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Volume 90 (1981)
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- Issue 4 Pages 909-
- Issue 3 Pages 581-
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Volume 90, Issue 3
Displaying 1-40 of 40 articles from this issue
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Hidenori NARUSE, Hikoichi SAKAI1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 581-587
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new factor that not only inhibits brain microtubule assembly but also causes depolymerization of pre-assembled microtubules was purified from unfertilized sea urchin egg cortices. The purified fraction contained neither proteins nor nucleic acids. The inhibitory activity of the fraction was heat-stable and insensitive to various proteases, but decreased on treatment with glycosidases or with periodic acid. The purified factor was identified as a polysaccharide by analysis of the sugar composition. The sedimentation constant of the factor was estimated to be 9 S by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the factor revealed a single broad band stained with periodic acid-Schiff reagent. The factor completely inhibited microtubule assembly at a factor: microtubule protein ratio of 0.03 (w/w). The polysaccharide was found to bind to microtubule-associated proteins, thereby inhibiting microtubule assembly.View full abstractDownload PDF (1084K) -
Michael E. BREIMER, Gunnar C. HANSSON, Karl-Anders KARLSSON, Hakon LEF ...1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 589-609
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe total non-acid glycosphingolipids were isolated from the small intestine of cat, cod-fish, guinea-pig, hen, mouse, rabbit, and two strains of rat. The samples were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry and for immuno-logical activity. Mass spectrometry of permethylated and LiAlH4-reduced per-methylated derivatives allowed the interpretation of the structures (carbohydrate sequence and ceramide composition) of up to 9 glycolipid species in one mixture. The interpretation was facilitated by a temperature programming of the direct inlet probe, leading to a successive evaporation of glycolipid species mainly according to the number of sugars. The structures concluded could in most cases be as-signed to the separate bands revealed by thin-layer chromatography. Antigenic determinants proposed by the spectra were settled by immunological analysis. Thus, Forssman glycolipid was identified in cat, guinea-pig, hen and mouse, blood group A glycolipids in cat, rabbit, and rat and blood group B glycolipids in rabbit and rat. No Lewis activity was found. Certain ceramide types were demonstrated to exist preferentially in some glycolipids. Globoside and Forssman glycolipids (globo series) had a less hydroxylated ceramide (one free hydroxyl) compared to most fucolipids and other glycolipids (two or three hydroxyls). In conclusion, glycolipid patterns of intestine vary between species, and individuals of the same species.View full abstractDownload PDF (2926K) -
Kazuko TSUNEOKA, Mikio SHIKITA, Akira TAKATSUKI, Gakuzo TAMURA1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 611-618
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSL•P3 cells grown in serum-free synthetic medium produced a colony-stimulating factor (CSF: a sialoglycoprotein stimulating proliferation of granulocyte-macro-phage progenitor cells). Addition of tunicamycin (2μ/ml) or 2-deoxy-D-glucose (10mM) to the culture neither decreased the yield of CSF relative to the cell number grown nor induced heterogeneity of the produced CSF. However, CSF produced in the presence of tunicamycin (CSF-tm) was about 23 percent smaller in its molecular weight than normally produced CSF (CSF-normal). Similarly, the addition of 2-deoxy-D-glucose resulted in the formation of a CSF (CSF-dGlc) which was about 16 percent smaller than CSF-normal. However, both CSF-tm and CSF-dGlc seemed to have retained sialic acid residues, because they were focused respec-tively at pH 4.2 and pH 3.7 upon isoelectric focusing, and both were converted to a pH 5.2 species by treatment with neuraminidase. In addition, CSF-tm was significantly less heat-stable than CSF-normal, whereas CSF-dGlc was only slightly less stable. These results suggest that complete glycosylation of the factor is not necessary for its production nor for its stimulatory action on the proliferation of myeloid stem cells, but is necessary for its maximal stabilization.View full abstractDownload PDF (600K) -
Tsutomu UNEMOTO, Maki HAYASHI, Makoto HAYASHI1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 619-628
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRespiratory chain-linked L-glycerol 3-phosphate (G3P) dehydrogenase [EC 1. 1. 99. 5] of marine bacterium, Vibrio alginolyticus, was extracted from the membrane fraction by treatment with Tween 20, and fractionation on DEAE-Sephacel and QAE-Sephadex in the presence of 0.05% Liponox DCH (alkyl polyoxyethylene ether) yielded a preparation having a specific activity of 22.1 units/mg protein when assayed by phenazine methosulfate (PMS)-coupled reduction of thiazolyl blue tetrazolium (MTT). The purified enzyme had an apparent molecular weight of 300, 000 as determined by chromatography on Sephacryl S-300 in 0.05% Liponox DCH, and had noncovalently bound FAD as its coenzyme. The enzyme had a pH optimum of 8.5-9.0, and required 200mM NaCl or KCl and an appropriate detergent (such as Tween, Brij or Liponox DCH) for maximum activation. The activating effect of NaCl was due to a decrease in Km for G3P and that of Tween 20 was due to both a decrease in Km and an increase in Vm. Triton X-100 could not activate the enzyme and was inhibitory in the presence of phospholipids. The reaction followed a ping-pong mechanism. In addition to PMS, 2, 6-dichlorophenol indophenol and duroquinone, the enzyme could reduce ubiquinone-5 (Q-5) in the presence of Liponox DCH at a rate of 46% of the PMS reductase activity. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by heavy metal ions and by p-chloromercuribenzoate. The activity for Q-5, but not for PMS, was inhibited by o-phenanthroline and bathophenanthroline, suggesting the participation of nonheme iron protein in the Q-5 reduction.View full abstractDownload PDF (741K) -
Akira TAMURA, Tatsuzo FUJII1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 629-634
