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Article type: Cover
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
Cover1-
Published: October 01, 1953
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Article type: Cover
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
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Published: October 01, 1953
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Article type: Appendix
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
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Published: October 01, 1953
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Katsumi HOSODA, Hideo TAKATA
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
65-69
Published: October 01, 1953
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In this paper, the organo-mineral gels of black soil was studied by the Tyulin method. The results may be summarized as follows : (1) Black soil contained about 1% of G_1 and nearly 15% of G_2 content varied according to samples. In this point black soil was different from podzol, and it is difficult clearly the relationship between G_1 content and soil fertility. (2) In base exchange capacity G_1 was greater than G_2,which shows that black soil is a special kind of soil and that base exchange capacity of these groups have no relations with soil fertility. (3) In carbon-nitrogen ratio G_<2a> is greater than G_1,and black soil has a tendency to be analogous to the European podzol. But it can be assumed that in carbon and nitrogen content black soil was considerably different from both podzol and chernozem. (4) Judging from the inorganic composition of each group, it seems that though iron and aluminum were combined with silicon and its complex was combined with humus, yet at least, in the part of G_2 group a part of iron and aluminum were directly combined with humus. (5) The authers are of opinion that the soil which has large SiO_2/R_2O_3 of G_1 and G_2 can be fertilized with comparative ease. (6) Contrary to the author's expectations a high productive paddy soil was greater than field soil in the carbon-nitrogen ratio of each humate fraction of black soil, owing to the heavy use of farmyard manure and grass which were expected to be imperfectly decomposed and consequently formed a part of soil colloid. (7) The quantity of the 1st humate contained in G_1 and G_2 seems to be a little related to the fertility of soil, but it is doubtful whether it is of so much importance as Dr. Tyulin says.
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Katsumi HOSODA, Hideo TAKATA
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
70-73
Published: October 01, 1953
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F. m the black soil covering the Daisen plateau authors separated humus by various solvents, and determined its carbon and nitrogen content. The results obtained may be summarized as follows : (1) The humus solubility caused by various solvents is in the following order, Page reagent>2%-NaOH>1%-Na_2CO_3>1% Na-Oxalate. The solubility in Page reagent was nearly equal to that in boiled 2% NaOH solution. (2) The part soluble in 2% NaOH was removed and the residue was boiled in boiled 2% NaOH solution for thirty minutes. It seems that the soluble humus thus obtained, the fraction soluble in 2% boiled NaOH solution, was markedly greater than the humus soluble in other solvents in its carbon content and its carbon-nitrogen ratio and therefore it was clearly different from the other fractions. (3) Humus content is commonly calculated by multiplying carbon content by 1.724,but in the case of black soil this factor is not, by the author's opinion, proper for the purpose. (4) Concerning the high productive paddy soil the part of the humus soluble in boiled 2% NaOH was greater, and the carbon-nitrogen ratios of this part and also of the part insoluble in boiled 2% NaOH were especially small. (5) It came under the authors observation that not only the quantity of Humine, Fulvic acid, Hymatomelanic acid and Humic acid contained in humus but also the composition of each of these parts markedly varied according to the samples used. (6) The authors determined A type as well as B type-humus according to Simon's method. However, it is still doubtful whether the productivity of soil can be judged by these results. (7) The humus in field soil consists mostly in the Waksman's lignin-humus complex and protein, but the high productive paddy soil is now increasing its content of cellulose and hemicellulose.
