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Volume 82 (1977)
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- Issue 5 Pages 1189-
- Issue 4 Pages 923-
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Volume 82, Issue 6
Displaying 1-36 of 36 articles from this issue
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Sumio YANO, Osamu TAMEMASA1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1505-1511
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFormation of ribothymidine by the ribose exchange reaction between thymine and uridine with the cell-free extract of mouse Ehrlich ascites tumor cells was demonstrated. Since phosphate ions appear to be not required for this reaction, perhaps it proceeds by the mechanism of direct exchange of nucleoside N-ribosyltransferase. The transfer activity was found in the precipitates when the crude extract was fractionated with 30-60% saturated ammonium sulfate.
Ribothymidine formation was also demonstrated between thymine and ribonucleosides other than uridine with this tumor extract. Production of ribothymidine from thymine and uridne was detected also by the use of extracts from lung, brain, and regenerating liver of normal rats, and from newborn rats (whole body). An extract of Rhodamine sarcoma exhibited the ribose exchange activity, while that of human gastric cancer did not.View full abstractDownload PDF (526K) -
X. Isolation and Partial Characterization of Four Soybean Double-Headed Proteinase InhibitorsShoji ODANI, Tokuji IKENAKA1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1513-1522
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFour Bowman-Birk type double-headed inhibitors (B, C-II, D-II, and E-I) were isolated from soybeans. Inhibitor B was different from Bowman-Birk inhibitor only in chromatographic behaviour. One mole of C-II inhibited one mole each of bovine trypsin and bovine α-chymo-trypsin, probably at the same site, and porcine elastase at another reactive site. In the ordinary assay system D-II and E-I inhibited only trypsin activity at a non-stoichiometric inhibitorenzyme ratio of 1:1.4, and the complexes had rather high dissociation constants. These inhibitors were all inactive toward subtilisin BPN'.View full abstractDownload PDF (616K) -
XI. Complete Amino Acid Sequence of a Soybean Trypsin-Chymotrypsin-Elastase Inhibitor, C-IIShoji ODANI, Tokuji IKENAKA1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1523-1531
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSoybean inhibitor C-II, which inhibits trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, and elastase, was reduced and S-carboxymethylated, and digested with trypsin. The amino acid sequences of the resulting tryptic peptides were determined by conventional methods, establishing the complete 76-amino acid sequence of the inhibitor.
Inhibitor C-II was found to be homologous with soybean (Glycine max) Bowman-Birk inhibitor and more closely related to an inhibitor from garden beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). The homology with these inhibitors and the limited proteolysis of C-II indicated the reactive sites of C-II for elastase and trypsin to be alanine-22 and arginine-49, respectively. Arginine-49 was also identified as a reactive site for α-chymotrypsin. It was found that only a few replacements of one or two amino acid residues around the reactive sites resulted in considerable alteration of the inhibitory specificity.View full abstractDownload PDF (603K) -
Setsuko AOKI, Takashi MANABE, Tsuneo OKUYAMA1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1533-1539
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe molecular size of bovine brain mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) was investigated. Mitochondria were solubilized with an anionic detergent, Emarl 20C, and fractionated by ammonium sulfate. Ammonium sulfate-fractionated MAO was subjected to detergentcontaining gel chromatography and detergent-containing gel electrophoresis. MAO activity appeared as single symmetrical peak in gel chromatography in the presence of 1% Emarl 20C, and the molecular weight was estimated to be 44, 000. Polymerization of MAO was observed when gel chromatography was performed in lower (0.1%, 0%) concentrations of Emarl 20C. Activity staining of MAO after electrophoresis on a gel containing 0.1% Emar 20C was successful. The molecular weight of MAO estimated from the mobility of this stained band was 89, 000. It is suggested that the molecular weight of MAO is 44, 000 and that it recombines in low concentrations of the detergent to form complex particles with molecular weights of 89, 000 or more.View full abstractDownload PDF (1708K) -
I. Intracellular Sites of Synthesis of Cytochrome b5 and NADPH-Cytochrome c ReductaseTomoyuki HARANO, Tsuneo OMURA1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1541-1549
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe sites of synthesis of microsomal membrane proteins, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome b5, were investigated by three methods; the in vitro synthesis of these proteins by isolated rough microsomes, the immunoprecipitation of polyribosomes carrying their nascent peptides, and the immunoprecipitation of in vivo-labeled nascent peptides. The in vitro incorporation experiment confirmed that the synthesis of these microsomal proteins was carried out by the bound polyribosomes of rough microsomes. When free and bound polyribosomes were separately examined by the other two methods, we found that NADPH-cytochrome c reductase was synthesized by both classes of polyribosomes, whereas cytochrome b5 was synthesized only by bound polyribosomes.View full abstractDownload PDF (671K) -
II. Discharge of the Nascent Peptides of NADPH-Cytochrome c Reductase and Cytochrome b5 on the Cytoplasmic Side of the Endoplasmic Reticulum MembraneTomoyuki HARANO, Tsuneo OMURA1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1551-1557
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe direction of discharge of the nascent peptides of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome b5 from bound polyribosomes of rough microsomes was investigated in order to elucidate the mechanism of separation of these membrane proteins from secretory proteins, which are also synthesized by the same class of ribosomes of rough endoplasmic reticulum.
