This paper describes the magneto-optical disk with multi-layer structure. The recording medium that is constructed by amorphous rareearth and transition metal alloy, transparent films and a reflective film has been studied for higher signal quality and higher reliability. The design concept of the multi-layer structure is to make the Kerr rotation angle maximum using optical interference in the films and to improve reliability by stable transparent and reflective films. The optical characters are calculated for the design with thicknesses and refractive indexes of the films. The nitride transparent film is selected for reliability after testing some transparent films. The magneto-optical disks were checked after exposed to high temperature and high humidity. The life of the medium itself and the recording bit are estimated from these tests. The high recording desity 10⁸bit/cm² and more than 10 years life of the media are achieved with the multi-layer structure. The rewritable and removalble memory medium that has large capacity is realized.

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In order to investigate the behavior of the bioelectric potential distribution on the surface of callus, leaf or root under stimulus, a multichannel biological potential measuring system was developed. The system comprises grid-patterned multielectrode made by sputtered silver, gold or platinum onto, the plate glass, the 64 channel-bioelectric amplifier, a constant temperature box, callus cultivating capsules containing magnetic stimulator, and a computer to collect and store data. This system is indispensable to study sensing or transferring information in plant, providing the morphogenetic field forming around plants. Consequently, spike potential frequently induced by the stimulus, and spontaneous spike potential often dispersed by the stimulus can be obtained. In addition, the bioelectric potential distribution fluctuates along the root approximate every 30minutes. It is, therefore, the potential distribution is related to morphogenetic field. Accordingly, it is expected that the presently developed system will enable to examine interrelationships among electric field and development, differentiation and growth in plant.

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In order to complete a flexible automated assembly system, a robot called parts supplying robot has been developed, with which one assembly line can be built compactly and parts supplying from three dimensionally stacked parts-feeding equipments can be realized easily. In this report, fundamental structure of the parts supplying robot is given. The method to select a shortest PTP path is discussed and the effect for high-speed motion of robot is shown. Its PTP motion is evaluated, and improved by using a balanced arm structure and an input compensation. Finally simulation results are shown.

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The spring constant (regression coefficient of force to length of a coil spring) changes with the environment temperature. In this study, new measurement system for small regression coefficients of temperature, “γ” to spring constant of materials for scale springs is developed. The new system (S-E system) measures the natural frequency of self-excited vibration of the spring-weight component instead of their elongation. The accuracy of the system is enough to measure the regression coefficient smaller than 0.1% which is the value required for the scale spring. The S-E system also provides a simple measurement procedure compared to the previous forced-vibration (F-V) method.

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In the usual method of fringe analysis for aspheric surface, the difference between the test surface and the reference surface is measured by the order of fringes. But, in this method, the error can't be avoided from the approximate interpretation. By simulating the error using a certain aspheric surface, it is shown that the error can't be ignored. Then, a new method is proposed which doesn't contain the error from the approximate interpretation. In this new method, fringe density which can be obtained from interference fringe's figure is introduced as a data. This new method doesn't measures the difference between test surface and reference surface, but measures the test surface directly.

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In order to apply the laser autocollimation method to on-machine-measurement, a trial probe was made. The probe was constructed from two collimated beams of laser diodes and a PSD (position sensitive device) which was located in a focal plane of an objective. The resolution of the trial probe was 1 second from estimations of SN ratio. Its accuracy was estimated as 1 second from a curve fitting error in a range of 10 minutes. Thermal drift was about 0.2 second. In measurements of cross sectional profiles of flat and parabolic mirrors, translatory and angular errors during the scanning motion were canceled remarkably. Measured profiles of mirrors were reproduced with the maximum deviation of 0.05 micrometer under large residual vibration due to stepping motion of a scanning table.