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TAKESHI KAWAMORI, AKIRA SAKAGAMI, SHIGEHISA HASHIMOTO
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
74-78
Published: October 01, 1953
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A field experiment was conducted with barley to test the effect of manganese for 3 varieties in Harazato-village, manganese-deficient area at the foot of Mt. Fuji. The response was the highest with Iwatasantoku, the non-resistible variety, and the least with Suifu, the most resistible variety. It is, therefore, considered feasible that the resistivity of a barley variety against manganese-deficiency may be judged by the appearance of its hunger symptoms.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
78-
Published: October 01, 1953
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
78-
Published: October 01, 1953
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Jiro KOSAKA, Chikabumi HONDA, Tadashi TSUCHIYA
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
79-83
Published: October 01, 1953
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Uronic carbon in soils is ordinarily determined by boiling soils with 12% HCl. For this boiling, authors applied the apparatus for wet combustion method of carbon. Carbon dioxide evolved was introduced into U-tube, containing soda-lime, and weighed. (See Fig. 1) Of several soils, uronic carbon was determined to following results. 1) Of upland soils, the content of uronic carbon was not so changeable (0.5〜1.1%). In soils, rich in humus, the ratio of uronic carbon to total carbon was small.(See Table 2) The ratio increased with the depth of soil profile in all soil types except wet forest soil. In wet forest soil this ratio was smaller in B_2-G horizon. In podsolized soil, this ratio increased remarkably, when the depth reached to B_1 beyond A_2. (See Fig. 2) The distribution of uronic acid in each fraction of humus was as in Table 4 : i) in non-podsolized soil (named Owada) the ratio of uronic carbon to total carbon in acid soluble humus decreased with the depth of soil profile, while in fulvic acid and also in non alkali soluble humus increased, ii) in podsolized soil (named Jumonjitoge) the ratio in acid soluble humus only increased with the depth; by the comparison of i) to ii) uronic acid group was concluded to be formed in its existing place in the former soil, and to be accumulated in B horizon in the latter soil. 2) Of lowland soils, the ratio of above meaning was smallest in peat and seemed to be enlarged by the progress of drainage. (See Table 3) With depth of soil profile, the ratio decreased in Half-bog soil, not changed in subsoil in Meadow soil, and increased in Gray lowland soil. (See Fig. 3)
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Ichiro KATAOKA
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
84-88
Published: October 01, 1953
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Studies was made on complete dispersion of "Onji" (allitic volcanogenous soil) as previous treatment for mechanical analysis by elutriation. Satisfactory result was obtained by the following procedure : 5 g of sample, taken in 1 l shaking bottle, was added with 500 ml. of 5% oxalic acid solution. The solution was heated previously at about 30℃ before the addition. The bottle with the sample was shakened for one hour by shaking machine. For "Onji" with humus, it was necessary to add 30〜50 ml. of 30% H_2O_2 to the soil on the water bath, to decompose humus before the addition of oxalic acid. Solubility of various fresh minerals by 5% oxalic acid was found almost negligible.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
88-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
88-
Published: October 01, 1953
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
88-
Published: October 01, 1953
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Azuma OKUDA, Shiro HORI, Katsuhiko TOKUBO
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
89-92
Published: October 01, 1953
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1. The amounts of water stable aggregate of various soils treated with several so-called soil conditioners (Krilium, Aerotil, C.M.C. etc.), humic acid and lignin were estimated. These soil conditioners formed considerable amounts of aggregate and their abilities varied with the soils. Humic acid and lignin were ineffective for aggregate formation. (Table 1.) 2. Between the treatment of soil with N/100 HCl, N-NaCl, N-CaCl_2 or 6% H_2O_2 and formation of water stable aggregate by soil conditioners no specific relation was observed. (Table 2.) 3. The aggregate was formed increasingly with the increased addition of soil conditioners, but when the addition exceeded more than 0.5% the formation was observed to decrease in some cases. (Table 3,4.) 4. When Uji soil treated with aerotil was air dried the quantity of aggregate was decreased than held in wet chamber. On the other hand, in the case of C.M.C. an increase was observed. No change was observed in the case of A-22 (one of the Napolyacrylate products.). (Table 5,6.) 5. The favourable quantity of water to dissolve soil conditioner was about 90 per cent of water capacity of the soil. (Table 7.)
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Michihiko YATAZAWA, Kisao TAI
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
93-95
Published: October 01, 1953
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In the preceeding paper, it has been described that the transition form of foliar sprayed phosphate to other parts of the plant might be in considerable extent as some sugar esters. In this paper the responses of sugars to the transition rate of phosphate are discussed especially when various sugars are applied on leaves together with inorganic phosphate. Water cultured young wheat plants were placed in dark for 48 hours to starve their leaves of sugars, then applied 5% sugar 1/10 M sodium-dihydrogen phosphate aq. (containning 2 micro curie/ml of P-32) on the 2nd leaf of each plant. These plants were again placed in dark for 48 hours to be examined the transition rate of phosphate in dark. Results are shown in table 2. From this, it can be concluded that common fermentable sugars e.g. glucose and fructose are most effective for the transportation of phosphate, and galactose, xylose, maltose, and soluble starch followed in this order. The reasons why fermentable sugars are so effective for increasing phosphate transportation is supposed to be due to the accelerative formation of phosphate esters in the mediation of energy-rich phosphate bond which is originated in respiratory and fermentation systems in leaf cells in the presence of considerable amount of foliar applied inorganic phosphate. Thus a material that can not be utilized in plant leaf as an energy source, seems not to accelerate the transportation of inorganic phosphate, on the contrary utilizable organic acids etc. are to accelerate the reaction. At any rate, assuming that the foliar appied phosphate will diffuse in concentration gradiant accompanied with esterified phosphate, it is not difficult to suppose that such transition rate much exceeds what is induced from inorganic phosphate alone.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
95-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
95-
Published: October 01, 1953
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Akira BABA
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
96-106
Published: October 01, 1953
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Phosphorus, silicon, aluminum contained in the vitreous fused phosphate (Ca-Mg-phosphate) can be considered respectively as glassformer elements similar to those in ordinary glass. Calculating its chemical composition, a rule of oxide comosition in grass is also applicable to the vitreous fused phosphate. And so a mol ratio of all oxygen contained in the phosphate to the sum of glass-former elements, or P, Si and Al, is easily calculated by its chemical composition. This ratio, or (ΣO)/(P+Si+Al), is tentatively named the oxygen mol ratio of the vitreous fused phosphate, which is thoguht to indicate strength of its chemical durability. The solubility of vitreous fused phosphate in carbondioxide saturated water is generally proportional to the oxygen mol ratio, and the phosphate which has the ratio larger than 3.0 is more soluble than the other.
