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Predecessor
Volume 71, Issue 1
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Article type: Cover
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages Cover1-
Published: February 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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Article type: Cover
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages Cover2-
Published: February 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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Article type: Appendix
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages App1-_23_
Published: February 05, 2000
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H. MasujimaArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages i-ii
Published: February 05, 2000
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Natsuyo Uchida, Syuntaro Hiradate, Katsuhiro the late InoueArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 1-8
Published: February 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe conducted experiments for the humic acid adsorption by allophane, ferrihydrite, activated charcoal and micro charcoal to clarify the mechanisms involved in the accumulation of humic substances in Andisols. Adsorption envelopes indicated that: 1) the adsorption patterns of humic acid on these materials from equilibrium pH 4 to 6 showed that the amount of humic acid sorbed was the largest for allophane folowed by activated charcoal, ferrihydrite and micro charcoal; 2) there were many differences between activated charcoal and micro charcoal in regards to their humic acid adsorption properties; and 3) many researches indicated that the amount of active Al was much larger than that of micro charcoal in Andisols. From these results, we concluded that active Al plays an important role in the accumulation of humic substances in Andisols, as indicated by Kobo and Oba, Wada and Higashi, Shoji, and Inoue and Higashi.View full abstractDownload PDF (1036K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 8-
Published: February 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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Tsuneyoshi Endo, Sadahiro Yamamoto, Toshimasa Honna, Koji Iimura, Raul ...Article type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 9-17
Published: February 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA soil survey of the middle of Baja California, Mexico, was conducted at two sites to investigate morphological, physical and chemical properties. The sites were Guerrero Negro and Jesus Maria. They were highly affected by quarternary aeolian deposits. The soil texture of Guerrero Negro was sandy. The soil classification of this site corresponded to Psamment (USDA Soil Taxonomy) or Aridic Arenosol (WRB). The sands of the area were transported and sedimented by the influence of a lagoon. The soil profile of the site consisted of three layers. The top layer was light yellowish in color with no accumulation of organic matter. The second layer was a hard brownish red layer with an abundance of gypsum. These two layers contained illite, kaolinite and smectite. The contents of illite and kaolinite were much higher than smectite. The third layer of the investigated profile was grayish yellow and composed of calcite. The soil texture of Jesus Maria, 40 km north of Guerrero Negro, was clay-like and had a slight degree of weathering. However, the degree of weathering in the upper layer was slightly stronger than that in the lower layer. The soil classification of this site corresponded to Orthent (USDA Soil Taxonomy) or Aridic Calcisol (WRB). The dry climate of the area resulted in a highly developed top layer structure as indicated by the rich clay contents. The lower layer was not identified with any particular structure. The soil profile of the site was mainly smectite. Deflocculation of the smectite, leading to the blockage of pores, resulted in hardening of the soil profile. These finding ssuggested that the various soil profiles in the middle of Baja California, Mexico, contain different deposit types.View full abstractDownload PDF (1126K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 17-
Published: February 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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Tsuneyoshi Endo, Sadahiro Yamamoto, Toshimasa Honna, Masako Takashima, ...Article type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 18-26