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSShape changes of human erythrocytes were induced by partial hydrolysis of phospholipids in the membrane lipid bilayer outer leaflet as a result of the action of exogenous phospholipase A2 or D at pH 7.4 under non-hemolytic conditions. The extent of the shape change caused by phospholipase A2 or D altered drastically when the cells were put into a medium of more alkaline or acidic pH, whereas the shape of untreated cells and cells treated with phospholipase C showed only a mild dependence on pH. These pH-dependent shape changes of intact and phospholipase-treated cells were reversible. Removal of the majority of exposed sialic acid residues from the membrane outer surface by neuraminidase treatment had no influence on the cell shape, or on the pH-dependence of the shape change. These results suggest the importance of the electric charges of polar groups located directly on the surface of the membrane lipid bilayer in inducing cell shape changes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1498K) -
Shin-ichi YAMAMOTO, Takashi KAWASAKI1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 635-642
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEhrlich cells accumulated 5-fluorouracil (FUra) and its metabolites in the acid-soluble pool to a level 5 times that in the medium in the presence of glucose after 60min of incubation at 37°C. FUra taken up in 10min under the same conditions was almost wholly present as the non-metabolized form, and the intracellular level of non-metabolized form was two and three times the extracellular concentration after 30 and 60min of incubation, respectively. The uptake of FUra was dependent on temperature with an optimum at 42°C. The initial rate of FUra uptake showed saturation kinetics with a Km for FUra of 0.63mM. Pyrimidine analogs inhibited FUra transport competitively, and suifhydryl reagents also inhibited the transport. These results indicate that presence of a carrier system specific for FUra, which catalyzes an active transport of FUra into Ehrlich cells.
Concentrative uptake of FUra in the presence of glucose was inhibited by glycolytic inhibitors, but not by the addition of mitochondria) electron transfer inhibitors and uncouplers.
The uptake rate of FUra was found to be dependent on cellular ATP concen-tration in the presence and absence of extracellular Na+. A decrease in the uptake rate at lower intracellular ATP level was due to a decrease in the Vmax value for FUra and the half-maximal velocity for the uptake was observed at 2.4mM ATP regardless of the presence of extracellular Na+.
Although FUra was accumulated in the absence of extracellular Na+ in Ehrlich cells, the initial rate of FUra uptake was increased 1.3-fold in the presence of an Na+ gradient (out>in) due to an increase in Vmax for FUra and the half-maximal velocity for Na+-dependent uptake was observed at 21mM extracellular Na+ concentration.
These results suggest that active transport of FUra into Ehrlich cells may be directly coupled to intracellular ATP.View full abstractDownload PDF (638K) -
Saburo UCHIYAMA, Takeyoshi IMAMURA, Shin-ichi NAGAI, Katsutoshi KONISH ...1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 643-648
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy employing a high-speed gel filtration method using a column of silica-based aqueous gel, TSK-GEL G 3000 SW, the three low molecular weight RNA species, 5.8 S and 5 S rRNA, and tRNA, were clearly separated from each other and from high molecular weight RNA species in 200mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, containing 0.1% SDS. Excellent reproducibility and resolution were obtained under these conditions, about 30min being required for a single run. Furthermore, the 5.8 S rRNA from rat liver cells was eluted at a different position compared with that of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, although they have the same nucleotide chain length but a different sequence. The 5.8 S rRNA from the cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum, was eluted at the same position as that of yeast.View full abstractDownload PDF (1591K) -
Makoto MATSUOKA, Masayoshi MAESHIMA, Tadashi ASAHI1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 649-655
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCytochrome c oxidase was purified from pea shoots in a form containing more than 12 nmol of heme α per mg protein, but rapid inactivation took place during purification. On slab polyacrylamide concentration gradient gel electrophoresis of a partially purified preparation, there were three activity-bands corresponding to main protein bands. The activity-bands, as well as the most purified preparation, contained five polypeptides of different molecular weights (39, 000, 33, 000, 28, 500, 16, 500, and 8, 000-6, 000) as shown by sodium dodecylsulfate-urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. However, an immunoprecipitate from the partially purified preparation with antibody against the most purified preparation contained two additional polypeptides with molecular weights of 13, 000 and 10, 000. Pea cytochrome c oxidase resembled the sweet potato enzyme with respect to immunological properties and absorption spectra as well as the subunit composition. We propose that higher plant cytochrome c oxidase is composed of five subunits of different molecular weights and is associated weakly with two low-molecular-weight poly-peptides in the mitochondrial inner membrane.View full abstractDownload PDF (1703K) -
Shinichi KURAKATA, Shoshichi NOJIMA, Keizo INOUE1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 657-663
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of exogenous lysophosphatidylcholine on the membranes of liposomes containing protein has been studied. Lysophosphatidylcholine severely damaged liposomes prepared in the presence of membrane proteins such as glycophorin and “xband 3” protein of human erythrocytes. Some basic proteins such as cytochrome c, lysozyme and polylysine also could sensitize liposomes to lysophosphatidylcholine. As described in previous papers (Inoue, K., et al. (1974) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 363, 361-372; Utsumi, H., et al. (1978) Biochemistry 17, 1990-1996), large multilamellar liposomes without protein were affected by lysophosphatidylcholine only under certain conditions where a phase boundary could exist. Sonicated liposomes without protein were almost completely insensitive to lysophosphatidylcholine. Liposomes prepared by the cholate dialysis method were also insensitive to lysophos-phatidylcholine, irrespective of the incubation temperature.