The nascent peptides of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome b5 in intact rough microsomes were accessible to externally added 125I-Fab's against these proteins, and were susceptible to trypsin digestion, whereas the nascent peptides of serum albumin were not. The nascent peptides of these two microsomal proteins were released into the cytoplasm by puromycin treatment of intact rough microsomes, while the nascent peptides of serum albumin were retained in the microsomal lumen.
These observations suggest that the nascent peptides of microsomal proteins, which are present on the cytoplasmic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, are exposed on the surface of microsomal vesicles, while those of secretory proteins are enclosed inside the vesicles. Therefore, the topographical separation of microsomal membrane proteins from secretory proteins is accomplished at the step of their synthesis by the bound polyribosomes of rough endoplasmic reticulum.View full abstractDownload PDF (546K) -
Hitoshi AOSHIMA, Tadahiko KAJIWARA, Akikazu HATANAKA, Hiroyuki HATANO1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1559-1565
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe rate of oxygenation and that of trapping linoleic acid free radicals in the lipoxygenase [EC 1. 13. 11. 12] reaction were measured in the presence of linoleic acid, oxygen, and nitrosobenzene at various concentrations, with a Clark oxygen electrode and ESR spectroscopy. The results were interpreted under the assumption that the free radical of linoleic acid, an intermediate of the lipoxygenase reaction, reacts competitively with oxygen or nitrosobenzene.
The oxidation of the iron in the active site of lipoxygenase caused by the spin label reagent, 2-(10-carboxydecyl)-2-hexyl-4, 4-dimethyl-3-oxazolidinyioxyl, was also observed by ESR- and fluorescence-spectroscopy.View full abstractDownload PDF (438K) -
Fumiko MAKINO, Hiroshi TANOOKA, Mutsuo SEKIGUCHI1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1567-1573
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe action of T4 endonuclease V on DNA containing various photoproducts was investigated. (1) The enzyme introduced strand breaks in DNA from ultraviolet-irradiated vegetative cells of Bacillus subtilis but not in DNA from irradiated spores of the same organism. DNA irradiated with long wavelength (360nm peak) ultraviolet light in the presence of 4, 5', 8-trimethylpsoralen was not attacked by the enzyme. These results indicate that 5-thyminyl-5, 6-dihydrothymine (spore photoproduct) and psoralen-mediated cross-links in DNA are not recognized by T4 endonuclease V. (2) DNA of phage PBS1, containing uracil in place of thymine, and DNA of phage SPO1, containing hydroxymethyluracil in place of thymine, were fragmented by the enzyme when the DNA's had been irradiated with ultraviolet light. T4 endonuclease V seems to act on DNA with pyrimidine dimers whether the dimers contain thymine residues or not.View full abstractDownload PDF (457K) -
Tohru NAKAZAWA, Tomoyuki NUNOKAWA1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1575-1583
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe characteristics of mitochondria isolated from perfused livers of rats under hypoxic or oxic conditions were studied. The electron transfer activity was about 60% of normal after hypoxic perfusion for 3h, but respiratory control was abolished almost completely. These parameters recovered considerably on subsequent oxic perfusion. The adenine nucleotide contents and their net uptake decreased in hypoxia, closely correlated with the energy transduction. Energy-dependent nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase activity and NAD reduction by succinate in submitochondrial particles were most severely inhibited after hypoxic perfusion and were also correlated with adenine nucleotide contents in the particles. These results are discussed in terms of the involvement of adenine nucleotides in energy-transducing systems in mitochondrial membranes.View full abstractDownload PDF (653K) -
Tanetoshi KOYAMA, Yukiko SAITO, Kyozo OGURA, Shuichi SETO1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1585-1590
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo forms of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase were separated from hog liver extracts by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography. They were designated as farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase A and B, in order of elution. Both enzymes catalyzed the exclusive formation of E, E-farnesyl pyrophosphate from isopentenyl pyrophosphate and either dimethylallyl pyrophosphate or geranyl pyrophosphate. They also showed no detectable differences in pH optima, molecular weights, and susceptibilities to metalions. However, the catalytic activity of the synthetase B was greatly stimulated by the addition of common sulfhydryl reagents. This stimulation was the result of conversion of the synthetase B into the synthetase A. Conversely the synthetase A was converted into form B when it was dialyzed against a buffer solution containing cupric ions. It is suggested that the formation and cleavage of disulfide bond (s) is involved in the interconversion between the two forms.View full abstractDownload PDF (407K) -
I. Microsomal Deacetylation of T-2 Toxin in Animal TissuesMinoru OHTA, Kenji ISHII, Yoshio UENO1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1591-1598
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn an attempt to elucidate the active form of T-2 toxin, one of trichothecene mycotoxins in vivo, the metabolism in animal tissues was studied in vitro by using gas liquid chromatography.
