巻号一覧
6 巻, 6 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1～9を表示しています
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陸中宇部村小袖山口 彌一郎1955 年 6 巻 6 号 p. 409-421,480
発行日: 1955/02/28
公開日: 2009/04/30
ジャーナル フリーThere are two patterns in the development of the primitive fisherman's community. The one is found, for example, in Siriya, Shimokita-gun, Iwate prefecture, where the number of houses is limited to 33 to maintain their livelihood holding the equal distribution of the cooperative beach fishery. The other is found, for example, in Kuki and Kosode, both in Kunobe-gun, Iwate prefecture, where the fishery such as set net was distributed equally to each door so that the branch of families increased rapidly. So for the latter, the villager knows the limitation of a catch; extension of the fishing ground in the neighbouring waters; much profit by the progress of the method of fishing; maintenance of the traditional way of equal distribution; these are the reason why the branch family has increased.
Kuki and Kosode are the northern limit of the fisherwoman's fishery in Japan, called “Katsugi”. Development of the beach fishery to the inshore fishery had made declined the fisherwoman's fishery, and they have been obliged to cultivate the farm on the coastal terrace. But the fishing-ground has been developping to the Northern Sea.
The village was attacked by the tidal wave in 1896 and 1933, when many houses were washed away. Since then the village has moved to Uwamura on the plateau, 80 meter high, which has more number of houses than Shimomura. I tried to study the change and development of the fisherman's village by the name of residence. The name of residence moves with movement of residence and its dweller. So, for example, Sukabata, originally on the beach, is found in Uwamura. I think it moved due to damage by the tidal wave. By study of the name of residence, we can understand the form of the old village and its changing process. On the development of a fisherman's village, we can understand the fishing-ground, development of the method of fishing, damage by the tidal wave and change of the livelihood by organization and form of the village, especially the name of residence.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1744K) -
奈良市鹿野園の場合堀内 義隆1955 年 6 巻 6 号 p. 421-432,481
発行日: 1955/02/28
公開日: 2009/04/30
ジャーナル フリーThe custom of utilizing water for irrigation is very closely related with the structure of the villages, especially so in the community in which rice-crop is the chief produce. Even in the village life unequality may be found, which has great deal to do with order and government of the villages. We can see a typical example in the village of “Rokuyaon”.
(1) “Rokuyaon” is a village situated on a tableland in Nara Basin. There in the village people rely on the “Iwai River”, ponds or wells with a large natural flow for the water they use for irrigation. Still they cannot get enough water, and what is worse, they have drought frequently. Therefore, they have had quarrels or disputes to get their own cultivating fields well irrigated.
(2) “Ban-sui”, a group of persons that keeps watch and takes care of the water in the dry season, is the most striking feature of this village. This group consists of chiefs called “Mizu-oya” and subordinate groups called “Mizu-ko”. Nine chiefs and nine minor groups make a unit which has to be on duty of keeping watch and taking care of the water once every three days.
(3) “Mizu-oya” are major land owners of the village, while “Mizu-ko” minor ones. A tenant farmer is another existence. Thus there are three social classes in the village. “Mizu-oya” have the control over the utilization of water for irrigation. The water is to be allotted to each cultivated land according to the value (price) of the land. The rate of the allotment, however, varies with the change of “Mizu-oya” in charge.
(4) “Mizu-oya” belong to the upper class of the village and have the command of economy and government of the village. The system of the utilization of water for irrigation constitutes the fundamental condition of the village life.
(5) The villagers generally engage in agriculture in such a small way that many of them go for work to Nara city or some other places requiring labor when their labor becomes superfluous. The prosperity of commercial agriculture is checked by high ground-rent and by payment of rent in kind. In this village agriculture relies very much upon irrigating water, because rice or barley growing is the main branch of agriculture here.
(6) The system of the utilization of water for irrigation, as I have stated, decides the structure of the village and at the same time constitutes the fundamental condition of the village life. This is the most striking feature of this village.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1310K) -
千葉 徳爾1955 年 6 巻 6 号 p. 433-441,482
発行日: 1955/02/28
公開日: 2009/04/30
ジャーナル フリー1. In early Meiji era (about 1880-90) there were vast denudaded hills in Kinki-Basins Near Kyoto and Osaka, which supply a large quantity of sand into the rivers and caused flood many times. Some experts of forestery say that granite and deluvial deposits are easily weathered than the other rocks especialy palaeozoic sandstone or chart. Then the granite hills and deluvial hillocks are denudaded and have poor vegetation. But this opinion is doubtful because those hills of palaeozoic are also have no vegetation at that time. The auther conclud that the denudation was caused by timely function at that era, and the geological condition concerns with reforestration of vegetation.
2. The denudaded hills were occupied by common-forests which is called in Japanese “Iriai”, they are used by common peoples lived in neighbouring villages. Long ago in this country the forest had been used in this way, but since 17th century the coin-economy infiltrating into these villages and dissociated old communities. Then the common-forests are transfered into private preporty by and by, and the poor class have no forest.
3. In this process reserved common-forests were cut and digged, then they were wasted by poor peoples who have no forest but can't leave from the native land. Maps, photographs and documents record that process in this era, but now they had been forgotten as they are very few and old data. The recovery of vegetation depended on the change of social situation which bind the poor on the land. They have free from earth to go away to be engaged in new industry at the arriving of the Industrial revolution of Japan in 1890-1920.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (926K) -
河地 貫一1955 年 6 巻 6 号 p. 441-448,483
発行日: 1955/02/28
公開日: 2009/04/30
ジャーナル フリーIt is exceedingly difficult for mountain villagers, forced to abandon their homes because of submergence resulting from a power development project or from some other causes, to rebuild their lives in a new settlement accomodating themselves to different circumstances. For this reason, they are strongly opposed to any flooding of their home villages even when they receive ample monetary compensation for it. This is not a mere sentiment of mountain villagers at all. Consequently, the trends of many emigrating families as a result of the development of the sources of electric power today shows us that these people behave themselves within the ecological limitation as mentioned below.
1. In time of emigrating, farm workers-who occupy the greater part of the population of a village-make choice of adjacent land the environment of which is similar to that of their mother villages. On the other hand, people engaged in commerce generally prefer a town.
2. As to their callings, they mostly follow their former ones. This is a fact common to all kinds of occupation.
3. When farmers change their calling, it is to commerce without exception.
4. In case reparations for agricultural land are made in the form of some other land, the emigrants reject a newly-peopled district particularly a reclaimed area in which circumstances are quite differnet from those of their home villages.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (748K) -
特に大浦海士集落新宅 勇1955 年 6 巻 6 号 p. 448-454
発行日: 1955/02/28
公開日: 2009/04/30
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (679K) -
藤森 勉1955 年 6 巻 6 号 p. 455-457
発行日: 1955/02/28
公開日: 2009/04/30
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (215K) -
末尾 至行1955 年 6 巻 6 号 p. 458-474
発行日: 1955/02/28
公開日: 2009/04/30
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1615K) -
水津 一朗1955 年 6 巻 6 号 p. 474
発行日: 1955/02/28
公開日: 2009/04/30
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (84K) -
石川 栄吉1955 年 6 巻 6 号 p. 474a-475
発行日: 1955/02/28
公開日: 2009/04/30
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (172K)
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