Published: February 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was carried out in the middle of Baja California, where there is a great risk of salt accumulation due to weather conditions and little use of subterranean water for irrigation. Various properties of uncultivated and cultivated soils were investigated to clarify the behavior and distribution in the profile of salts by irrigation at three sites. The first site (Guerrero Negro) was managed under trickle irrigation for either one or four years. Although some spots in the area contained 3 dS m^<-1> in ECe (electrical conductivity of saturated extract) that was caused by CaSO_4, the average ECe was 1 dS m^<-1>. No evidence of a tendency for the accumulation of sodium in the profile was observed because of the sandy texture. Soil pH was remarkably high (above 8.5) due to changes in salt compositions as the result of irrigation. The second site (Vizcaino) was managed using furrow irrigation for a decade. The irrigated soil had some accumulation of sodium salt on the surface. This has been ascribed to the poor quality of the irrigation water. Although irrigation water with a high salt concentration was applied, there was a stable crop yield for a decade. This may have been possible because of the sandy soil texture through which salts were easily leached to lower layers. The third site (Jesus Maria) was managed using furrow irrigation for eleven years. The soil had mainly sodium salt accumulation on the surface (above 10 dS m^<-1> in ECe value). It sustained stable crop production for eleven years. These findings indicate that irrigation water quantities should be supplied in amounts and qualities just enough to meet crop requirements without exacerbating salt accumulation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1170K) -
Atsushi Yamaki, Katsuo Okamoto, Hiroyuki Kawshima, Tetsuo AnzaiArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 27-34
Published: February 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) The area of poorly drained paddy fields can be detected from Landsat TM data. The brightness of TM Band 5 for wet ground is lower than that of dry soil. A location which does not receive rain for the previous 30 d is suitable for distinguishing a poorly drained paddy field from a well-drained one. 2) Using the TM data, paddy fields in Chiba Prefecture were divided into three parts, i.e., poorly, moderately and well-drained fields. The distribution of these is similar to the soil map composed from the ground soil survey conducted in the 1970s. 3) Comparing to the previous soil map, the current area of poorly drained fields seems to be decreasing in Chiba Prefecture. This trend is remarkable inland.View full abstractDownload PDF (859K) -
Yaozong Jiang, Qiaomu Li, Satoshi MatsumotoArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 35-40
Published: February 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe clarified the chemical composition of the clay fraction and the clay mineral composition using an X-ray diffraction meter for three kinds of paddy soil samples which were taken from fields in JinLin Province, northeast China, which is a cold and semi-arid area. Then, we examined the influences of the climate in this region on the composition of clay minerals with the paddy soil formation comparing it with a case of respective upland soils. The results are summarized as follows. 1) All samples contained quartz and feldspar. Quartz and feldspar in the clay fraction of the paddy soils developed from Cambisol and Planosol-type upland soils contained much more than that of respective upland soils, but they contained almost same level in paddy soils developed from Luvisol. This difference seems to come from the influence of soil water circumstance, freezing and melting reactions on soil conditions after surface drainage. 2) The main clay mineral composition was different in three kinds of paddy soils. Montmollironite and illite were dominant in Cambisol-type paddy soil, illite and vermiculite were dominant in Planosol-type soil, and illite was dominant in Luvisol-type soil. These differences in clay mineral composition were considered to be due to the differences in parent materials, metamorphism by the eluviation of potassium and its enrichment. 3) The main clay mineral composition in the same paddy soil profile was uniform, any changes in the composition of clay minerals of the plough layer in the paddy soil formation were therefore recognized. 4) The main clay mineral composition was the same in the paddy soil and its respective upland soil. This fact shows that there were no changes in the clay mineral composition in the older paddy soil several decades after development as compared to the upland soils, and that the influence of the original clay mineral composition is strong in this area.View full abstractDownload PDF (753K) -
Hiroyuki Matsuda, Hiroshi Fujii, Hou Ando, Yasushi Shibata, Katsushi Y ...Article type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 41-46
Published: February 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSField experiments were conducted to clarify the protein content of milled rice as affected by the amount of nitrogen (N) in grains and grain weight from 1990 to 1996 using two cultivar varieties (Sasanishiki and Haenuki). Both varieties showed the same response. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Negative correlation between the amount of N in the rice plant at heading and N use efficiency (here defined as number of grains/amount of N in the plant at heading, NUE) was observed. A linear relationship between protein content in milled rice and NUE was observed. 2. There was a linear relation between amount of N in the plant at heading/number of grains and amount of N in the milled rice. 3. A negative correlation existed between protein content of milled rice and grain weight when the amount of N in the rice plant at heading was less than 13.0 g m^<-2>. 4. Increased grain weight resulted due to a decrease in the protein content of the milled rice if the amount of N in the milled rice was the same. Furthermore, the same trend was observed if N use efficiency of the grain number was the same.View full abstractDownload PDF (696K) -