T-2 toxin was selectively hydrolysed by the microsomal esterase at C-4, giving rise to HT-2 toxin as the only metabolite. This esterase activity was found mainly in the microsomes of liver, kidney, and spleen of laboratory animals. Since the enzymatic hydrolysis of T-2 toxin was inhibited by eserine, and diisopropylfluorophosphate, it is concluded that nonspecific carboxyesterase [EC 3. 1. 1. 1] of microsomal origin participates in this type of selective hydrolysis of T-2 toxin. The microsomal fraction from rabbit liver was proved to be a convinient material for the preparation of HT-2 toxin from T-2 toxin.
From the evidence that the toxicity of HT-2 toxin is comparable to that of T-2 toxin and that the microsomal fraction of whole liver possesses the ability to biotransform the total lethal dose of T-2 toxin into HT-2 within a few minutes, T-2 toxin administered to animals is presumed to exhibit its toxicity partly as HT-2 toxin.View full abstractDownload PDF (589K) -
Akio MAEDA, Tatsuo IWASA, Toru YOSHIZAWA1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1599-1604
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Retinal isomers extracted from the acid-hydrolysate of cetyltrimethylammonium bromidetreated dark-adapted bacteriorhodopsin (bRD) were analyzed in a high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) system. The extract from bRD contains almost equal molar amounts of both 13-cis retinal and all-trans retinal isomers. The extent of isomerization and the yield of both isomers during the isolation process were investigated by the application of the same extraction procedure to artificial bacteriorhodopsin reconstituted with 13-cis retinal isomer (13-cis bacteriorhodopsin) and also to light-adapted bacteriorhodopsin (bRL) which has been shown to contain only the all-trans isomer (all-trans bacteriorhodopsin).
2. A reconstituted bacteriorhodopsin, which had been prepared from apo-bacteriorhodopsin and an equimolar mixture of both 13-cis retinal and all-trans retinal isomers, showed an absorption spectrum having the same maximum wavelength as that of bRD even at the beginning of the reconstitution process.
3. Analysis of the photosteady states of bRD at -190°C revealed that it was composed of two different species, one having 13-cis retinal and the other having all-trans retinal isomers, in approximately equal molar amounts. These two also gave their respective photoproducts.
4. From these results it can be concluded that bRD contains both 13-cis retinal and all-trans retinal isomers in nearly equal molar amounts as its chromophore.View full abstractDownload PDF (510K) -
II. Purification of Ribonucleases from Bovine Submaxillary Gland and the Effects of Polyamines on Their ActivitiesSeiyu HIROSE, Hiroshi KUMAGAI, Masaru YOSHIKAWA, Takashi MIKAMI, Kazue ...1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1605-1612
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFour alkaline ribonucleases [EC 3. 1. 4. 22] were purified 2, 050- to 3, 460-fold from bovine submaxillary gland by repeated CM-Sephadex C-25 chromatography and Sephadex G-50 gel filtration, with a total recovery of about 13%. These were designated as RNase BS1, BS2, BS3, and BS4, based on their order of elution from a CM-Sephadex C-25 column. The molecular weights of these enzymes were estimated by gel filtration to be 19, 000, 17, 500, 17, 000, and 12, 000, respectively. These enzymes are very similar to RNase A in that they are inhibited by heparin, show preferential hydrolysis of C5'-O-P linkages adjacent to a cytosine nucleotide rather than a uracil nucleotide, and in their antigenic properties.