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In the previous papers, authors have clarified the effects of dimensional errors of the parallel movement for balance on the error rate of displacement. Although the correction of the dimensional errors of the springs in length and thickness is necessary for accurate measurement, it is, however, difficult to eliminate the dimensional errors by machining. The authors propose to put a groove on the springs, which modifies the error rate of displacement without eliminating the dimensional errors. Following is concluded through theoretical, experimental and FEM analyses. (1) The groove at the ends of the spring is most effective for modification, while the one at the center of the spring does not contribute to the modification. (2) The modification effect is in proportion to the width and thickness of the groove. (3) In case of the parallel spring movement with four leaf springs, the reinforcing plate reduces the modification effect due to the groove.

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When installing machine tools, additional stiffness supplied by foundations as well as levelling is one of the important factors which should be considered. In most cases, however, the installing operation has been usually conducted by skilled operators who can adjust loads exerted on mounting elements from experiences. In the present paper, firstly, a new type of load-sensible mounting element has been developed for practical use. Secondly, by applying the mounting elements to an existing cylindrical grinding machine, the relation between the loads at eleven mounting positions and dynamic stiffness of the machine has been investigated experimentally. In this investigation, a performance index of the dynamic stiffness has been introduced taking into consideration its influence on grinding accuracy. As the result, three mounting positions sensitive to the dynamic stiffness have been found. It has been also confirmed that difference in levelling of the machine has little influence on the dynamic stiffness.

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Deformation of multiple asperities model of surface roughness subjected to pressure by flat punch is measured continuously by multiple aperture holographic interferometry and the interaction of asperities is discussed. In this experiment, peak and valley of asperity is observed from just above by selecting the plasticine with small deformation resistance as the model material and by using the transparent flat punch. Asperity models are csne type of single, double and triple with the asperity angle of 150°.

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In this paper, a high current ion modification system suitable for vacuum higher than 10^-7 Pa has been developed. For maintaining such a high vacuum, a liquid metal ion source (LMIS), which hardly emits any gas molecules, has been employed. Then, a lens system, capable of focusing an ion beam of emission angle 60° extracted from the LMIS to a beam having a radius 2mm at 1m from the LMIS, has been designed by a numerical computer simulation method. In addition, a mass separator and a decelerating lens has been also designed and installed in the ion modification system. As a result, this system can produce a high purity metal ion beam with an energy in the range 10eV-10keV and ion current up to 20μA in a vacuum as high as 10^-7 Pa, which sufficiently satisfies requirements of modification of substrates.

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An ultra-fine machining is a key technology for obtaining a product with fine dimensions and surfaces. As a surface characteristic is greatly affected by cutting mechanism and/or chip formation, it is very important to predict the phenomenon. At an ultra-fine machining, a dimension of undeformed chip thickness is less than that of crystal of work material. A cutting may be seen to be carried out for single crystals with random orientations. The paper discusses about the cutting mechanism on single crystal material, and about the problems for predicting the cutting mechanism. Through the observation and quantitative measurements of cutting forces, friction angle on tool rake face etc. of fine cutting in SEM, the following results were obtained. The flow type chip is generated for any direction of single crystal. The shear angles, however, are greatly affected by the direction of crystal and the friction angle on rake face also, which depends on the direction and on the rake angle too. The alternation of shear angle depending on the direction can be predicted based on either slip theory of crystal or anisotropic plastic theory, when the friction angle for any direction is in hand. In order to predict a shear angle, a friction angle on rake face must be discussed.

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In this paper, preparation of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond grains by roll milling diamond films synthesized by arc discharge plasma jet CVD is described. In this roll milling process, a diamond film is put between metal plates, these are inserted in a thin plastic film case, a diamond film is milled by rolls together with the metal plates. By means of this roll milling technique, it is possible to control sizes of grains produced. Diamond abrasives of #140/170 are often used for grinding wheels. For the purpose of producing the most #140/170 grains from a diamond film, a suitable hardness of metal plates and final distance between metal plates were investigated, and found that a final distance between metal plates which is 1/8-1/15 of a thickness of a diamond film by using stainless steel (SUS304) plates is suitable milling condition. The friability of CVD diamond grains produced by roll milling is intermediate between that of natural diamond grains and commercial synthetic irregular diamond grains. The crystallinity of the diamond grains measure well in terms of X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy.