It is known that natural membranes such as membranes of erythrocytes and of other mammalian cells are rather sensitive to lysophosphatidylcholine. The difference observed between natural membrane and liposomal membrane seems to be removed by the introduction of proteins into lipid bilayers. The mode of interaction of lysophosphatidylcholine with membranes of liposomes containing protein is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (562K) -
Takashi KAGEYAMA, Susumu Y. TAKAHASHI, Kenji TAKAHASHI1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 665-671
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the crude extract of matured eggs of the silkworm (Bombyx mori), proteolytic activity was detected only in the acidic pH region with maximal activity at pH 3.5, and this activity was maintained throughout the development. No appreciable activity was observed in the neutral to alkaline pH region either in matured eggs or in eggs at early embryonic stages. Two molecular forms of proteinases active at pH 3.5 were obtained from matured eggs, and their molecular weights were estimated to be over 160, 000 and about 68, 000, respectively. An additional form of 40, 000 molecular weight appeared in eggs just before hatching. They were strongly inhibited by thiol proteinase inhibitors, such as p-chloromercuribenzoate (pCMB), p-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonate (pCMPS), and N-[N-(L-3-trans-carbox-yoxirane-2-carbonyl)-L-leucyl]agmatine (E-64), whereas pepstatin, diisopropylphos-phorofluori date, and EDTA were without effect, suggesting that they are thiol enzymes. They hydrolyzed casein, bovine serum albumin, egg albumin, and γ-globulin. They could not hydrolyze α-N-benzoyl-DL-arginine p-nitroanilide, α-N-benzoyl-DL-arginine β-naphthylamide, and several other synthetic substrates. These thiol proteinases are different from animal tissue thiol proteinases hitherto known.View full abstractDownload PDF (524K) -
Shuhei KONDO, Fumi MORITA1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 673-681
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSmooth muscle myosin purified from the small adductor of scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis, showed four distinct bands in the region of low molecular weight upon urea-gel electrophoresis. The two components showing the lowest mobilities in the electrophoresis were assigned as regulatory light chains and named as RLC-a and RLC-b. The component showing the highest mobility was SH-light chain, and the other component was not identified. Regulatory light chains of myosin prepared from the opaque portion of smooth muscle were estimated to be 40% RLC-a and 60% RLC-b, while those of myosin from the translucent portion were 20% RLC-a and 80% RLC-b. The rates of both myosin and actomyosin ATPases and of superprecipitation of actomyosin appear to be lower with myosin having RLC-a than with myosin having RLC-b. Myosin having RLC-a might be involved in catch contraction, which is seen mainly in the opaque portion of smooth muscle. Amino acid analysis revealed a marked difference in Arg contents between the two regulatory light chains. The amino acid composition of SH-light chain of smooth myosin was almost the same as that of striated myosin of scallop except for a slight difference in Asp content.View full abstractDownload PDF (2268K) -
II. The Multi-Domain Structure of Actin-Myosin S 1 ComplexTakeyuki WAKABAYASHI, Chikashi TOYOSHIMA1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 683-701
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA three-dimensional image of the “rigor” complex of actin and chymotryptic myosin subfragment-1 (S 1) was reconstituted from electron micrographs of specimens embedded in unbroken and unbacked stain sheets of uranyl acetate over the holes of perforated carbon films to an effective resolution of 20 Å radially and 26 Å axially.
The morphological unit of actin-S 1 complex consists of at least three domains and myosin S 1 shows a multi-domain submolecular structure.
Possible ways to assign actin to one or more of these three domains are discussed. Two candidates for the shape of S 1 molecule are also shown. Both candidates have a complex ‘embryo’-like shape.
The solid model of the actin-S 1 complex appears to be far less polar than that shown in the original electron micrographs or the projected density map of the reconstituted image shown by Toyoshima and Wakabayashi (1). The conspicuous polarity of the arrowhead pattern is related to the projected image of the spiral shape of the main part of the S 1 molecule, which is almost at right angles to the helix axis.
As one way to reconcile the non-tilted configuration of S 1 in the rigor complex with sliding theory, the possibility of a pivoting mechanism (rotation of S 1 head in the horizontal plane normal to the helix axis rather than in the vertical plane parallel to the helix axis) is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (6481K) -
III. The Multi-Domain Structure of Actin-Heavy Meromyosin ComplexEisaku KATAYAMA, Takeyuki WAKABAYASHI1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 703-714
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHeavy meromyosin (HMM) prepared by chymotryptic digestion retains DTNB light chain and subfragment-2 (S 2) in addition to the two subfragment-1 (S 1) moieties. The electron micrograph of negatively stained rigor complex of HMM and actin showed some different features as compared with that of S 1 and actin. The three-dimensional image reconstructed from the electron micrograph of actin-HMM gave additional domains other than those observed in actin-S 1 (Wakabayashi and Toyoshima, 1981). The differences between the images of actin-HMM and actin-S 1 were attributed to the differences in protein composition. Further, the structural characteristics of actin-HMM are discussed in comparison with those of actin-S 1.View full abstractDownload PDF (5001K) -
Masako SAKAMOTO, Marc ALFANT, Seizaburo SAKAMOTO1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 715-720
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCollagenase was isolated from the culture medium of thioglycollate-stimulated mouse peritoneal exudate macrophages. The macrophage collagenase activity was inhibited by goat anti-mouse bone collagenase antibody, indicating that macrophage collagenase immunologically cross-reacts with mouse bone collagenase. The enzyme was localized in mouse peritoneal macrophages by indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique. Distinct granular fluorescence was observed intracellularly in most thioglycollate-stimulated macrophages, whereas slight or no fluorescence was observed in non-stimulated control macrophages.View full abstractDownload PDF (2170K) -
Toshifumi KIYOHARA, Kouichi YOKOTA, Yuji MASAKI, Osamu MATSUI, Teruo I ...1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 721-728
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeveral proteins which strongly inhibit trypsin have been found in adzuki bean seeds. Two of them, designated as adzuki proteinase inhibitors (API) I-A and I-A', were analyzed for their amino acid sequences by conventional methods.