Spermine was found to stimulate the activities of these enzymes; the degree of stimulation was in the order RNase BS4>BS3>BS2>BS1. The stimulation by spermine is due to the increased cleavage of C5'-O-P linkages adjacent to cytosine nucleotide. The reason for the differences in the degree of spermine stimulation of these enzymes is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1727K) -
Chiyo SUZUKI-HORI, Hiroshi NAGANO, Yoshitake MANO1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1613-1621
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSApproximately 2, 500-fold purification of DNA polymerase-β from the nuclear fraction of blastulae of the sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, was performed. The enzyme preparation, which was devoid of DNase and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase as contaminants, showed a sedimentation constant of 3.0 S in a sucrose density gradient, a molecular weight of 50, 000 by gel filtration, and an isoelectric point of pH 8.1. The enzyme activity was resistant to sulfhydryl group inhibitors. Its optimal pH was 9.0-9.5 in Tris-maleate buffer and 10.0 in glycine buffer. The optimal NaCl concentration for the activity was 30-60mM and about half of the activity remained at 0.4M NaCl. As a template-primer, the enzyme preferred synthetic homopolymers to activated DNA. The order of this preference was as follows; poly (dA)-oligo (dT)12-18>poly (rA)-oligo (dT)12-18>activated DNA. The above results indicate that the enzyme corresponds to DNA polymerase-β from vertebrate cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (729K) -
Susumu ANDO, Kazuo KON, Yoshitaka NAGAI, Takeshi MURATA1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1623-1631
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChemical ionization (CI) mass spectra with isobutane and ammonia for the oligosaccharides obtained from sphingoglycolipids were compared with their electron impact (EI) mass spectra. The oligosaccharide moieties were liberated from the parent glycolipids and were further reduced with sodium borohydride. They were analyzed as their permethyl, peracetyl, and pertrimethylsilyl derivatives. In the CI spectra, peaks corresponding to QM+ and/or [M-59]+ were observed in all of the peracetylated oligosaccharides examined. In CI with ammonia as the reagent, H+ was transferred to nitrogen-containing saccharides to produce [MH]+, and NH4, was transferred to nitrogen-free saccharides to yield [M+NH4]+ as QM+. Nonreducing ends yielded very intense peaks in CI spectra. On the other hand, the reduced end, glucitol, produced rather prominent peaks in EI spectra. Fragment ions due to cleavage of glycosidic bonds were major ones under the CI conditions, and they could be used for elucidating the sugar sequence in the oligosaccharides. An additional characteristic feature in the CI spectra was that ions due to scission of hexosaminyl glycosidic linkages were observed with very high intensities.View full abstractDownload PDF (461K) -
Shigekazu NAGATA, Kentaro IWASAKI, Yoshito KAZIRO1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1633-1646
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEukaryotic polypeptide chain elongation factor-1α (EF-1α) has been purified from pig liver by steps including aqueous two-phase separation, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and three successive column chromatographies on CM-Sephadex, DEAE-Sephadex, and CM-Sephadex. On the last column chromatography on CM-Sephadex, EF-1α activity was eluted as four peaks. These peaks except the first one appear to be homogeneous as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel. There was no difference between these four peaks in the activity to promote the binding of Phe-tRNA to ribosomes in the presence of guanyl-5'-yl methylenediphosphonate. They had similar molecular weights and similar amino acid compositions but different isoelectric points which varied from 9.3 to 9.9. The molecular weight of EF-1α was estimated to be 53, 000 and 61, 000 by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and by gel filtration on Sephadex G-150, respectively, indicating that EF-1α is composed of a single polypeptide. EF-1α appears to contain 6 half-cystine residues per molecule, at least one of which is essential for its activity. The effect of the concentration of NH4Cl on the dissociation constant of the binary complex containing EF-lα and guanine nucleotides (EF-1α•GDP or EF-1α•GTP) was extensively investigated, and it was found that the logarithm of the dissociation constant of EF-1α•GDP increased proportionally to the square root of the concentration of NF4Cl, while that of EF-1α•GTP decreased. Similar relationships were observed between the rate constant of dissociation of EF-1αGDP or EF-1αGTP and the concentration of NH4Cl. When the rate constant of association was calculated from these values, the logarithm of the constant of EF-1α•GDP and that of EF-1α•GTP found to decrease proportionally to the square root of the NH4Cl concentration.View full abstractDownload PDF (1666K) -
Tasuku NAKAJIMA, Kinjiro TAMARI, Kazuo MATSUDA1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1647-1655
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA purified proteo-heteroglycan, [α]D+72.5°, was isolated from Piricularia oryzae, a pathogenic fungus of rice blast disease (Imochi-byo), by means of hot citrate buffer extraction, cetavlon fractionation, and DEAE-Sephadex chromatography. It was found to be homogeneous by electrophoresis and by analytical ultracentrifugation to have an s value 6.1 and to contain 91% (w/w) of carbohydrate, which consists of D-mannose, D-glucose, and D-galactose in a molar ratio of 6:2:1. Partial acid hydrolysis and methylation analysis of the carbohydrate moiety of the proteo-heteroglycan indicate that the molecule is composed of mannan, the side chain terminals of which are partially modified with D-glucopyranose and D-galactofuranose. Enzymatic hydrolysis with bacterial α-D-mannanase has been shown to remove most of the side chains from the heteroglycan, leaving an (1-6) linked mannan back-bone with a small amount of side chains, the terminals of which must be modified with D-glucopyranose or D-galactofuranose. The carbohydrate to protein linkage of the proteo-heteroglycan was shown by alkaline β-elimination, to be mannosyl serine or mannosyl threonine.View full abstractDownload PDF (651K) -
