Syringomyelia is a comparatively rare disease and is difficult to distinguish from certain cace of neural Leprosy. The authors recognized two cases, one is a 48 years old farmar's wife who was complaining of sensory, motory and trophic disturbances of the upper extremities with ape-hands, since a half year; the other is a 39 years old woman who was suffering from sensory, motory and trophic disturbances of four extremities with ape-hands, talipes equinovarus and kyphosis. She showed pupillary symptoms such as anisocoria and stiff pupil accompanying Homer's syndrome, since about 20 years. In the latter case, the left auricular nerve and the skin of the right forearm were examined biopsically, but none of them showed any bacteriological or histological changes.
The said cases were scrutinized, comparing with 49 cases, reported hither to in Japan, especially in regard to sex, age, favourite localization, cardinal symtomes, such as sensory, motory and trophic disturbances, deformity of the extremities or vertebral column and pupillary symtomes etc.
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