50 psychiatric cases were observed at Aisei-en during the period April 1957-April 1958. They consisted of : a) Schizophrenia (12 cases) ; manic-depressive psychosis (1). b) Epilepsy (2) ; dementia senilis (6) ; disorder due to cerebral hemorrhage (1) ; general paresis (1). c) Mental deficiency (3) ; psychopathic personality (13) ; neurosis (11). Details on the forms of the above cases were given together with 3 case histories where leprosy and its sequelae were involved as psychogenic factors. The nature of the psy-chiatric cases was discussed with the following conclusions : 1) The incidence of functional and organic psychoses was 0.75% and 0.58% respectively;therefore no great difference was found from the rates in the total Japanese population. 2) There was to be found no form of psychosis peculiar to leprosy. 3) No special relations between the forms of leprosy and the psychoses were found. 4) Leprosy and its consequences were to be recognized as psychogenic inducement in the outbreak of 2 casof schizophrenia, as causes of a schizophrenic reaction in 1 psycho-pathic personality and as causative factors of several anxiety neuroses. 5) The rate of suicide at Aisei-en was 58 per 100, 000, which shows no great difference from that in the total Japanese population.

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In order to learn the immunological relationship between tuberculosis and leprosis, serum samples of 200 leprous patients who were proved clinically and bacteriologically to have no lesion of tuberculosis, were tested by the Middlebrook-Dubos' passive hemagglutination and the hemolytic test after Sindo-Meddlebrook's forumula using the tuberculin fraction Fr. II as the antigen.
In the passive hemagglutination, as a whole, positive rate was 80%, and tde mean value of end titres was 1: 33.2. The positive rates and their mean values in both cases of lepro-matous and tuberculoid leprosies were 85%, 67.7% and 1:39.7, 1:17.6 respectivery.
In the hemolytic test, on the whole, positive rate was 81.0% and it's mean value of end titres was 1:85.8. Further, the positive rate and mean value of end titres in the sases with lepromatous leprosy was 82.9% and 1: 93.0 respectively, and 76.1% and 1: 65.5 in cases with tuberculoid leprosy.
Thus, the positive rate and the mean value of end titres in both seroogic testsin cases with lepromatous leprosy were higher than those in cases with tuberculoid leprosy.
The averaged pattern of the two-dimensional hemolytic test was less steeper than those in tuberculosis.
In the present investigation of leprosy, no correlation between results of both the tube-rculin skin reaction and the hemolytic test was obsered. This fact is quite different from the picture in healthy adults in Japan.
Tee positive rate of hemolytic test of tuberculin test-negative ones was in some degree lower than that of tuberculin test-positive ones, while the mean value of hemolytic titre of the former was higher than that of the latter.

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For the study of leprosy bacilli, especially for the decision of their proliferation, a simple but precise method for the calculation of the bacilli is considered indispensable.In this connection, a method was devised availing the proportional calculation between number of E. coli and that of leprosy bacilli.Numbers of leprosy bacilli (both human and murine) contained in various organs, nodules, and Mitsuda antigen calculated by this method were as follows: 1. Subcutaneous nodules of mice and rats contained 2×1010-4×1010/g bacilli. Generally, the nodules of mice possessed a greater number of the bacilli per gram. 2. Number of leprosy bacilli contained in human nodules was 2×109-6×109/g. 3. Batches of Mitsuda antigen prepared by the National Institute for Leprosy Research during the year 1957-1958 were found to possess nearly the same number of the bacilli the count being 2×108/cc.