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Hiroyasu KASHIWAGI, Kanichi OTA
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
107-110
Published: October 01, 1953
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In this paper the authors investigated the chemical properties of the allitic soils. The results were summarized as follows. (1) The SETA soils; The uncultivated soils have higher acidity than the cultivated soils. The cultivated top-soil has still a negative charge at pH 3.5,and the pH-ζ curve has the remarkable min-value. The min-value of pH-ζ curve on the cultivated top-soils is more eminent than that on the uncultivated top-soils. The pH-ζ curves have not the min-value on either of subsoils. The amount of soluble aluminium in the cultivated soils is smaller than that in the uncultivated soils at same pH. (2) The TAIZANJINO soils; The cultivated and uncultivated top-soils haven't the min-value of negative charge in pH-ζ curve, as a result of the rotted materials seem to be much accumulated under the condition of cold weather and the amount of calcium is lack. It seems that these subsoils have the properties of top-soil, owing to the calcium removed from top-soil to the subsoil. (3) Thus we should think, through the maturity of one's own process, these two uncultivated soils turn into what of alike properties.
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Hiroyasu KASHIWAGI, Kanichi OTA
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
111-113
Published: October 01, 1953
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Owings to the high content of calcium, FUJISAKA soil seems to have the following pecuriality in its pH-ζ curve. When uncultivated, the top-soil has a remarkable difference between max. and min. values of negative charge, while the subsoil has scarcely negative charge. When cultivated, the top soil has the remarkable min. value of negative charge.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
113-
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Shuichi ISHIZAWA
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
114-117
Published: October 01, 1953
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Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
117-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
117-
Published: October 01, 1953
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Shuichi ISHIZAWA
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
118-121
Published: October 01, 1953
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I. The behavior of the root nodule bacteria to nitrate was investigated in the yeast water mannitol solution which contains ammonia as well as nitrate. It may be expected that if nitrate is atlacked as nitrogen source, the reduction process of nitrate will certainly be influenced by the presence of ammonia. The root nodnle bacteria are divided into the following groups according to the results obtained : Group 1. The reduction of nitrate is not influenced by the presence of ammonia. All of the nitrate disappear from the culture solution without leaving ammonia as well as nitrite, certainly followed by the loss of nitrogen. ……Strains from alfalfa-, lupine-, soybean- and Sesbania. Group 2. Nitrate is reduced, accompanied by a remarkable accumulation of nitrite. The presence of ammonia seems to retard further reduction of nitrite. ……Strains from alfalfa-, and cowpea-group, Mimosa, and Leucoena. Group 3. Small amounts of nitrite are produced. The reduction of nitrate seems to be retarded. ……Strains from pea-, clover-, bean-, lupine-, soybean-, and cowpea-group; Sesbania, Dalea, Indigofera, Styphnolobium, Caragana, Robinia, Sophora, and Vicia (nipponia). II. In order to see the relation of rhizobial growth to the free and combined oxygen (NO_3^-), the growth-zone in the agar shake culture was examined. Most of the strains grow in the surface layer of the yeast water mannitol agar (1% agar), though not without difference in the inner limit of growth, while few strains from alfalfa-, soybean-, and cowpea-group are able to grow to a considerable depth. These results seem to indicate that the root nodule bacteria are generally aerobic. In the nitrate yeast water mannited agar, the strains belonging to group 1 and some strains of group 2 are able to grow anoerobically to certain extent, but the others do not.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
121-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
121-
Published: October 01, 1953
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
122-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
122-
Published: October 01, 1953
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
122-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
122-
Published: October 01, 1953
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
122-
Published: October 01, 1953
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
122-
Published: October 01, 1953
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
122-123
Published: October 01, 1953
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
123-
Published: October 01, 1953
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
123-
Published: October 01, 1953
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Article type: Appendix
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
124-128
Published: October 01, 1953
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Article type: Appendix
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1953 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages
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