Yutaka Owa, Satoshi MatumotoArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 47-54
Published: February 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe found the phenomenon that insolubilized matter of polymer accumulates as an impermeable membrane in soil when an aqueous solution of a polymer with carboxyl groups such as polyacrylic acid is percolated in to the soil. In order to make this phenomenon clearer, we conducted experiments of layer formations in a soil column. The results obtained are as follows. 1. When an aqueous solution of polymers containing 2.0 g kg^<-1> of polyacrylic acid and 0.3 g kg^<-1> of polyacrylamide was percolated into a soil column for 20 to 100 h, the percolation rate of the solution gradually decreased and became 1×10^<-5> cm s^<-1>. 2. An impermeable layer in the soil column was formed by insolubilized polymer gel and soil particles. 3. Calcium was dominantly concentrated in the impermeable layer. The amounts of calcium and carboxyl groups of the polymer constituting the impermeable layer were nearly equivalent. Therefore, calcium is considered to play an important role in the layer formation. 4. Out of the comparison between the pore space in the soil and the gel volume in the impermeable layer, it may be inferred that the thickness of the impermeable layer is about 2 mm. The formative phenomenon of the impermeable layer found by the authors includes migration, immobilization and accumulation of organic substances in the soil. Thus, this phenomenon might become a model for studying the dynamics of organic matters in soils.View full abstractDownload PDF (1115K) -
Yasuo Nakamaru, Masami Nanzyo, Shin-ichi YamasakiArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 55-62
Published: February 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reactivity of the apatite in the volcanic ash from Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines, to various soil components (Al, Fe and organic acids) was examined in this study. The heavy fraction (specific gravity>2.8) of the volcanic ash having the diameter of 0.044-0.2 mm was first separated by sieving in water, and then by centrifugation using heavy liquid. The content of P_2O_5 in the heavy fraction thus obtained was 6.5 g kg^<-1>, One-hundred milligrams of the heavy fraction was shaken with 500 mg of four soils containing different amounts of active Al and Fe, four model materials (Al-gel, Al-Si-gel, Fe-gel and goethite), organic acids (10 mM of citrate and oxalate), and dilute HCl(0-4 mM) in 25 mL of aqueous solution for 16 h. The pH values of the solution ranged from 3 to 7 when the experiments were completed. The amounts of dissolved apatite P increased with the decrease in the final pH of the solutions. For all soil samples, Al-gel, and Al-Si-gel, the amounts of dissolved apatite P became noticeable only when the final pH values were lower than 4.5. On the contrary, the reactivity of active Fe with apatite was higher than that of active Al. Substantial reactions between Fe-gel and goethite and apatite were observed under the final pH ranges of 3-7. The amounts of apatite P reacted with Fe-gel increased with the amount added, suggesting that the amount of active Fe contained in the soil samples examined were not sufficient to react with the apatite. It was suggested that apatite does not react with active Al immediately under normal soil pH conditions, although active Fe reacts with apatite and reactivity is affected by the form and amount of active Fe. The amounts of apatite P dissolved by organic acids were also dependent on solution pH. Although the dissolution of apatite by organic acids was observed even at the final pH of 5-6, dissolution with dilute HCl was not observed under the above pH range. This can be attributed to the ability of those organicacids to form chelate compounds with Ca in apatite, resulting in the release of P in the apatite into the liquid phase. The mode of dissolution by oxalate solution was different from that by citrate solution. In lower pH conditions (final pH<4.5), the amount of dissolved P by oxalate solution did not increase with reduction in final pH. This might result from the formation of a coated layer due to precipitated Ca oxalate at the surface of apatite, which prevents further reaction of oxalate and apatite.View full abstractDownload PDF (1147K) -
Machiko Kirikae, Ryusuke HatanoArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 63-71
