Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1954 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages Cover1-
Published: August 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.25.2_Cover1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1954 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages Cover2-
Published: August 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.25.2_Cover2

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1954 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages App1-
Published: August 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.25.2_App1

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Studies on the Behavior of 2,4-D in Soils (Part 3) : On the Mechanism of Absorption and Fixation of 2,4-D by Soils

Yasuo TAKIJIMA, Takeshi HAYASHI

Article type: Article
1954 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 49-52
Published: August 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.25.2_49

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In this country, under the temperate humid climate, it has been frequently observed that the medicinal injuries of field crops are caused by 2,4-D applied in soile as weed-killers. From the standpoint of soil chemistry, this injuries are probably governed by absorbed amount and the mobility of 2,4-D with water in soils. Some experiments were made by authors to resolve these problems, and the results obtained may be summarized as follows : 1. Absorbed amount of 2,4-D (Na-salt) by soils is various according to its applied amount; when applied 1 mg per 6g of soil, it amounts 3.2-16.2mg per 100 g of air dried soil, and applied 15 mg, it amounts 10-210 mg. Absorption rate of 2,4-D is higher in diluvial volcanic ash soils than in alluvial sandy loams. From the test of inhibiting effect on root growth of wheat seedlings, this absorption is found to be inversely proportional with the physiological activity of 2,4-D in soils. (Part 1) 2. 2,4-D absorbed by these soils except alluvial sandy loams is not so easily removed with water, a fairly amount of which seems to be fixed in insoluble form. This amount, designated as "a fixed amount", is accepted as of showing the mobility of 2,4-D in soils. When 2,4-D is applied 1 mg per 6 g of soil a fixed amount numbers 1.5-11.7 mg per 100 g of various soils. 3. Addition of Ca(OH)_2 to acid soils causes the decrease of the absorption rate and the fixation of 2,4-D. (Part 2) 4. Of the mechanisms of absorption and fixation of 2,4-D by soil, the following conclusions are got. a) Some positive correlations are found between 2,4-D and soils; absorption rate and fixation of the former and base exchange capacity and phosphorus absorption of the latter. (Table 3) b) Fixation of 2,4-D by soils decreases when the soils are treated with dil. NaOH, NaF and Na-citrate solutions. (Table 4) c) Absorbed and fixed amounts of 2,4-D by homoionic soils decrease in the following order : Al-soil, H-soil, original soil, and Ca-soil. The solubility of metal salts of 2,4-D in water increases in the following order : Al-salt, free-acid, Ca-salt and Na-salt. (Table 5 and 6) d) Soils, having a higher fixing capacity for 2,4-D, are all proved to be strongly allitic, in which aluminium soluble in water and dil. HCl or extracted in N-KCl being much. (Fig. 1 and Table 7) It may be, therefore, assumed that the absorption and fixation of 2,4-D by soils are mainly due to the combination with the active aluminium in soils.

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Studies on the Characteristics of the Physiologlcal Function of Leaf at Definite Position on Stem of Rice Plant (Part 1) : Morphological Characterstics of the Development of Leaf at Definite Position in Relation to the Growth of Whole Plant

Akira TANAKA

Article type: Article
1954 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 53-57
Published: August 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.25.2_53

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The writer has studied on the life history of rice plant from the view point of nutrio-physiology. In these studies, the rice plants were treated as a whole plant. But this whole plant is constructed from many tillers and these tillers are constructed from many leaves. So, the macroscopic studies in which plants are treated as a whole, have only quantitative meaning. If it is desired to know the physiological condition of the rice plant at any stage of growth qualitatively, analytical studies must be made in which the many parts that make up the whole plant are dealt with. So, the writer of this paper studied morphological characteritics of development of leaves on mainstem a definite positions. The following results were obtained. (1) Leaf-length reflects the environmental condition under which the leaf developed. (2) Ratio of leaf-blade-length to leaf-sheath-length of upper leaves is larger than that of lower, except the boot leaf. (3) Lower leaves grow first and then the upper ones grow successively. The longevity of upper leaves is greater than that of lower. (4) Proportion of materials which can translocate from leaf to another part in relation to total leaf weight is larger in upper leaves than in lower. These facts suggest that each definite leaf has its characteristics of the physiological function corresponding to its position on stem.

