Gun, only a district's name nowadays, was established in 7th century as a administrative unit of old Japan. Of course, there were the
kuni (_??_)and the
agata (_??_) before the Taika Kaishin (_??__??__??__??_), but the
kuni and the
gun were the first local administrative system, and had a new territory with a distinct boundary.
In this article, I intend to clarify the following points about the
gun by mean of the analysis of newly builtup
guns written down in the Rikkokushi (_??__??__??_), the six chronicle in ancient time, and the reconstruction of some boundaries of the
guns in the Heiancho (_??__??__??_), and others.
(1) Almost all of
gun's areas were quitely new ones, established by a partition of
kunis and
agatas, which were to be considered the spontaneous community. Though
gun's. boundary followed frequently after rivers, watersheds or woods, at cultivated plains we found many boundaries of straight line by
jori-systems (Fig. 2 shows it at the Yamato basin). The
gun was therefore the pure institutional community and the formal area.
(2) However, never ignored the
gun's area geographical conditions. For example, there were many that it based upon the topographical condition, and had suitable
goris (_??__??_) and population for the middle community between the
kuni and the
gori.
In this point one may say that the
gun had a bud to bloom the spontaneous, historical community and the substansive area later days, from the biginning of the formation of the
gun.
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