Inhibitors I-A and I-A' exhibited strong homology with other Bowman-Birk type proteinase inhibitors from leguminous seeds in spite of belonging to different genera. Inhibitors I-A and I-A' consisted of 78 and 72 amino acid residues and their molecular weights were 9, 100 and 8, 300, respectively. Inhibitor I-A' lacked the six amino acid residues of the amino terminus of inhibitor I-A and had an asparagine residue in place of the aspartic acid residue at position 40 of inhibitor I-A. The results showed the occurrence of some genetic variants of proteinase inhibitors in adzuki bean seeds. Inhibitor I-A was a double-headed one, and the reactive sites for trypsin were 26Lys-27Ser and 53Arg-54Ser bonds. Therefore, inhibitor I-A' was also assumed to be a double-headed one having 20Lys-21Ser and 47Arg-48Ser bonds as the reactive sites for the enzyme.View full abstractDownload PDF (584K) -
Hiroyuki SUGIYAMA, Yukiko YAMASHITA1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 729-735
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe 3H-labeling of α-bungarotoxin and erabutoxin b with N-succinimidyl[2, 33H]-propionate was examined by varying the concentrations of the reagents. The reaction yielded mono- and di[3H]propionyl-α-bungarotoxins and mono[3H]pro-pionyl-erabutoxin b, which were readily isolated by CM-Sephadex C-25 chromatog-raphy and isoelectric focusing. All of these derivatives have essentially the same biological properties as the native toxins. Peptide mapping analysis revealed that monopropionyl derivatives of both toxins, which were sharply focused as single components in isoelectric focusing, were each composed of 2-4 isomers.View full abstractDownload PDF (501K) -
Yasunobu AOKI, Den'ichi MIZUNO, Sataro GOTO1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 737-748
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDuring purification of the RNase-inhibitor complex from rat reticulocytes, two forms of the complex were separated by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography. One complex was purified 10, 000-fold from the cell lysate, and the other 1, 000-fold.
Both complexes were shown to be composed of 1 mol of RNase and 1 mol of inhibitor. Reconstitution experiments revealed that the multiplicity of the complex was primarily due to differences in the RNase. The RNases derived from the two complexes differed in their sensitivities to metal ions and hemin.View full abstractDownload PDF (944K) -
Kazuo NAGASAKI, Michiki KASAI1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 749-755
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPassive permeability of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles for Ca2+ was studied by the Millipore filtration method using 45Ca. The efflux rate of Ca2+ increased in the presence of micromolar concentrations of Ca2+ in the medium when the Mg2+ concentration was low. The dependence of the Ca2+ release rate on the extrave-sicular Ca2+ concentration was not affected by the intravesicular Ca2+ concentration. The Ca2+ release was enhanced by caffeine, but reduced by procaine and Mg2+. These properties suggest that the Ca2+ release is a similar phenomenon to the Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release observed in skinned muscle fiber. Kinetic analysis of the efflux curves suggests that two types of vesicles exist in our preparation; about 2/3 of the vesicles release Ca2+ as described above and the remainder does not.View full abstractDownload PDF (465K) -
Inhibition by Palmitoyl CoA of EDTA- and Mg2+-ATPase of Heavy Meromyosin from Rabbit Skeletal MuscleAkiko FUJIWARA, Hisao FUJISAKI, Hiroshi ASAI, Ikuo YASUMASU1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 757-763
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPalmitoyl CoA inhibited EDTA-ATPase of heavy meromyosin (HMM) prepared from rabbit skeletal muscle. The concentration for half maximum inhibition of EDTA-ATPase was about 18μM. Myristoyl CoA, the other long chain fatty acyl CoA, also inhibited EDTA-HMM ATPase, but CoA and short chain CoA thioesters, such as butyryl CoA, acetoacetyl CoA and acetyl CoA, at 40μM hardly inhibited EDTA-ATPase. Less than 20% inhibition of EDTA-HMM ATPase was obtained with Na-palmitate and Na-myristate at 40μM, whereas about 90% inhibition of the enzyme occurred in the presence of 40μM palmitoyl CoA and myristoyl CoA. Palmitoyl carnitine, as well as carnitine, failed to inhibit EDTA-HMM-ATPase. The inhibition by palmitoyl CoA of EDTA-ATPase was reversed by bovine serum albumin and spermine. Mg2+-HMM ATPase activity was enhanced by palmitoyl CoA at 2, 5, and 10μM. About a 25% increase in Mg2+-HMM ATPase activity was obtained at 5 and 10μM. At higher concentrations than 20μM, the enzyme was inhibited by palmitoyl CoA and the degree of inhibition was related to the concen-tration of the CoA thioester. At 80μM, the activity was about 15% of the maximum value. The efficacy of myristoyl CoA on Mg2+-ATPase was almost the same as that of palmitoyl CoA. Mg2+-ATPase activity was not enhanced by CoA, butyryl CoA, acetoacetyl CoA, Na-myristate, Na-palmitate, palmitoyl carnitine, or carnitine at 10μM, and was hardly reduced by these substances at 40μM. Serum albumin and spermine also canceled, to some extent, these effects of palmitoyl CoA on Mg2+-ATPase.View full abstractDownload PDF (478K) -
Masayuki KANDA, Kazuko HORI, Toshitsugu KUROTSU, Setsuko MIURA, Yoko Y ...1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 765-771
