There is a close relationship between the vibration generated by cutting and the dynamics of the machining system. The dynamics of the machining system often have anisotropy depending on the machine tool structure and the machining setup. Therefore, the anisotropy of the machining system dynamics to suppress the vibration during cutting is investigated in this study. In this paper, the balance of the machining system dynamics that can improve machining stability in a two-dimensional end milling model is derived based on the zero order approximation. Design guidelines for the machining system dynamics to improve machining stability based on the derived balance is shown. Cutting experiments are conducted to verify the design guidelines.

Anti-frosting surface is proposed using the wettability pattern. Water frosts on a cooled solid surface via liquid phase under condition of the temperature range of 0 to -20°C. Discrete hydrophilic area separated by hydrophobic area suppress the coalescence of the droplets and keep wide surface area in total, which makes the frosting energy high and ideally prevent the frost. Samples were designed as discretely located star-shaped hydrophilic area separated by hydrophobic area. The tapered part of a star-like pattern has a function to gather spread water and hold it at the center. The different pattern designs were prepared for discussion. Samples were fabricated by contact printing of hydrophobic material octadecyltrichlorosilane on a bare silicon that is hydrophilic. Both of condensation and frosting situations were observed. It was found that the pattern well retard or prevent the frosting and appropriate design was discussed.

Machined surfaces are judged to determine machining conditions. Two types of criteria are used: one is quantitative parameters including surface roughness and the other is sensory parameters of a tester, such as glossiness, iridescence and sense of discomfort. Sensory parameters and their representations are dependent on the experience and personality of the tester. Consequently, we cannot evaluate machined surfaces quantitatively considering human sensory parameters. In this research, we aim to classify sensory parameters, and evaluate machined surfaces quantitatively. To investigate the sensory parameters, it is necessary to simulate human visual information such as luminance and color. In this paper, we propose a visual simulation method to calculate visual information directly using shape data of a machined surface based on Beckmann’s theory on the scattering of electromagnetic waves. As the first case study, we applied the proposed method to a turned aluminum surface and simulated intensity distribution of reflected light agreed with microscope image. As the second case study, the proposed simulation was applied to an iridescent surface and its color was simulated. The results show that the simulated color transition by the observation direction agreed well with photographs.