Published: February 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo evaluate the difference of the H^+ via nitrification among soil types or vegetation types when external NH_4^+ was added to forest soils and to investigate the soil factors that control nitrification, we conducted leaching incubation experiments adding 3 concentrations of NH_4^+ nutrient solutions (0, 5.3, 15.9 mg N L^<-1>) weekly for 6 weeks. Fourteen A horizon samples differed in parent materials and vegetation (deciduous or coniferous). The results btaine are as follows. 1) Nitrification was restrained without NH_4^+ addition, whereas it was promoted with NH_4^+ addition after 6 weeks of incubation. The nitrate product with high-NH_4^+ addition was one to two times higher than that with low-NH_4^+ addition. 2) In four samples (coniferous 3, deciduous 1) with less than 10% Ca saturations, nitrification did not occur even with NH_4^+ addition. 3) Nitrate products were generally higher in the samples from the deciduous forests than the coniferous forests. Samples with shale and serpentinite parent materials had lower nitrification potentials. 4) Judging the properties of nitrification potential from the release of H^+, we identified two pathways of nitrification; one had NH_4^+ as the substrate and the other had organic nitrogen as the substrate. The lower nitrification potential soils leaned on nitrification via organic nitrogen. 5) Results of multiple regression analyse ssuggested that pH_<kcl> and exchangeable Ca^<2+> were contributive to nitrification and the release of H^+ via nitrification.View full abstractDownload PDF (1089K) -
Yasuo Fukutoku, Yuko Teraoka, Shunichi Koto, Kenichi KuboArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 72-81
Published: February 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe dynamics of nitrogen in hydroponically grown muskmelons was examined in detail from the stage of vegetative growth to harvest. At harvest, 70% of the plant nitrogen was absorbed after pollination and 76% of it was distributed to the fruit. It was suggested that a substantial amount of the nitrogen absorbed via the roots before and just after pollination was directly distributed to the infant fruit and that, after pollination, the fruit development and maturation were caused by the redistribution of the nitrogen from other organs. In order to clarify this point, we examined the nitrogen dynamics in plants from the viewpoint of the source-sink relationship. In summary, fruit always functions as a large 'sink,' and nearly 50% of the fruit nitrogen at harvest is derived from the redistribution of nitrogen from other organs, mainly from the leaves. The leaves were classified into three groups in terms of their function, either as a source organ or a sink organ. It was then found that they function as a large 'source' of nitrogen after pollination.View full abstractDownload PDF (1227K) -
Sadahiro Yamamoto, Toshimasa Honna, Kaori UtsumiArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 82-85
Published: February 05, 2000
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Shingo Matsumoto, Noriharu Ae, Makoto YamagataArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 86-89
Published: February 05, 2000
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Hiroyuki Suzuki, Hiroshi Kumagai, Norio Nogawa, Hiromitsu Matsuoka, Ku ...Article type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 90-93
Published: February 05, 2000
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Minoru Seki, Ryozou YamadaArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 94-96
Published: February 05, 2000
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Satoshi Nakatsu, Shuji Higashida, Masahiro YamagamiArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 97-100
Published: February 05, 2000
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Kazuhiko EgashiraArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 101-106
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Satoshi MatsumotoArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 107-112
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Kazunobu ToriyamaArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 113-117
Published: February 05, 2000
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Article type: Bibliography
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 118-125
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Article type: Appendix
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 126-
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Article type: Appendix
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 127-135
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Article type: Appendix
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 136-
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Article type: Index
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages 137-142
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Article type: Appendix
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages App2-
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Article type: Appendix
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages App3-
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Article type: Appendix
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages App4-
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Article type: Appendix
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages App5-
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Article type: Cover
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages Cover3-
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Article type: Cover
2000 Volume 71 Issue 1 Pages Cover4-
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