The writer carried out inoculations of 49 strains of saprophytic acid-fast bacilli and 6 strains of tubercle bacilli (human type 1, bovine type 4 and avian type 1) in 78 rabbits respectively and examined their pathogenicity. The total amount of bacilli reached 24-408mg. At first all rabbits were inoculated with a dose of 2.5-10mg. of each bacillus killed at 100°C for one hour. A second injektion was made 3-7 days later with lived bacilli excepting one after 15 days, and then injections were repeated in an increasing dose until 50mg of microorganisms, but in some cases with killed tubercle bacilli the inoculation carried on to the end. Among 95 animals inoculated with saprophytic acid-fast bacilli 22 rabbits died 14 th to 66 th day after the first inoculation. 9 rabbits among 19 treated with tubercle bacilli died 7th to 25th day. 3 or 7 days after the last injektion, the animals were bled. In majority of died animals the lungs were seen usually pneumonic and revealed an acute nephritis, the spleen also affected but the liver was seen usually normal in appearance or showed little pathogenic change.
The following are conclusions of these experimental results.
1. Most of the strains of saprophytic acid-fast and tubercle bacilli employed can more or less produce microscopical and histological lesions, and the most remarkable changes by the bovine type.
2. Most of lymphatic glands are frequently congested. The spleen is generally normal, but it sometimes congested and remarkably enlarged. The bladder is in most cases detained with urine, and the content of the stomach is also detained.
3. In microscopical examination changes produced by saprophytic acidfast bacilli show a close resembrance to an early stage of tuberculosis in appearance and in one example a true tuberculous change was found. There is seen desquamation of epithelial cells in the tube and sometime in the Bowman's capsule of the kidney. The albuminous materia land the tubles under Henli's present frequently hyaline coagulation.
In the lung there appear many epitheloid cells and lymphocytes. The alveolar walls may remain somewhat thickend, so that the lungs are more or less completely solidified in a state of pneumonia.
In the spleen often the cells of the Malpighian bodies has been missed to a certain extent, and there are found many epitheloid cells. The liver showes an increasing of connecting tissue.
4. Most of lymphatic glands may be very congested and show small spots of haemorrhages. In animals treated with tubercle bacilli of bovine type milialy tuberclosis are demonstrated in several organs and cheese degeneration is surrounded by lymphocytes, epitheloid cells, Langhans' giant cells and others. Acid-fast bacilli are observed in all organs. Tubercle bacilli are seen also in the alveoli and bronchia of the lungs, in the Bowman's capsule and tubules of the kidney, in the parenchyma and interstitial tissues of the spleen as well as in the parenchyma of the lymphatic glands. The bacilli also can be found usually in the blood veesels of all organs.

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In this experiment the author tried to classify many strains of saprophytic and pathogenic acid-fast bacilli by means of the method of agglucination and precipitation. As the precipitation a saline suspension of living germ was employed. After carrying out precipitations with 6 strains of pathogenic and 129 of saprophytic germs combined with 11 immuno-sera, which were obtained with some of the saprophytic germs, the author could divided into 5 groups and 8 systems.
Secondarily, 85 among 127 strains (121 saprophytic and 6 pathogenic) were divided into 7 groups and 11 systems by carrying out agglutination with 27 immuno-sera. As the agglutinin, the author employed a destilled water suspension, especially prepared by himself. The results of two tests ran almost parallel with an exception of a few cases. Several strains divided, as menthioned above, had a biologic resemblance, but there could not be found any special character.
Further the author made an agglutination with 14 strains of tuberculous bacilli (1 human, 8 bovine and 5 avian types) and 6 immuno-sera (1 human, 4 bovine and 1 avian), and found a special reaction between human and avian types, but not between human and bovine, as well as bovine and avian types.
Finally a negative reaction was observed with the author's agglutinin against sera of eary tuberculous patients.

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In this paper, author reports his clinical and bacteriological observation on teeth and palates of the lepers in the Government Leprosarium in Formosa. Together with his opinion on betel-nut chewing habit of lepers in this island.
A. The studies on diseased teeth extracted from leprosy patients.
(1). In this study 126 teeth were examined. They are all extracted from the leprosy patients according to the indication of the condition and the request of the patients.
(2). 107 of these teeth come from the men and 19 from the women patients. By type of leprosy, 73 are of the tubercular type, 40 are of the neural type, and the rest 13 are of the macular and mixed types. And as to the position of teeth, 6 - are the most. -6 the next and then 8-are the rest.
(3). In clinical observation of those diseased teeth, the pulp gangrene septica and pyorrhea alveolaris are the chief infection and then the pulpitis acuta and pulpitis ulcerosa are the next. Comparing these infections of the lepers with same of non-leprous patients, no differences found in anammesis, present status or in progress.
(4). In microscopic and in radioscopic studies of these teeth nothing differs from that of the non-leprous cases.
(5). The leprous redden tooth is likely very rare and difficult to meet in Formosa, but the writer is still endeavour to find this interesting cases.
(6). The teeth obtained on the postmortem examination of lepers are 249 in number, but they are mostly healthy teeth excepting the few carious teeth, pyorrhea teeth and attrition teeth. In these teeth too found nothing particular from those of the non-leprous cases.
B. The sensivity and lepra of the palates.
(1). Lepra bacilli are often found on the palate of the lepers especially in the tubercular type with the lesion on the palate but also found on the normal palate of the patient sometime.
(2). The sensivity of the palate of lepers are mostly normal, but the palate of some patients having total anethesia.
C. Lepers and their betel-nut chewing habit.
(1). 10 of patients in the Rakusei-in Leprosarium (0.33%) are having had the habit of chewing the betel-nut.
(2) A careful examination was made on the buccal cavity of those who had the habit of betel-nut chewing, but there were found nothing special to be reported.
(3). The mouth of the betel-nut chewing lepers are rather clean compared with those of other lepers. This fact means that this habit had a powerful self cleansing action on the teeth.
(4) From the relation ship of the age in which patients started chewing of the betel-nut and the onset of leprosy, this nut seems to have no therapeutic action against lepra infection at least in the buccal cavity. On the contraly spiting out the residue of the nut is likely to spread the disease. This is to be worth to consider from the viewpoint of the public health.

