巻号一覧
61 巻 (1952 - 1953)
- 4 号 p. 121-
- 3 号 p. 86-
- 2 号 p. 53-
- 1 号 p. 1-
61 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の7件中1～7を表示しています
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高橋 浩一郎1952 年 61 巻 2 号 p. 53-56
発行日: 1952/06/30
公開日: 2009/11/12
ジャーナル フリーThe climate of Japan is changing as well as that of the world. This is attributed to the results of the solar activities and the vast amount of heat capacity of the ocean. A review is made on the secular change of the climate.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (901K) -
谷岡 武雄1952 年 61 巻 2 号 p. 57-66
発行日: 1952/06/30
公開日: 2009/11/12
ジャーナル フリーThe form and size of the patch may be investigated from these two standpoints, agricultural geography and settlement. The writer elucidated these problems by means of many Japanese archives. ancient literary works and cadastral mans.
As for the arable land, agricultural geography deals with several conditions requisite to the patch.
1) Conditions of Agricultural Management : In Japan, the average size of a patch is about 0.15 acres and each farmer with his family manages 16 patches. But this number changes according to the regions. In Nara prefecture where the most ancient culture of our country has been inherited, a patch has the average area of 0.13 acres for the paddy field and 0.06 acres for the other. Generally speaking, on the plain where the paddy field is managed on a larger scale, the patch is large but on the mountain small. But this proportion can't be applied to the other field, the variation of whose area is greater.
2) Conditions of Labour and Technique. : The fundamental size of a patch in the Japanese rice-field is 1 tan (0.295 acres) and is based on the Jori-system. It is said that this size depends on the cultivating power of an adult man a day. But this is by no means clear. A patch has a narrow and long rectangular form, owing partly to the introduction of the plough driven by cattle or horse. The most important factor in the older times must, however, have been irrigation for the paddy field. It goes without saying that the size and form vary with kinds of crops.
3) Conditions of Land Form. : A patch varies with such a land form as islands, coastal plains, basins, fans, plateaus etc. The writer verified this fact consulting many ancient archives and literary works.
4) Fixation of Patch and Equilibrium among its Factors. Generally speaking, the patch is determined by natural and cultural conditions, and can maintain the initial for : m and size comparatively for a long time. There is some equilibrium among many of its factors. But the equilibrium is broken sometimes by soil erosion or by technical, agricultural and social revolutions. According to the historical evidences in Japan, however, there had not been so great a change of the patch as the European enclosure since the Taika Reformation up to the Meizi Restoration. And may this not account in some way for the retardation of Japanese agriculture and society ?
By the settlement geography of field can be made the researches about the correspondence or correlation between the forms of settlement and arable land. In Europe, the aggregated villages in the country have the field of narrow and long strip, while the dispersed farms block-field. The contrast between these two types, therefore, is very clear. And before the differentiation of them there was “esch” or “gagnerie” (cooperative field) in some parts of the villages' field. In addition to these facts, the two-field system presented a proper form of their own. Strassendorf in slave land had also a special form. And thus the European villages and farms show the correspondence between the forms of settlement and field.
On the contrary, this relation is not so clear in Japan. It may generally be observed that in the field of the Joni-system there is the lattice-form of village. But in the Sanuki plain with the Joni-system of northern Shikoku the settlement is dispersed. And the reclamated coastal plain of southwestern Japan has the dispersed farm and paddy field divided in a regular manner. The linear village in Musashino takes such a form as European Waldhufendorf.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2593K) -
田中 啓策, 松本 達郎, 前田 保夫1952 年 61 巻 2 号 p. 67-72
発行日: 1952/06/30
公開日: 2010/04/23
ジャーナル フリーThe Island of Awaji in Hyogo Prefecture is occupied in its southern part by the upper Cretaceous Izumi group and is famous for the occurrence of the interesting fossils. The hitherto described fossils, however, were mainly derived from the lower half of the group. The writers recently surveyed through the Cretaceous area and especially made, a detailed work on the southern steep slopes of the island, with the results that a fossiliferous member was discovered near the uppermost part of the group and that the stratigraphy of the upper half was considerably revised. The emended stratigraphic sequence of the Izumi group in this island is as follows in ascending order :
1. Tsui basal conglomerate, 200 meters thick.
2. Minato shale, very fossiliferous, 500 m.
3. Yoroizaki sandstone, with subordinately interbedded shale, 1, 400 m.
4. Shichi shah, fossiliferous, 400 m.
5. Kitaama sandstone and shale (emended) : Thick series of alternating sandstone and shale, 3, 300 m. The sandstone is predominant in the lower part, whereas the shale is predominant in the upper part. Layers of liparitic tuff are intercalated at horizons and especially remarkable in the lower part. Fossils occur sporadically from the sandstone of the quarries.