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Inbred mice ddN were divided into 5 groups and infected with murine type leprosy bacilli by pernasal instillation, intratesticular inoculation, intracerebral inoculation, intravenous inoculation and by direct inoculation into the spleen after laparotomy. In order to know the proliferation of inoculated bacilli in various organs of the mice, 2-3 mice of each group were sacrificed periodically with certain intervals. Then, smears were prepared for the examination of the growth of bacilli, their state of dissemination, and to know the kinds of infiltrating cells. Organs like testicles, spleen, lymphnodes etc were removed and the number of the bacilli contained in them was estimated. Curves of the changes in the number of bacilli contained in various organs were drawn for each group. Stated in the following are the results obtained thereof. 1. Mice infected by pernasal instillation in a dose of approximately 34×104 bacilli developed no lesion detectable by smear for a period of 7 months. Whereas, the detection became suddenly positive and the bacilli showed logarithmic proliferation thereafter. (Table 1, Fig. 1) 2. Bacilli inoculated into testicles showed a logarithmic proliferation with a generation time of 7-10 days (calculating from the duration doubled in the number of bacilli) . (Fig. 2, 3). 3. Murine leprosy bacilli inoculated intracerebrally into mice also showed a good growth but the proliferation of the bacilli in the brain was not lethal to the animal. (Fig. 4) 4. No significant difference was recognized in the growth curve of the bacilli in the spleen between the animal received indirect intravenous inoculation and those received direct inoculation into the spleen after laparotomy. (Fig. 5)

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Living and heat-killed human and murine leprosy bacilli, tubercle bacilli, and several kinds of non-pathogenic acid-fast bacilli were inoculated into the testicles of mice. The mice were sacrificed periodically with definite intervals for the counting of the bacilli present in the inoculated testicles. Changes observed in the number of the bacilli were examined by drawing curves. Stated in the following are the findings obtained thereof. 1. Human leprosy bacilli inoculated into the testicles of mice reduced in number when heat-killed bacilli were used, but remained for a period over 300 days without appreciable reduce in the number when living bacilli were used. (Fig. 4) 2. Fate of the heat-killed murine leprosy bacilli was similar to that of living human leprosy bacilli without showing a decrease in the number of inoculated bacilli for a period over nearly 100 days. 3. Both living BCG and heat-killed tubercle bacilli H37Rv reduced gradually in number.Reverse cultivation of the living BCG, however, was positive as long as 90 days after inoculation. Non-pathogenic acid-fast bacilli, Smegma and M-III, showed a rapid reduce in the number in either case of living or heat-killed. With living bacilli, however, reverse cultivation was positive, in both cases, as long as 70 days. (Fig. 9)

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The basis for the selection of purified cephalin for use as the antigen is discussed. The difference in reaction compared to the preparation purified by the J. Folch method is presented.

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Studies were conducted using a combination of ox brain cephalin faction, 0.2% cardio-lipin and 1% cholesterol supplemented with sphingomyelin extracted from ox brain. A reaction was noted at a maximum of 256-fold dilution in the nodular form, 16-fold in the neural form and 256-fold in the macular form. Addition of lecithin resulted in a reduction in sensitivity of the complement fixation reaction in leprosy and a greater reaction in syphilis. Furthermore, a reaction was noted at 16-fold dilution with pregnancy serum.

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The selection of the mouse strain adequate for murine leprosy experiments has been investigated in the series of previous papers. Through these experiments, it was found that C 57 BL and C 3 H strains were suited for the purpose. Since these two strains can not be easily maintained in a satisfactory condition, the author conducted the following experiments to find the mice which have similar properties to C 57BL and C 3 H and more manageable than these inbred strains in breeding and feeding.
To meet these requirements, the author intended to establish a first generation hybrid (F1) by crossing a male of a susceptible strain with a female of a manageable strain. Therefore, the selection of the parental strains for mating was carried out at first.
The susceptibility to subcutaneous inoculation with murine leprosy bacilli of mouse strains (C 57 BL/6, A 1, NC, dba, BALB/C, SM, C 3 H/He and C 3 H) was examined to select the male parental strain. As a result of this experiment, C 57 BL/6 and C 3 H strins were adequate for the purpose.
As the possible female parental strains, which are easier to breed, ddY and ddD were selected. In susceptibility to murine leprosy bacilli, ddY strain was found to be superior to ddD strain.

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