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1954 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 57-
Published: August 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.25.2_57

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Studies on Soil Conditioner "Krillium" (Part 3) : Influence of "Krillium" upon Soil Pores and Granulation

Minoru IKEDA, Isamu HARADA

Article type: Article
1954 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 58-60
Published: August 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.25.2_58

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In clay soil of loose condition, as reported in part 2,there is no change in percentage of soil pores with or without Krillium. In clay soil of compact condition, are less with Krillium pores than without. In Ca system there is no change in soil pores by the addition of Krillium, but in Na system Krillium causes soil pores to increase. When the water added to soil increase, pores in the soil of loose condition with or without Krillium increase, and pores are more in soil of loose condition than that of compact condition. If the amount of added water exceeds a certain increase, there is no influence of Krillium on the increase of soil pores. Soil samples with more than 25% of added water is not desirable for the experiment. Maximum air content of clay soil is not influenced by Krillium in loose condition, but it decreases by Krillium in compact condition. Maximum air content decreases by increasing the volume of added water to soil and is not influenced by the amount of Krillium added in both conditions. Minimum air content of soil increases by increasing the amount of Ca-Krillium, but it decreases by Na-Krillium in both conditions, loose and compact, of dry soil samples. When water is added, the minimum air content increases, and in Ca system the increase is greater than in Na system in both condition. There is much influence of Krillium upon glanulation : in Ca system, 1〜2 mm aggregates are much and in Na system 0.5〜1 mm aggregates are much as shown in table 4.

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Studies on Reaction between Superphosphate and Serpentine (Part 1) : Effects of Water and Free Phosphoric Acid on Conversion to Available Magnesium

Teruo NAKAMURA, Fumio YAMAZOE, Kikuo KISHIMOTO

Article type: Article
1954 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 61-64
Published: August 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.25.2_61

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Since water and phosphoric acid content seem to be important conditions in manufacturing "serpentine superphosphate", their effects on the conversion to available magnesium in the reaction between superphosphate and serpentine were studied. Sixteen-mesh commercial superphosphate (Table 1,a) was mixed with 100-mesh serpentine (Table 1,b) in the 3 : 1,4 : 1,6 : 1,and 8 : 1 proportions; and water was added to these four mixtures to 15% content, respectively (Table 2), or three phosphoric acid solutions were added to 4 : 1 mixtures, respectively (Table 2). Total, 2% citric acid soluble, and water soluble magnesias were determined after 1,7,14,and 21 days curings at 29℃, while being compared with the change of pH value. From results obtained, the effects of water and free phosphoric acid were discussed, referring to the chemical reaction (cf. Equation : 1〜5). It was concluded that water and free phosphoric acid are important factors of the conversion to available magnesium, and the presence of about 15% water and several per cent free phosphoric acid increases largely both amount and speed of this conversion.

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Absorption of Chloride by Rice Plants

Noboru SHIMOSE

Article type: Article
1954 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 65-68
Published: August 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.25.2_65

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The author cultured rice plants in the nutrient solutions containing various levels of chloride and harvested at the different stages of growth, namely at the transplanting (27th, June), shooting (29th, July), ear-forming (14th, Aug.), flowering (2nd, Sept.), milky ripening (22nd, Sept.) and at the mature stages (27th, Oct.). Chloride contents in their leaves and stems were figured in Fig. 1,and total, proteinous and soluble nitrogen contents were shown in Table 2. The results obtained can be summarized as follows : 1. Rice plants in 0.8 and 1.0% Cl plots died at the ear-forming stage, in the other plots the rice plants grew successfully from the beginning to the mature stage. 2. The fresh weights of them at the mature stage tended to decrease as the chloride contents in the nutrient solutions increased. 3. The absorption of chloride by rice plants through their growth period can be devided into three periods. The first period, from the transplanting to the shooting stage : a considerable amount of chloride was absorbed in the leaves and stems, both in higher and lower chloride contents. The second period, that is the flowring stage : chloride which had been absorbed at the first period markedly decreased; and probably it evaded through roots. The third period, from the milky ripening to the mature stage : rice plants which were cultured in the higher chloride contents absorbed chloride again, but in the lower plots they did not absorb chloride. 4. At the mature stage, the decrease of tolal and soluble nitrogen contents in the leaves and stems were proportional to the increase of concentrations of chloride in the nutrient solutions, but a reverse tendency was observed in regard to the proteinous nitrogen contents. However, from these results only, we should not conclude that protein synthesis was disturbed by the chloride contained in rice plants.

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Determination of Soil Colour by Photocolorimeter

Yutaka KAMOSHITA, Yutaka YAMADA

Article type: Article
1954 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 69-71
Published: August 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.25.2_69

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Of some principal soil types in Japan, characteristic soil colours were determined by the use of photocolorimeter. (see Table 1) Air dried soils, less than 0.5 mm in diameter; were put in the hole (30 mm of diameter, 6 mm of depth) of the frame, equipped to the meter. Light (C source) was introduced to the smoothed surface of soils, 45° to the surface; and light, upward perpendicularly reflected, was caught through three kinds of screen, red, green, and blue the amounts of each screened light being measured by photoelectric cell. From the amounts, so measured, Tristimulus Values were calculated. These values induced Chromaticity (x, y) of each applied soil. (sec Table 2) By plotting Chromaticity on HARDY'S diagram, Dominant wave length of colour and its Purity were determined to the results (see Graph 1,refering Table 2) : 1) Dominant waves changed, in general, from yellow to orange in the following order of soil types, Grayish-brown forest soil, Brown forest soil, Red-dish-brown soil and Red soil. In this comparison, soil colour of B horizon was principally taken out. 2) Purity was, in general, diminished gradually from subsoil upward to surface soil in each profile of soil types, excluding the extraordinarily coloured C horizon.