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGramicidin S synthetase 1 (GS 1) [EC 5. 1. 1. 11] (phenylalanine racemase) of Bacillus brevis contained about six sulfhydryl groups as determined by titration of the enzyme with 5, 5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB). Two types of sulfhydryl groups could be detected in the reaction with DTNB. One sulfhydryl group reacted rapidly with DTNB whereas the other five reacted more slowly with it. Phenylalanine racemizing activity was abolished on the rapid sulfhydryl modification with DTNB. When GS 1 of the wild strain was preincubated with phenylalanine at 37°C in the presence of ATP, MgCl2, and dithiothreitol (DTT), the rapid sulfhydryl modification with DTNB was prevented. When GS 1 was incubated with L-[14C]phenylalanine in the presence of ATP, MgCl2, and DTT, 1 mol of L-[14C]phenylalanine was incorporated per mol of enzyme protein as an acid-stable phenylalanine thioester-enzyme complex. On the other hand, for GS 1 of a gramicidin S non-producing and phenylalanine racemization-lacking mutant of B. brevis, the substrate protection against the rapid sulfhydryl modification was not detected and L-[14C]phenylalanine was not incorporated into the enzyme protein as the thioester complex. These results strongly suggest that one sulfhydryl group of GS 1 which reacts rapidly with DTNB is essential for the racemizing activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (490K) -
Tomoko YANO, Yoko HAYASHI, Shozo YAMAMOTO1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 773-777
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA sensitive and specific enzyme immunoassay for prostaglandin F2a was developed in which prostaglandin F2a was labeled with β-D-galactosidase. After competitive binding to antibody between enzyme-labeled and free prostaglandin F2a, the immunoreactive product was precipitated by double antibody technique, and the enzyme activity of the precipitate was determined fluorometrically. The procedures allowed determination of 0.03-20 pmol of prostaglandin F2a. The detection limit of 0.03 pmol was comparable with that of previously reported radioimmunoassays. Enzyme immunoassay and radioimmunoassay showed almost the same cross-reac-tivity with other prostaglandins and metabolites.View full abstractDownload PDF (377K) -
Kounosuke WATABE, Hiroshi SAKAI, Tohru KOMANO1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 779-783
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe single-stranded circular DNA of bacteriophage S 13 was converted to the duplex replicative form DNA by soluble extracts from Escherichia coli strain H 560 (polA, endA) in vitro. The maximal conversion required four deoxyribonucleoside triphos-phates, Mg2+, exogenous S 13 DNA and ATP, but not CTP, UTP, or GTP. The conversion was blocked by N-ethylmaleinimide but not by rifampicin. The product was identified as a gapped duplex replicative form DNA. Using extracts from some thermosensitive mutants of E. coli defective in DNA replication, we found that dnaB and dnaC gene products are involved in the conversion stage of single-stranded DNA to duplex DNA in vitro.View full abstractDownload PDF (350K) -
Tetsu HOZUMI1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 785-788
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLimited tryptic digestion of the heavy chain of chymotryptic myosin subfragment-1 gives three major fragments with approximate molecular weights of 50 K, 27 K, and 20 K daltons. We previously reported (Hozumi, T. & Muhlrad, A. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 2945-2950) that these fragments can be separated by gel filtration in 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. By using this method, the tryptophan content and amino acid composition of fragments were measured. The 27 K and 50 K fragments were found to be rich in tryptophan, in contrast to the 20 K fragment.View full abstractDownload PDF (978K) -
Yousuke SEYAMA, Hideaki OTSUKA, Akihiko KAWAGUCHI, Tamio YAMAKAWA1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 789-797
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFatty acid synthetase was isolated from guinea pig Harderian gland. This enzyme complex exhibited a unique character as compared with the fatty acid synthetase from the liver of the same animal. The former enzyme produced many odd-num-bered and methyl-branched fatty acids in the presence of methylmalonyl-CoA. These fatty acids are characteristic components of the lipid secreted from this gland. The chemical structure of this lipid has been identified as 1-O-alkyl-2, 3-diacylglycerol by previous work from this laboratory (Yamazaki, T., Seyama, Y., Otsuka, H., Ogawa, H., & Yamakawa, T. (1981) J. Biochem. 89, 683-691). Apparent Km values (5×10-6 M) for acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA were the same, but the Vmax for propionyl-CoA was much higher than that for acetyl-CoA. The pI value of the fatty acid synthetase from Harderian gland was 5.3, and the molecular weight of the enzyme was 9×105 daltons. The β-ketoacyl reductase had pro-S stereospe-cificity and the enoyl reductase had pro-R stereospecificity for NADPH. The results presented in this paper indicate that the fatty acid synthetase from guinea pig Harderian gland can produce a set of fatty acids needed for the synthesis of the lipid secreted from this gland, and that the fatty acid synthetase has a characteristic organ specificity.View full abstractDownload PDF (649K) -
Kiyoshi IKEDA, Yuji SAMEJIMA1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 799-804
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe pH-dependence of the binding constant of monodispersed n-dodecylphosphoryl-choline to the phospholipase A2-II of A. halys blomhoffii and its Ca2+ complex was studied at 25°C and an ionic strength of 0.1 by the aromatic circular dichroism method (Ikeda & Samejima (1981) J. Biochem. 89, 1175-1184). The pH-dependence curve for the apoenzyme was found to be well interpreted in terms of pK shifts of two ionizable groups from 7.30 to 7.66 and from 5.16 to 4.80. The binding constant at infinitely lowered pH values for the Ca2+ complex was practically the same that for the apoenzyme. The pH-dependence curve for the Ca2+ complex had no transition corresponding to the ionization of a group with pK 5.16 and was interpreted in terms of the pK shift of only a single ionizable group from 6.30 to 6.65. This result indicates that the pK value of 7.30 of an ionizable group is perturbed to 6.30 on the Ca2+ binding and that the Ca2+ binding competes with the protonation of another ionizable group with pK value of 5.16. The latter group was assigned to an Asp residue corresponding to Asp 49 of pancreatic phospholipases A2, to which Ca2+ can coordinate (Verheij et al. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 743-750 and Fleer et al. (1981) Eur. J. Biochem. 113, 283-288).