Tasuku NAKAJIMA, Hiroshi SASAKI, Michikatsu SATO, Kinjiro TAMARI, Kazu ...1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1657-1662
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe carbohydrate part of a proteo-heteroglycan from Piricularia oryzae was further studied by chemical and immunological methods. Acetolysis studies of the proteo-heteroglycan and exo-α-D-mannanase resistant core showed a (1→6) mannan back-bone structure with side chains composed of one to four mannose units, and some of which are terminated by D-glucose or D-galactofuranose. The mode of attachment of the terminal glucose was characterized to be α Glc (1→6) Man by inhibition reaction with oligosaccharides. Rabbit antiserum formed against P. oryzae cells had three specificities, the first one for α Glc (1→6) α mannosyl, the second one for α Man (1→3) α mannosyl, and the last one for α Gal-f (1→2) α mannosyl residues. The most immunodominant side chain structure of the P. oryzae heteroglycan was shown to be α Glc(1→6) α Man (1→2) α Man (1→2) Man.View full abstractDownload PDF (415K) -
I. Purification, Some Properties, and Effect of Tungstate on Its FormationSachiko SEKI-CHIBA, Makoto ISHIMOTO1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1663-1671
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNitrate reductase (NaR) linked to reduced methyl viologen from Clostridium perfringens was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, disc electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel, and triple DEAE-Sephadex chromatography. The specific activity was increased 1, 200-fold with a yield of 9%. The purified preparation was nearly homogeneous in disc electrophoresis. It was brown, and its spectrum showed a slight shoulder near 420nm as well as a peak at 280nm. The molecular weight was found to be 90, 000 based on s02, w (5.8 S) and 80, 000 by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. In SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis, it showed only a single band with a molecular weight of 90, 000; it had no subunit structure. The isoelectric point was pH 5.5, and the optimum pH was 9. Mn2+, Fe22+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ stimulated the activity. Km for nitrate was 0.10mM, and nitrate was stoichiometrically reduced to nitrite in the presence of 2mM Mn2+. Ferredoxin fraction obtained from extracts of the bacterium was utilizable as an electron donor at pH 8. Cyanide and azide inhibited the enzyme. The formation of NaR was induced by nitrate and inhibited by 0.5mM tungstate, but recovered in the presence of 0.1mM molybdate; NaR of C. perfringens appears to be a molybdo-iron-sulfur protein.View full abstractDownload PDF (1658K) -
Haruki YAMAGUCHI, Takafumi MUKUMOTO1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1673-1680
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSReducing di- and trisaccharides were oxidized with periodate under conditions minimizing overoxidation, and the hydroxy and oxo compounds produced by subsequent reduction and hydrolysis were analyzed by GLC after trimethylsilylation. The present study has demonstrated that GLC analysis of the hydroxy and oxo compounds produced by Smith degradation is useful for linkage analysis of reducing di- and trisaccharides. In addition, it is suggested that the rate of periodate oxidation of the internal hexopyranose residue of trisaccharides depends markedly upon their structures.View full abstractDownload PDF (589K) -
Takaharu TANAKA, Hiroshi KITA, Taeko MURAKAMI, Kozo NARITA1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1681-1687
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMating factor is a peptide excreted into the culture fluid by α-mating type cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae X-2180 1B. The purification of the mating factor was carried out by ion exchange chromatography on phosphocellulose and Amberlite IRC 50 columns, followed by gel filtration on a Sephadex LH 20 column. The factor thus prepared was a peptide composed of Lys1, His1, Trp2, Gln2, Pro2, Gly1, Met1, Leu2 and Tyr1, and was able to induce morphological changes on α-mating type cells at a concentration of 5pg/ml.
The amino acid sequence of the mating factor was determined by the manual Edman degradation method using intact mating factor and its thermolytic peptides. The C-terminal amino acid residue was determined by digesting the factor with carboxypeptidase A. The complete amino acid sequence of the mating factor was established to be as follows:
Trp-His-Trp-Leu-Gln-Leu-Lys-Pro-Gly-Gln-Pro-Met-Tyr.View full abstractDownload PDF (1083K) -
Takaharu TANAKA, Hiroshi KITA1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1689-1693
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe change of the mating factor activity during the culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae X-2180 1 B, an α-mating type haploid strain, were followed. The activity increased rapidly during the exponential phase of growth, reached a maximum during the early stationary phase and then decreased. Oligopeptides comprising partial sequences of the mating factor were isolated from the culture fluids at various phases of cell growth.
We concluded that the mating factor, a tridecapeptide, was degraded during culture into two peptides, Trp-His-Trp-Leu-Gln-Leu and Lys-Pro-Gly-Gln-Pro-Met-Tyr, by cleavage of the peptide bond between Leu-6 and Lys-7 of the mating factor. A dodecapeptide lacking the N-terminal Trp residue was not detected at any stage of cell growth examined.View full abstractDownload PDF (307K) -
Daisaku SATOMI1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1695-1700
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The endogenous phosphorylation of mouse brain microsomes was studied using the technique of acrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS).
2. It was found that specific proteins and lipids in brain microsomes were phosphorylated by the terminal phosphate of ATP under appropriate conditions. Six peaks of radioactivity were observed on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of 32P1-labelled brain microsomes. The peaks were designated as P-I, P-II, P-III, P-IV, P-V, and P-VT. The peaks from P-I to P-V, which consist of phosphoproteins, underwent rapid dephosphorylation. On the other hand, P-VI, which consists of phospholipids, remained unaffected even after the complete hydrolysis of added ATP.