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In dem Shinto-Gebet bei der gro_??_en, am letzten Tage des Juni stattfindenden Feierlichkeit zur Befreiung von Unreinigkeiten, das im 8. Band der Gottesdienstabteilung von Engishiki d. h. jener in den Jahren Engi zusammengestellten Formelsammlung geschrieben steht, hei_??_t es: Shirahitokokumi, wobei alle lebende Häute zugrunde gehen, nennt man ein staatliches Verbrechen. Von früher verstand man unter Shirahitokokumi die Lepra alba oder die Lepra melaina, was lange auch als richtig angesehen worden ist. Mit dem Aufschwung der Forschung der Nationalliteratur haben aber manche Gelehrte darüber untersucht und uns viele bezügliche Werke hinterlassen. Wir kauften daher einen Teil davon, um dieses Problem näher zu untersuchen. Dabei wurde daran gedacht, da_??_ es nicht genüge, nur Shirahitokokumi der Forschung zu unterwerfen, sondern es nötig sei, das Shinto-Gebet selbst ausführlicher auszulegen and den Sinn eines staatlichen Verbrechens genau aufzufassen. Auf diese Weise gelangten wir endlich zu dem Schlu_??_, da_??_ Shirahitokokumi eine Art der unheilbaren Hautkrankheit bedeute. Da dieses Shinto-Gebet nicht alten Ursprungs zu sein scheint, so könnte man noch nicht endgültig aussagen, da_??_ es sich bei diesem um die erste Schilderung der Lepra im Japanischen Innland handele.

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Ausser den pathogenen säurefesten Bazillen wie Tuberkel-oder Leprabazillen, gibt es nicht pathogenen, säurefesten Bazillen, in Wasser, Erde, Kot, Sputum, Speichel u. a. Kommen diese Bazillen auch in den Nasensekreten vor, so ist es für die Diagnose der Lepra von Bedeutung, da diese nicht pathogenen Bazillen bei der mikroskopischen Untersuchung mit Leprabazillen verwechseln werden. Wir führten daher einige Versuche über die nicht pathogenen, säurefesten Bazillen in der Nasenhohle aus und dabei gewannen die folgenden Ergebnisse:
1) Bei 20 Fällen (19, 6%) von 102 gesunden Schulkindern fanden sich die säurefesten Bazillen in der Nasenhöhle.
2) Ausser den säurefesten Bazillen waren Streptotrix an 25 Fällen (24, 5%) vorhanden.
3) Die Kolonien jeder säurefesten Bazillenstämme waren in ihrer Farbe, Form, Feuchtigkeit, Härte und Wachstum miteinander nicht gleich, auch im Vergleich mit Tuberkelbazillen waren ganz verschieden.
4) Die Säure-und Alkoholfestigkeit dieser Bazillen waren im allgemeinen schwächer als bei Tuberkelbazillen.
5) Impfungen dieser Bazillen an Meerschweinchen zeigten keine tuberkulöse Veränderungen.
Daraus können wir mit Sicherheit schliessen, dass die apathogenen, säurefesten Bazillen in der Nasenhöhle vorhanden sind, und dass man in strengem Sinne Leprabazillen im Nasensekret nur durch den Kulturversuch von den Bazillen entscheiden kann.

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Bei 94 Fällen von Lepra (34 von L. n., 39 von L. m. und 21 von L. t.) wurde die Takada'sche Reaktion nach Jetzlerscher Modifikation untersucht. Die Resultate liessen sick folgendermassen zusammenfassen:
Früher hatte sick Verf. zweimal mit dieser Reaktion in Lepraseren, und zwar bei der ersten Mitteilung mit 154 und bei der zweiten mit 107 Fällen beschäftigt (s. Bd. 7, Nr. 3 und Bd. 8, Nr. 6 dieser Zeitschrift). Es wurde also insgesamt bei 355 Leprakranken diese Reaktion geprüft und der folgende positive Befund erzielt:
Es liegt also nahe, dass die Takada'sche Reaktion von Lepraseren bei L. t. am höchsten, bei L. m. im folgenden Rang und bei L. n. am niedrigsten positiv auszufallen war.
Dann prüfte der Verf. bei 94 Fällen von Lepra den Jodsäurewert des Serums nach Chikano-Nishigaki'schen Methode. Der durschnittliche Wert war bei L. n. 0.136mg%, bei L. m. 0.135mg% und bei L. t. 0.167mg%. Besonders wurde der verhältnismässig hohe Wert dieser Substanz bei L. t., d, h. über 0.160mg% in 81%, über 0.170mg% in 57% gefunden. Also war der Jodsäurewert bei L. n. und L. m. normal, bei L. t. im allgemeinen etwas erhöht. Es wurde jedoch zwischen der Takada'schen Reaktion und dem Jodsäurewert in Lepraseren bei einzelnen Fällen keine besondere Beziehungen gefunden.

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