The pH-dependence of the ellipticity at 289nm of the apophospholipase A2-II and its Ca2+ complex and their complexes with n-dodecylphosphorylcholine were studied in detail at 25°C and an ionic strength of 0.1. The effect of an ionizable group with a pK value of about 4.7 was observed and was most remarkable in the cases of the substrate complexes.View full abstractDownload PDF (389K) -
Yoshinobu NAKANISHI, Kazuhisa SEKIMIZU, Hiro'omi TAMURA, Shunji NATORI1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 805-814
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA protein factor named S-I (b) that stimulates the activity of RNA polymerase II was purified from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. The final preparation gave a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This protein has a molecular weight of 24, 000 and is significantly smaller than S-II and S-II', stimulatory proteins of RNA polymerase II purified previously. However, S-I (b) cross-reacted with antibody against S-II and its peptide map obtained after radio-iodination was identical with that of S-II' (a phosphorylated form of S-II), indicating that S-I (b) and S-II share a common primary structure. S-I (b) is suggested not to be a degradation product of S-II produced during the purification process, and the structural relations between S-II and S-II' are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (3305K) -
Ryoichi MATSUDA, Shiro TOMINO1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 815-821
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe level of functional mRNA coding for myofibrillar proteins was studied during development of the chicken skeletal muscle.
RNA isolated from the developing chicken muscle directed protein synthesis in a wheat germ cell-free system. By means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunological analysis, tropomyosin subunits and troponin components were identified among the cell-free translation products. The mRNA activities for α-and β-subunit of tropomyosin were prominent in the embryonic breast muscle as well as in the embryonic leg muscle. At the early post-embryonic stage, the mRNA activity for β-subunit disappeared from the breast muscle, while those for α- and β-subunit were detectable in the leg muscle. Troponin-C and troponin-I synthesized in vitro in response to the muscle RNA formed a binary complex in the presence of calcium ion. Despite the observed difference in molecular weight between troponin-Ts in the breast and leg muscle, RNA preparations from the two muscles encoded identical troponin-Ts whose molecular weights were indistinguishable from that of troponin-T present in the breast muscle of adult chicken.
It is suggested from these results that the biosynthesis of tropomyosin is regu-lated at the pre-translational level during the development of the chicken skeletal muscle, whereas post-translational (or co-translational) events may produce the tissue-specific form of troponin-T.View full abstractDownload PDF (2709K) -
Akira MURAYAMA, Fumio FUKAI1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 823-832
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn analysis of the constituents of the estrogen receptor (ER) system of the nuclei of the gilt uterus is described. The nuclei obtained from gilt uteri incubated in vitro with [3H]estradiol were extracted with 0.4M KCl. The Stokes radius (44 A) and the sedimentation coefficient (4.5 S) of the extracted ER measured in the presence of 0.4M NaSCN were identical with those of vero-ER which had been previously shown to be the only native ER unit molecule of the cytoplasmic ER system. It was assumed that vero-ER in the cytosol translocates into the nucleus in the intact form. When the nuclei were extracted with NaSCN, the extracted ER had a sedi-mentation coefficient of 2.9 S and a Stokes radius of 24 A (“2.9 S” ER). A protease which hydrolyzed vero-ER into “2.9 S” ER was present in the nuclear extract with NaSCN. In contrast to the cytoplasmic protease previously described, the nuclear protease was not inhibited by antipain or leupeptin. Analysis of the endogenous nuclear ER showed that the hydrolysis of vero-ER into “2.9 S” ER by the nuclear protease also took place in vivo. To analyze the factors which bind specifically with vero-ER, the nuclei obtained from fresh uteri were extracted with 0.4M NaSCN and then subjected to gel filtration in the presence of the chaotropic salt. Fractions near the void volume contained a factor (aggregating factor, AF) which bound with vero-ER to form ER migrating to the bottom in sucrose gradient cen-trifugation under hypotonic conditions. AF was degraded by DNase treatment, but was not affected by RNase or trypsin. Component A (Stokes radius, 37 A) and component B (Stokes radius, 18.5 A), which had been previously shown to be constituents of the cytoplasmic ER system as factors which bind specifically with vero-ER, were shown to be present also in the nuclei.View full abstractDownload PDF (697K) -
Yoh OKAMOTO, Takamitsu SEKINE1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 833-842
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo different HMM species of gizzard myosin were prepared under conditions such that the phosphorylation of light chain was fully maintained. They were different in the N-terminal structure of the heavy chain but not in the light chain composition. A significant decrease in the Mg2+-ATPase activity was observed in one class of HMM which was proteolytically cleaved intramolecularly at site 1, 5 K daltons from the masked N terminus. Another class of HMM without the cleavage at site 1 showed ATPase activity similar to that of myosin. The decrease in ATPase activity was not caused by denaturation since similar amounts of initial burst of P1 liberation were observed with both HMMs and myosin. Kinetic and substructure analyses of HMM revealed that the activity change depended solely on the cleavage at site 1. The N-terminal region of gizzard myosin heavy chain may thus have an important role in maintaining the active site structure.View full abstractDownload PDF (2459K) -