3. With the addition of 100μM CaCl2 to the assay medium, the phosphorylation of brain microsomal proteins was stimulated; in the regions of P-I, P-II, and P-III, the amounts of 32P1 incorporation were approximately twice the 32P1 incorporation in the absence of Ca2+. On the other hand, 32P1 incorporation into P-VI was unaffected irrespective of the presence or absence of 100μM CaCl2. In the presence of higher concentrations of Ca2+ (1-10mM), the phosphorylation of all components was inhibited.View full abstractDownload PDF (428K) -
Masachika IRIE, Kazuko OHGI, Masanori IWAMA1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1701-1706
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate the nature of amino acid residues involved in the active site of a ribonuclease from Aspergillus saitoi, the pH dependence of the rates of inactivation of RNase Ms by photooxidation and modification with diethylpyrocarbonate were studied.
(1) RNase Ms was inactivated by illumination in the presence of methylene blue at various pH's. The pH dependence of the rate of photooxidative inactivation of RNase Ms indicated that at least one functional group having pKa 7.2 was involved in the active site. (2) Amino acid analyses of photooxidized RNase Ms at various stages of photooxidative inactivation at pH's 4.0 and 6.0 indicated that one histidine residue was related to the activity of RNase Ms, but that no tryptophan residue was involved in the active site. (3) 2', (3')-AMP prevented the photooxidative inactivation of RNase Ms. The results also indicated the presence of a histidine residue in the active site. (4) Modification of RNase Ms with diethylpyrocarbonate was studied at various pH's. The results indicated that a functional group having pKa 7.1 was involved in the active site of RNase Ms.View full abstractDownload PDF (454K) -
II. Control by Monovalent CationsHaruo WATANABE, Atsushi TAKIMOTO, Takao NAKAMURA1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1707-1714
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLuminescent activity of spheroplasts of the cells of Photobacterium phosphoreum was stimulated by Rb+ and K+ and inhibited by Na+ in the medium. Opposite effects of these ions were observed on the rate of O2 consumption of the spheroplasts through the cytochrome and luciferase electron transfer systems. In vitro activities of NADH-FMN reductase and luciferase were only slightly stimulated by Rb+, K+, and Na+, while Na+ exhibited significant activation of the NADH-oxidizing activity of the cells. The redox level of cytochrome b in the spheroplasts during steady-state respiration in an Na+ medium was more reduced, while that of NAD(P) was more oxidized, than those in an Rb+ or K+ medium. Na+ activates the cytochrome electron transfer system at a point between NADH and cytochrome b, and thus has a stimulative effect on cellular O2 consumption. Rb+ and K+ do not show similar activation, but the cellular NAD(P) was brought to a more reduced level, so that in vivo luminescence is stimulated in an Rb+ or K+ medium.View full abstractDownload PDF (620K) -
Yasuzo NISHINA, Kihachiro HORIIKE, Kiyoshi SHIGA, Toshio YAMANO1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1715-1721
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Denaturation of riboflavin-binding protein (RBP) by guanidine hydrochloride (Gu-HCI) was investigated by measuring the fluorescence of the protein. The denaturation-renaturation processes of RBP by Gu-HCI were fully reversible. The apo-RBP fluorescence had an emission maximum at 343nm in the absence of Gu-HCI, and at 350nm in the presence of 4M Gu-HCl, which completely denatured the protein. The relative fluorescence yield of apo-RBP in the presence of 4M Gu-HCl was about 170% of that in the absence of Gu-HCl. The affinity of native apo-RBP for riboflavin was very strong, while riboflavin was not bound to the denatured form. The equilibrium system of apo-RBP and riboflavin in solutions containing Gu-HCl at various concentrations was analyzed by measuring riboflavin fluorescence.
