide humaine (1961), some black African students and some white French students at a Cote-d'Ivoire high school improvise according to a general story line in which they make friends with one another. Rouch, following his performers with the camera in his hand, provokes them into action and storytelling. He engages in storytelling as an accomplice. In the classical cinema, characters are in the image, while the camera/director stays outside. Within this framework what the character sees is shown to be equal with what the camera/director sees. According to Deleuze, this not only presents the model of truth but also establishes the identity of the character seen and the one who sees. But in La Pyramide humaine, the camera/director is involved in the image. This precludes the equation, and, consequently, the established truth as well as the identity of characters. In this way, the students become others. "I is another" is a false proposition, but it enables them to tell a story. It has the power to create-to create a truth. Such creativity is what Rouch aimed for in his cinema.

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 167-183
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_167

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 184-185
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_184

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 185-186
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_185

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 186-
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_186_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 186-188
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_186_2

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 188-
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_188

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 189-190
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_189

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 190-191
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_190

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 191-192
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_191

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 192-193
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_192

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 193-194
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_193

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 194-195
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_194

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 195-196
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_195

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 196-197
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_196

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 198-
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_198

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 199-200
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_199

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 200-201
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_200

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 201-
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_201

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Bibliography
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 207-202
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_207

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages Toc2-
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_Toc2

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
2008 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages Cover2-
Published: June 30, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20631/bigaku.59.1_Cover2

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