Yoh OKAMOTO, Takamitsu SEKINE1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 843-849
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo classes of gizzard HMM differing in the N-terminal structure of the heavy chain, HMM (+) (cleaved at site 1) and HMM (-) (not cleaved at site 1), were compared with respect to the intrinsic fluorescence change induced with nucleotides, their analogs, and PP1. Significant differences between both HMMs in the maximal fluorescence change (ΔF. I.max) and the apparent binding constant (KbaPP) were observed in the presence of ADP and AMPPNP. Chymotryptic cleavage at site 1, 5 K daltons from the masked N terminus of the heavy chain, therefore increased ΔF. I.max and Kbapp. The differences of ADP binding were examined in relation to the differences in the Mg2+-ATPase activities of both HMMs reported in our previous paper (Okamoto, Y. & Sekine, T. (1981) J. Biochem. 90, 833-842). Kinetic measurements gave the following results.
(1) There was no difference in the rate of formation of HMM•ADP•P1.
(2) The extents of fluorescence change long after ATP depletion were similar to those induced by added ADP for all enzymes tested. Fluorescence changes with ATP remained constant during the steady state of the ATPase reaction.
(3) The time courses of the decay in difference fluorescence intensity fitted a first-order reaction. HMM (+) had much smaller values (_??_30%) of apparent rate constant than HMM (-) and myosin.
It can be concluded that the state of ADP binding in the steady-state intermediate, HMM•ADP•P1, was greatly changed by the cleavage at site 1 in the N-terminal region of heavy chain. The possible significance of site 1 is discussed in relation to the regulation of actin-myosin interaction by light chain phosphorylation.View full abstractDownload PDF (502K) -
Michinori IMAZU, Teiji IMAOKA, Hirofumi USUI, Nobuhisa KINOHARA, Masao ...1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 851-862
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPig heart phosphoprotein phosphatase [phosphoprotein phosphohydrolase, EC 3. 1. 3. 16] of Mr 224, 000 was dissociated by gel-filtration on Sephacryl S-300, into an active subunit (α subunit) of Mr 31, 000 and inactive subunits of higher molecular weight in the presence of 6M urea. After the removal of urea, these subunits reassociated, forming two enzyme forms of Mr 237, 000 (Form 1) and Mr 123, 000 (Form 2). Form 2 was produced by association of the α subunit with an inactive subunit (β subunit) of Mr 80, 000, while Form 1 was formed by combination of the α subunit with a complex of inactive subunits which was eluted from a Sephadex G-150 column in fractions of molecular weight range greater than 80, 000. The dissociation and reassociation of the subunits of Form 1 by the same urea method produced not only Form 1, but also significant amounts of Form 2, indicating that the inactive subunits of Form 1 were a complex of the β subunit with another inac-tive subunit (s). The molecular parameters and other properties of Form 1 were very close to those of the original enzyme. By the conversion of Form 1 to Form 2, the activities of Form 1 towards phosphorylase α and glycogen synthase b were enhanced 2-3 fold with no significant change in activity towards P-H1 histone or in response to the stimulatory effect of Mg (CH3COO)2 on the dephosphorylation of P-H2B histone. However, removal of the β subunit from Form 2 resulted in strong suppression of activity towards P-H1 histone and response to the salt effect with lesser effects on the activities of Form 2 towards phosphorylase α and glycogen synthase b.View full abstractDownload PDF (886K) -
Quang Khai HUYNH, Ryuzo SAKAKIBARA, Takehiko WATANABE, Hiroshi WADA1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 863-875
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe complete amino acid sequence of mitochondrial glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase from rat liver was determined. Sequence analyses were performed on the 12 cyanogen bromide peptides isolated after cleavage with cyanogen bromide. The amino acid sequences of all these cyanogen bromide peptides were determined by a combination of tryptic digestion, carboxypeptidase digestion and manual Edman degradation. The large peptides were hydrolyzed with trypsin after maleylation or treatment with 1, 2-cyclohexanedione. These cyanogen bromide peptides were aligned by homology with the corresponding cyanogen bromide peptides from pig heart isozyme. The polypeptide chain has 401 amino acid residues and a calculated molecular weight of 44, 358. Comparison showed that 25 of the 401 residues of mitochondrial glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase from rat liver are different from those of pig heart isozyme and that homology between the two isozymes is 94%.View full abstractDownload PDF (888K) -
HARSOJO, Shigeru KITAYAMA, Akira MATSUYAMA1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 877-880
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe number of genome equivalents of DNA per cell of M. radiodurans changed from approximately 5 to 10 depending on the media used. The sensitivity to ultraviolet light or gamma-rays was not different between the cells with different genome multiplicity. This suggests that the efficient repair process for DNA damage expressed in M. radiodurans is not influenced by the multiplicity of genomes in a cell.View full abstractDownload PDF (306K) -
E. A. BISHOP, B. F. GRAY1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 881-883
