This paper argues the issue of female migrant workers who have been remarkable under the globalization, particularly paying attention to the condition of Filipino women, because the Republic of Philippines has been systematizing and promoting the exportation of manpower, and sending many Filipino female domestic workers to developed areas in Asia, the Middle East, and other western countries. However, Japan excludes domestic workers selectively through its strict immigration policy. As result, a great number of Filipino females who come to Japan are only entertainers like dancers and singers. In this context, Japan is unique compared with other countries. Most entertainers work at Philippine Pubs in different cities all over Japan. Therefore, the unique urban nightscapes of Philippine Pubs are built in local urban spaces.
I explored the politics of space of Philippine Pubs, which is an important component of local urban space, and the politics of positioning Filipino female entertainers who work there, through a case study of Sakae Walk Street where many Philippine Pubs are located in Nagoya City.
First, my study showed that the present location of Philippine Pubs in Sakae Walk Street used to be an entertainment area (Snack town) in the outskirt of downtown Sakae District. With the decline of this area, Philippine Pubs, where cheaper and younger entertainers are a main character, started to mushroom and eventually replaced the old entertainment town.
Second, my study revealed that two agents concerning the formation of this space of Philippine Pubs in Sakae Walk Street have respectively constructed each representations of 'ethnicity' of the entertainers. Employers and talent agencies have constructed this 'ethnicity' showing imaginative geographies of exotic, sexual and southern countries, through the formation of space, particularly aspects of landscape-appearance, standing signboards, advertising boards-. Immigration/police have doubly constructed 'ethnicity' as 'victims' or 'wrongdoers' through the formation of space of control against this space of Philippine Pubs by executing the surveillance and exposure activities around Ikeda Park. Local inhabitants in Sakae Walk Street also support these activities.
In conclusion, I hope to suggest that the politics of the formation of local space of Philippine Pubs, being mutually compositional with the politics of the social construction of representations about 'ethnicity', is one of the processes of othering entertainer. And also, the spaces, which two above-mentioned agents have formed, are mutually negotiative rather than parallel. This makes the politics of the formation of this space of Philippine Pubs and also the process of othering entertainers multidimensional.

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The main purpose of this study is to show the basic structures of land use and land tenure on the old foreign settlement district and the neighboring district (former villages) in Korean open port city under Japanese rule, and to consider how and why they have changed during this period. This study on Mok-p'o City in South Cheol-la Province especially investigates how the state of land tenure had influenced on the changes of land use by analyzing the cadasters and cadastral maps. This study also intends to examine the relation between the spatial changes of the study area and the town planning under Japanese rule.
The results are summarized as follows:
1. In the study area, the forests and farmlands had spread on the slopes of mountains in the neighboring district, and the residential land had developed on the lowland of the neighboring district and in the whole old foreign settlement district. From the point of view of land tenure, in the beginning of 1910s, many land lots in the neighboring district were owned by Korean, and the residential land lots in the old foreign settlement district were clearly occupied by some of Japanese. However in neighboring district, the forests and farmland near the old foreign settlement district tended to be owned by a few Japanese who lived in the old foreign settlement district.
2. In the study area under Japanese rule, the ratio of land owned by each race had almost not changed both in the neighboring district and in old foreign settlement district. But, in the neighboring district, some of land ownership had gradually come into the people who had not lived in the neighborhood, and the land owners often had got not to be agree with the inhabitants consequently. On the other hands, in the old foreign settlement district, the land owners had got to be in agreement with the inhabitants, because the land ownerships had been gradually subdivided into many Japanese and the other who lived in these lands.
3. Under Japanese rule, the changes of land use were generally limited in the neighboring district. In this district, the forests and farmland owned by few Japanese near the old foreign settlement district had become residential land. And the infrastructure such as irrigation canals and new roads had been constructed in a short time while replacing the lands owned by Korean who not lived in the neighborhood. However, in the lands owned by the people who lived there, whether by Japanese or not, the construction of infrastructure by town planning had not gone on well. As a result, the land lots which had come to be owned by absentee landowners, who had easily changed their land use in the study area under Japanese rule.

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国内および国際人口移動に関する近年の地理学的研究の概観と評価をおこなうことが本稿の目的である。得られた結果は以下の4点にまとめられる。1) 地理学は人口移動研究において中心的な役割を果たしてきた (逆もまた然りである)。2) これまでの地理学者による人口移動研究の特徴は人口移動の数や空間パターンに関する実証的研究であり, しばしば計量的手法が用いられた。3) しかしながら従来の研究は, 人口移動の文化的, 政治的, 社会的側面の重要性に関する検討が不十分であり, また研究対象地域が特定の先進諸国に偏っていた。4) 今後の研究ではこれらの偏りを修正していく必要がある。

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In this paper, we try to focus the relationship between progress in information and communication technologies (ICTs) and the suburbanization of the office location.
Information-related functions are located not only in the central business district (CBD) but also in the suburbs in Tokyo metropolitan area. Particularly conspicuous suburban locations are Yokohama area, Makuhari area and Tachikawa area, all of which are situated within some 30km from of the CBD.
The Makuhari Shintoshin (new city) project has been successively promoted since 1989. To date, this new city is increasingly attracting information-related functions from the CBD, forming a new suburban office core. In terms of capital scale and business contents, these firms can be classified into the following three types. 1. Internet-related firms, 2. Back offices, 3. R&D sections of major firms.
Taking into consideration factors of the suburbanization of internet-related firms and back offices, the push factor for internet-related firms have been a sharp rise in office overheads in the CBD, and the push factor for back offices an increase in the number of employees due to intensive investment by major firms in the information industry in the 1990s; the suburbanization has thus made headway in order to secure office space. The pull factor appears to be the same for both internet-related firms and for back offices; namely, an abundant supply of high-quality information infrastructure, specifically intelligent buildings in Makuhari Shintoshin, which has served as a significant pull.
In cases where major firms have constructed their own buildings and established the R&D sector, in particular, it is necessary to introduce changes in the corporate organization, which is distinctly different from the situation where single business establishments are relocated. Firms have constructed in Makuhari Shintoshi, with existing offices using a large-volume broad-band communications network, smooth in-house electronic data exchange has become possible leading to the development of an environment in which telecommunications can be actively introduced. For this reason, it is assumed that the "R&D sector", the sector that necessitates relatively little direct contact with clients, has been relocated from the CBD to the suburbs.
This paper considered that the relationship between new ICTs and the suburbanization of office location on the basis of practical case study. It is generally understood that new ICT represents one of the factors behind the suburbanization of office location. This conclusion is consistent with previous case studies in Europe and the United States.
Future studies will focus on comparing with another suburban core cities, because we continue to discuss that the standardization of relationship between progress in ICTs and the suburbanization of the office location.

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