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1954 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 71-
Published: August 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.25.2_71

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Decomposition of Rock Phosphate by Sodium Chloride and Water Vapor (Part 1) : On the Method of Utilizing Aluminium Phosphate Rock

Masao HAMAMOTO

Article type: Article
1954 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 72-76
Published: August 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.25.2_72

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1. 2% Citric Acid soluble phosphates were obtained by heating mixtures of Sodium Chloride and KITADAITO Aluminium Phosphate Rock about 800℃ in the Water Vapor atmosphere. These products contained also water soluble phosphate and were very hygroscopic. 2. When adding Idaho Phosphate Rock to these mixtures and heating on the same conditions, water soluble phosphates decreased extremely and Idaho Phosphate Rock were almost decomposed and became 2% Citric Acid soluble form. These products were not hygroscopic and P_2O_5 contained in the products were almost soluble in 2% Citric Acid. 3. The mechanism of these reactions was presumed as follows : KITADAITO Aluminium Phosphate Rock were decomposed by Sodium Hydroxide which formed by the reaction between Sodium Chloride and Water Vapor above 700℃, and sodium aluminium phosphates and Sodium Phosphates were formed. These products then decomposed Idaho phosphate rock and final products may be contains Al_2Na_3(PO_4)_3,Al_2Ca_3Na_6(PO_4)_6,CaNaPO_4 etc. 4. Manufacturing conditions of these phosphatic fertilizers utilizing reactions above mentioned were studied.

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1954 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 76-
Published: August 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.25.2_76_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1954 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 76-
Published: August 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.25.2_76_2

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Studies on the Secondary Particle (Part 2) : On the Constitution and the Function of Water-Stable Micro-Aggregates

Seiji SUDO

Article type: Article
1954 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 77-80
Published: August 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.25.2_77

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Physical properties have long been considered to have been dependent upon the porosity and water system of soils. Recently, the soil structure seemed to be found by V. R. WIILIAMS to have an intimate relation to activities of micro-organisms and chemical changes in soils. In this paper results of experiments on secondary particles were published as follows : Secondary particles were visualized in the previous paper as its being an element of soil structure. (1) The constitution of secondary particles was independent to the content of free sesqui-oxides, but dependent on the quality of organic matters. Eh decreased in the following order, crumb, secondary particle and single particle. (2) In concerning to the water system and the permeability, the secondary particles did the function as like as the crumbs and not as the single particles. Soil water was classified into three water-systems; capillary water (available water) (PF 2.7〜4.2), swelling water (PF 4.2〜5.5) and hygroscopic water (PF 5.5〜7.0). (3) In the upland field where irrigation was made, sub-soils were, brought to be dispersed as the top-soils.

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Effect of Reaction to the Mechanical Analysis of Soils after International B Method

Yutaka KAMOSHITA, Kiyoko KOBAYASHI

Article type: Article
1954 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 81-82
Published: August 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.25.2_81

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By the use of two sorts of water, acidic (pH 5.0) and alkaline (pH 11.0), mechanical analyses were made after International B method. Acidic water was produced by the addition of acetic acid, and alkaline water, by ammonium hydrate. After the results with two soils, contrast to each other, it was concluded that the clay part in a volcanic ashy soil (SiO_2/Al_2O_3 was about 1) was more got in acidic water, while that in an ordinary alluvial soil (SiO_2/Al_2O_3 was more than 2) in alkaline water.

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1954 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 82-
Published: August 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.25.2_82_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1954 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 82-
Published: August 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.25.2_82_2

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1954 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 82-
Published: August 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.25.2_82_3

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Fixation of Ammonium in Soils

Shigenori AOMINE

Article type: Article
1954 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 83-86
Published: August 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.25.2_83

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1954 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 87-
Published: August 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.25.2_87_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1954 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 87-
Published: August 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.25.2_87_2

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1954 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 87-
Published: August 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.25.2_87_3

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1954 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 87-
Published: August 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.25.2_87_4

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1954 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 88-
Published: August 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.25.2_88_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1954 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 88-
Published: August 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.25.2_88_2

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1954 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 88-
Published: August 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.25.2_88_3

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1954 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 89-96
Published: August 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.25.2_89

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1954 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages App2-
Published: August 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.25.2_App2

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1954 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages Cover3-
Published: August 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.25.2_Cover3

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1954 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages Cover4-
Published: August 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.25.2_Cover4

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