2. The quenching of apo-RBP fluorescence, probably the fluorescence of tryptophanyl residues, by iodide anions and cesium cations was measured. The fluorescence of apo-RBP in the presence of 4M Gu-HCl was quenched considerably by iodide and cesium, and SternVolmer plots were linear. However, the fluorescence of native apo-RBP was scarcely quenched by iodide or cesium. This suggested that tryptophanyl residues buried inside apo-RBP were responsible for most of the tryptophanyl fluorescence of native apo-RBP.View full abstractDownload PDF (481K) -
Hiroaki FURUTA, Masato OHE, Akihiko KAJITA1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1723-1730
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIntracellular hemoglobins of the sea blood clam Anadara broughtonii consist of HbI dimer (33%) and HbII tetramer (60%). The molecular weights of globins of HbI and HbII were determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-gel electrophoresis to be 15, 500 and 16, 500, respectively. The existence of two dissimilar chains, α and β, in globin from HbII tetramer was confirmed electrophoretically and the chains were separated by CM-cellulose chromatography in 8M urea. In contrast, globin from HbI dimer showed a single band on two types of electrophoresis. The NH2-terminus and the COOH-terminus of HbI were determined to be proline and leucine, respectively. From the results of finger-printing, the α and β chains from HbII were considered to have a rather similar profile, whereas globin from HbI was very different. The results obtained by amino acid analysis of each chain also supported the above findings. It was thus shown that HbII has an α2β2 subunit structure, which is rare among invertebrate hemoglobins. On the other hand, HbI seems to have two identical subunits, designated as “γ”, and to exist as a “γ”2 dimer structure. Both Anadara Hb's appear to have no functional groups relating to the Bohr effect and to be unable to form a binding site for organic phosphates.View full abstractDownload PDF (565K) -
Madhu B. ANAND, Mohinder S. CHAUHAN, Naranjan S. DHALLA1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1731-1739
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeveral divalent cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ba2+, and Sr2+ were able to stimulate ATP hydrolysis by rat heart sarcolemmal, mitochondrial, and microsomal fractions; however, the order of their potency was different for each fraction. Maximal activities in the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ were obtained at 4-8mM concentrations; however, the mitochondrial ATPase activity was higher than that of sarcolemma but lower than that of microsomes. The pH optima for mitochondrial and microsomal ATPases varied between 8.0-8.5 whereas those for sarcolemma were observed at 7.5-8.0. Unlike Sarcolemma and microsomes, mitochondrial Ca2+ or Mg2+ ATPases were markedly stimulated by DNP and inhibited by sodium azide; sarcolemmal Mg2+ ATPase was slightly inhibited by sodium azide. Although NaF, iodoacetate and ruthenium red inhibited sarcolemmal, mitochondrial, and microsomal ATPases, some differences in sensitivities to these agents were apparent. Lanthanum in low concentrations significantly inhibited sarcolemmal Ca2+ or Mg2+ ATPase only. Ca2+ ATPase and Mg2+ ATPase activities of sarcolemma, microsomes, and mitochondria were decreased by PCMB except that this agent had a biphasic effect on sarcolemmal Mg2+ ATPase and decreased the microsomal enzyme activities to a greater extent than those of the mitochondria. Iodoacetamide stimulated mitochondrial Ca2+ ATPase and sarcolemmal Mg2+ ATPase but decreased microsomal Mg2+ ATPase activity. Carbodiimide inhibited microsomal Ca2+ or Mg2+ ATPase activity. On the other hand, sarcolemmal Ca2+ ATPase and mitochondrial Mg2+ ATPase activities were depressed and stimulated by maleic anhydride, respectively. These results indicate some similarities and differences among ATPase systems of cardiac sarcolemma, mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum.View full abstractDownload PDF (1243K) -
Shigeru IKUTA, Shigeyuki IMAMURA, Hideo MISAKI, Yoshifumi HORIUTI1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1741-1749
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCholine oxidase was purified from the cells of Arthrobacter globiformis by fractionations with acetone and ammonium sulfate, and column chromatographies on DEAE-cellulose and on Sephadex G-200. The purified enzyme preparation appeared homogeneous on disc gel electrophoresis. The enzyme was a fiavoprotein having a molecular weight of approx. 83, 000 (gel filtration) or approx. 71, 000 (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis) and an isoelectric point (pI) around pH 4.5. Identification of the reaction products showed that the enzyme catalyzed the following reactions: choline+O2→betaine aldehyde+H2O2, betaine aldehyde+O2+H2O→betaine+H2O2.
The enzyme was highly specific for choline and betaine aldehyde (relative reaction velocities: choline, 100%; betaine aldehyde, 46%; N, N-dimethylaminoethanol, 5.2%; triethanolamine, 2.6%; diethanolamine, 0.8%; monoethanolamine, N-methylaminoethanol, methanol, ethanol, propanol, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and propionaldehyde, 0%), Its Km values were 1.2mM for choline and 8.7mM for betaine aldehyde. The optimum pH for the enzymic reaction was around pH 7.5.View full abstractDownload PDF (1023K) -
Nobuhito SONE, Yasuaki TAKEUCHI, Masasuke YOSHIDA, Koki OHNO1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1751-1758
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSProteoliposome vesicles containing both bacteriorhodopsin of Halobacterium halobium and H+-translocating ATPase [EC 3.6, 1.3] of a thermophilic bacterium, PS3, (TF0•F1) were reconstituted by either the dialysis method or the sonication method.
Generation of the electrochemical proton gradient (Δ_??_H+) in these vesicles was measured using 9-aminoacridine for estimation of the chemical (ΔpH) component and 8-anilinonaphthalene sulfonate for the electrical (Δφ) component. In illuminated bacteriorhodopsinvesicles the Δ_??_H+ reached 180-190mV when reconstituted by the dialysis method and 210-220mV when reconstituted by the sonication method. Vesicles reconstituted from both TF0•F1 and bacteriorhodopsin by the dialysis method generated a Δ•H+ of about 200mV on addition of ATP, while vesicles prepared by the sonication method generated very little Δ_??_H+, if any. These vesicles generated similar ΔH+ on illumination to that found in bacteriorhodopsin-vesicles.