6. Nada sandstone and conglomerate (emended) : Sandstone with interbedded shale and conglomerate, 1, 100 m.
7. Shimonada fine-sandy siltstone, containing nodules and fossils abundantly. 370 m (+).
8. Shimonada white sandstone, with sporadic fossils, 250 m (+).
Layers of tuff are intercalated in members (7) and (8).
The identified fossils derived from the upper half (i. e. 58) are listed in the table of the Japanese text. From these fossils the upper half of the group is safely correlated to the upper Hetonaian in Hokkaido, the approximate equivalent of the uppermost Senonian of Europe, and is a representative of the uppermost Cretaceous in Southwest Japan.
Together with the stratigraphy some interesting features of the geologic structure in the southernmost part of the island are described. (See the annexed geologic map.)抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1191K) -
母の国物語別所 文吉1952 年 61 巻 2 号 p. 73-79
発行日: 1952/06/30
公開日: 2009/11/12
ジャーナル フリー母の国物語は, 昭和19年2月から9月まで5回にわたり, この雑誌にのせられたが, わたくし一身上の都合で, 一たん欄筆していたハルマヘラ島探検談の後半である。この中断していた問こそ, 激しい流れが, 母国をもりとも悲しい淵にみちびいていた瀬戸際であつて, たれ1人, 閑文字をもてあそぶ隙もなかつたであるうが, わたくしもその1つの小さな渦巻にまき込まれ, 大使館の人間として, 張家口にゆき, 任務についていたが, 張家口が, かつてのカルガンで, 中央亜細亜探検の基地とし, ポーロ以来, プルジェバルスキーなど, 先輩をしのぶ故地であることが, わずかにわたくしの乾いた心をなぐさめた。また乙この西北科学研究所をたずねて, 蒙古草原の探検談をきくことが, 楽しみの1つであつたが, さてじぶんで草原に行くことはもとより, 昔の探検を憶いだして, 書いてみる気にもなれなかつた。この間のわたくしの仕事は, トツカン工事ばかりで, どれ1つとして, 記録に残したいものはなかつたが, ただ18人の同志と最後までよくまとまり, 公私ともに助けあつたことが, 当時の環境からして, 恥しからぬことの1つであつたろう。同志の精神的結合は1人1人の高い道徳的水準によることは, もちろんであるが, その前年わたくしがハルマヘラ島の探検で, 旅するにしたがつて, 移りかわる環境や, 起きてくる色々の事件のあるたびに, 人種や, 年令や, 官等などの夾雑物を, 篩いおとして少しだいに強められる結合のあることを, 知つていたことが, すくなからず幸いしたのである。
わたくしは停戦を, 内地出張のみち, 対島の比国勝で知り, トツカン工事からは開放されたが, 同時に18人の結合からわかれて, おぼつかなくも, ひとり, 同志の安否をきずかわねばならなくなつた。又の会う貝まで, わたくしはこの不幸な秋に, 張家口のあたたかい結合の, 前提であるハルマヘラ島での, 荒削りな隊員の, まとまりへの道すじを, その旅と人とをつうじて, 省察しつつ, 物語つてみたい。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1523K) -
1952 年 61 巻 2 号 p. 79
発行日: 1952/06/30
公開日: 2009/11/12
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (104K) -
1952 年 61 巻 2 号 p. 79a
発行日: 1952/06/30
公開日: 2009/11/12
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (104K) -
遠藤 誠道1952 年 61 巻 2 号 p. 80-84
発行日: 1952/06/30
公開日: 2009/11/12
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1049K)
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