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This paper describes the dynamic behavior of the vapor pressure and plasma potential to investigate the metallic phase formation mechanism in laser-processing of the covalent bondceramics. The vapor pressure was measured with a high sensitivity acceleration sensor. The plasma potential was detected with electrical probes, which have been newly developed. The vapor pressure increases linearly with the peak power to about 39.2 MPa. The plasma propagation speed is higher than the velocity of sound nearby the target.

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In order to build a CAD system, The “Boundary Factor Model (BFM)” as the design model, a method to control a design process based on the use of a Petri net, and the “Object Operation” representation as the representation method of design knowledge have been reported. This paper focuses on the self-organization of the boundary factor model toward the hierarchical structure. The boundary factor model can be used as both a top-down and a bottom-up model. As the design proceeds, it is often necessary for the design model to have both of phases. Firstly, it is described how the boundary factor model is capable of representing a hierarchical structure and that it serves as the top-down and bottom-up model. Then, the algorithm is proposed to build up the hierarchical structure of the design model by the use of the properties of the Petri net. Since one structure of the Petri net is the mapping of that of the BFM, the hierarchical structure of the Petri net can map that of the BFM. It is formulated the Petri net control equation represents a hierarchical structure of the Petri net and is shown algorithms build up this formulation. According to this formulation, the structure of the BFM is rearranged hierarchically. Examples show that the BFM is self-organized in the hierarchical structure.

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CAD drawings contain drawing errors similar to manually-produced drawings. This paper is concerned with a computer-aided drawing check system for the drawing errors. Drawing elements are classified into local elements and global elements. The local elements in a mechanical drawing involve chamfers, rounds, fillets, holes and circular arcs. The problem treated in this paper is the checking of dimensional errors in the local elements. The checking items are the deficiency of dimensions, input-errors in dimension figures and symbols, in mechanical part drawings made by a CAD system. After drawing check, the local elements in the drawings are simplified for the next global dimension check.

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This paper describes a method of specification satisfaction, which is a kind of inverse problem solving, aiming to reason values of design variables of a hydraulic robot arm from given specifications of work area variables. Information representation for the aim is based on a network composed of nodes, which mean terms of each mathematical expression included in constraints to satisfy specifications, and arcs which connect terms with their mathematical expressions. Therefore, nodes and arcs make a bidirectional structure of constraints network between work area variables and design variables. The solution process has two phases. One is modification propagation employing linear approximation. It gradually modifies values of design variables in inverse from specifications of work area variables on the network. The other calculates values of work area variables regularly using the modified values of design variables. The two are repeated by turns till all the values of work area variables reach their specifications within given errors. A system by this method is programmed in Prolog and applied to real problems. As a result, the validity of the method is confirmed.

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The purpose of this study is to find out an ideal design principle which has the characteristics of generality, practicality and computability. From the viewpoint of the ideality of design principle, the approaches made by this time can satisfy only a part of the characteristics required and can not satisfy all of them. The main reason is as follows. The essential nature of the design lies in the synthetic process (composing and decomposing). But, the previous studies have not been able to deal with the synthetic process itself. The synthetic process has been observed and represented only by its results. In this study, the attention is paid to topology which has a metric space concept in itself. And the design knowledge is organized in the metric space. This organization is expected to optimize the structure of the design knowledge and deal with the synthetic nature of design. In this paper, the mechanizm of function operation is modeled mathematically. This model is very useful to construct the methodology of assisting the designers in the early stage in the design process.

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This paper describes a study on an integration of product modeling activity and reliability analysis activity. In order to support designer from the view point of reliability, it is necessary that the product modeling activity and reliability analysis activity are processed concurrently and the results of reliability analysis are presented to the designer during the modeling activity. To achieve the concurrent processing, the authors present a concept and a method of real time fault simulation that examines how the faults affect the design object during the modeling activity. In this concept, the fault simulation is decomposed into the solving operations of sub-problems and the coordinating operation of the solutions of the sub-problems, and these operations are performed during the modeling activity. A real time fault simulator is developed, which is integrated with a CAD system. An example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. It is found that the designers can obtain the information concerned with the fault propagation during the modeling activity by using the system.

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