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe production of chemo-mechanical effects in a reconstituted system of purified muscle proteins had been studied. It was found that the ‘streaming’ effects observed (by previous workers) in the circular slit of a stream cell were observed under conditions where the absence of artefacts could not be guaranteed. In particular, convective motion, due to small temperature gradients is shown to be present, resulting in streaming even in the absence of essential components of the system such as ATP. Temperature inhomogenei ties of the order of only 0.1K•mm-1 are sufficient to cause motion, and any future experiments on streaming must be thermally homogeneous to a greater accuracy than this if valid conclusions are to be drawn.View full abstractDownload PDF (249K) -
Mutsuo TAIJI, Shigeyuki YOKOYAMA, Shigesada HIGUCHI, Tatsuo MIYAZAWA1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 885-888
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe 270-MHz proton NMR spectra of 2'-O-L-phenylalanyladenosine and 3'-O-L-phenylalanyladenosine in deuterated phosphate buffer were analyzed. The trans-acylation between these two isomers was studied by saturation transfer experiments on H1' proton resonances and the transacylation rate was directly determined to be 0.76 s-1 at pD 6.9 and 25°C. This transacylation rate is appreciably slower than the rate of polypeptide chain elongation, suggesting the presence of enzymatic activity for the transacylation of aminoacyl-tRNA in protein biosynthesis.View full abstractDownload PDF (245K) -
Akira KISHIMOTO, Norio KAJIKAWA, Hikaru TABUCHI, Makoto SHIOTA, Yasuto ...1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 889-892
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA species of neutral protease having high affinity for Ca2+ in the 10-5M range, originally found in canine cardiac muscle (Mellgren, R. L. (1980) FEBS Lett. 109, 129-133), is detected in a wide variety of rat tissues when a sensitive assay with 125I-iodinated casein as substrate is employed. This species of protease absolutely requires Ca2+, and other divalent cations are practically inactive. Although the activity of this enzyme apparently shows striking diversity among tissues tested, the enzymes obtained from various sources reveal similar physical and kinetic prop-erties, and are capable of activating Ca2+-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase by limited proteolysis. The enzyme has a pH optimum at 7.5 to 8.0 and a molecular weight of about 8.8×104. The enzyme in its purified form is very sensitive to leupeptin and other thiol-protease inhibitors, but that in crude preparations is far less susceptible to the same inhibitors.View full abstractDownload PDF (328K) -
Takashi NODA, Kazuhide ISOGAI, Nobuhiko KATUNUMA, Yasuo TARUMOTO, Masa ...1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 893-896
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe total activities of cathepsin B and cathepsin H in pectoral muscle of dystrophic chickens (Line 413) were about two times higher than in control chickens (Line 412), and cathepsin D activity was about 3 times higher in this muscle in the dystrophic chickens. When E-64-c, a synthesized potent thiol inhibitor was injected subcuta-neously, in various doses, daily for 80 days into dystrophic chickens (Line 413), the activities of cathepsin B and cathepsin H were reduced to the levels in control chickens (Line 412), but cathepsin D activity, which is insensitive to E-64-c in vitro, was not changed.View full abstractDownload PDF (264K) -
Seiji NAGAO, Yoshiko BANNO, Yoshinori NOZAWA, Kenji SOBUE, Reiko YAMAZ ...1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 897-899
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe subcellular distribution of calmodulin and particulate calmodulin-binding activity was studied in a eukaryotic protozoan, Tetrahymena pyriformis NT-l. The particulate calmodulin-binding activity was found to be localized principally in microsomes and to some extent in cilia and surface membranes called pellicles. Nearly all (93%) of the total amount of calmodulin was recovered in two soluble compartments, the ciliary and postmicrosomal supernatant fractions.View full abstractDownload PDF (244K) -
Katsuhiko NISHIMORI, Yoshiyuki KAWAGUCHI, Makoto HIDAKA, Takeshi UOZUM ...1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 901-904
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDouble-stranded cDNA was prepared from prorennin-specific mRNA by sequential actions of reverse transcriptase, DNA polymerase and S1 nuclease, and inserted into the SalI site of pBR322 by the poly(dG)-(dC) annealing method. Transformation of Escherichia coli C600 r- m- by the hybrid plasmid yielded transformants containing prorennin cDNA. The presence of the cDNA sequence in these clones was confirmed by both colony hybridization and hybrid-arrested translation of the mRNA in vitro. The largest size of the cloned cDNA was 1, 020 bp.View full abstractDownload PDF (1574K) -
Shinnichiro SUZUKI, Takeshi SAKURAI, Akitsugu NAKAHARA, Osamu ODA, Tak ...1981 Volume 90 Issue 3 Pages 905-908
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Type-2 copper ion in bovine serum amine oxidase (BSAO) was first replaced by cobalt (II) ion. The enzymatic activity of Co (II) BSAO was 13.3%. of that of native BSAO. The various spectral data indicated that the Co (II) center has tetrahedral geometry (high-spin state) and is linked by two nitrogens and two oxygens. It was also found that the putative organic chromophore suggested by many investigators exhibits a positive CD band near 370 nm and a negative CD band near 440 nm.View full abstractDownload PDF (244K)
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