Using vesicles reconstituted from both TF0•F1 and bacteriorhodopsin by the dialysis method, light dependent ATP synthesis was measured in relation to Δ_??_H+ formation. It was necessary to generate a ΔH+ of above 170mV for demonstration of appreciable formation of ATP and the greater the Δ_??_H+, the faster the rate of ATP synthesis.View full abstractDownload PDF (493K) -
Akira MISAKI, Ichiro AZUMA, Yuichi YAMAMURA1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1759-1770
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSerologically active D-arabino-D-mannas ([α]D, +82°_??_89° ratio of D-arabinose to D-mannose, 1-2:1) were isolated from the soluble fraction of disintegrated cells of M. tuberculosis, M. smegmatis, and several other Mycobacterium species. These arabinomannans had similar structures, consisting of α-(1→5)-linked D-arabinose residues and α-(1→6)-, and (1→2)-linked D-mannose residues. Methylation and enzymic degradation studies using Arthrobacter sp. α-D-mannosidase and M-2 enzyme (D-arabinan hydrolase) indicated that the arabinomannan of M. tuberculosis Aoyama B possesses short side chains built up from α-(1→2)-D-mannosidic linkages which are attached to an α-(1→6)-linked mannan back-bone chain. The α-(1→5)-linked D-arabinose residues located in the side chains were shown, by comparison of the immunochemical activities of the native and enzyme-degraded polysaccharides, to be the main immunodeterminants, as in the cell-wall arabinogalactan. There appeared to be variations in the ratio of arabinose and mannose residues, and also in the proportion of (1→2)-linked D-mannose units, depending on the individual strain; no (1→2)-mannosidic linkage was found in M. smegmatis arabinomannan.
In addition to arabinomannan, a serologically inactive α-D-mannan ([α]D, +65°_??_68°), whose structure may resemble that of the core mannan of the arabinomannan, was isolated as a copper hydroxide complex from the soluble fraction of disintegrated mycobacterial cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (2090K) -
Akihiro FUNAKOSHI, Yoriaki TSUBOTA, Hideyuki WAKASUGI, Hiroshi IBAYASH ...1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1771-1777
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHuman pancreatic DNase I was purified extensively from duodenal juice of healthy subjects by a procedure including ammonium sulfate fractionation, ethanol fractionation, phosphocellulose fractionation, isoelectric focusing, and gel filtration. The final preparation was free of DNase II, pancreatic RNase, alkaline phosphatase, and protease. The enzyme had a molecular weight of approximately 30, 000, as determined by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, and showed maximum activity at pH 7.2-7.6. It required divalent cations for activity, and caused single-strand breaks by endonucleolytic attack on double- as well as single-stranded DNA molecules. The enzyme was inhibited by actin and bovine pancreatic DNase I antibody.View full abstractDownload PDF (1583K) -
The Substrate Specificities of 1-O-Alkylglycerol 3-Phosphate and 1-O-Alkylglycero-3-Phosphocholine AcyltransferasesKeizo WAKU, Yasuo NAKAZAWA1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1779-1784
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSActivity for the acylation of 1-O-alkyl-GP was found in the microsomes of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. The reaction product was shown to be 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-GP by identifying the acetolysis product as 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-3-acetylglycerol.
The acyl transfer activity to 1-O-alkyl-GP was significantly lower than that to 1-acyl-GP.
The substrate specificity of 1-O-alkyl-GP acyltransferase was rather broad as regards thiol esters. Similar specificity was observed with 1-acyl-GP acyltransferase. In contrast to these acyltransferase systems, the 1-acyl- and 1-O-alkyl-GPC acyltransferases were specific for polyunsaturated fatty acyl-CoA's.
Since a high percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acid and a little palmitic acid were located at the 2-position of 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-GPC(E), the observed specificities for acyl-CoA's of these acyltransferase systems can be considered in relation to the fatty acid composition at the 2-position of 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-GPC(E) in the cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (445K) -
Masai KOSEKI, Koichi TSURUMI1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1785-1788
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA simple method for the preparation of 3'-sialyllactose from normal human urine is described. The method for the collection of sialooligosaccharides is based on adsorption on charcoal followed by elution with a mixture of ethanol, pyridine, and water. The sialooligosaccharide mixture is then fractionated by means of gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 and the low molecular weight fraction is further fractionated on Dowex 1 (eluted with pyridinium acetate) to give five fractions. The last fraction contains almost pure 3'-Sialyllactose.View full abstractDownload PDF (950K) -
Takashi MIKAWA, Yoshiaki NONOMURA, Setsuro EBASHI1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1789-1791
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of 20, 000 molecular weight light chain of myosin has no appreciable effect on the actin-myosin-ATP interaction in vertebrate smooth muscle.View full abstractDownload PDF (556K) -
Masato HIRATA, Takashi MIKAWA, Yoshiaki NONOMURA, Setsuro EBASHI1977 Volume 82 Issue 6 Pages 1793-1796
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRegulation of aorta smooth muscle contraction by Ca ion requires the collaboration of the 80, 000 dalton factor and tropomyosin. A method for preparing pure actin from aorta smooth muscle is described.View full abstractDownload PDF (721K)
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