Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
Online ISSN : 2424-0583
Print ISSN : 0029-0610
Volume 25, Issue 6
Displaying 1-50 of 53 articles from this issue
  • Article type: Cover
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages Cover1-
    Published: March 31, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Article type: Cover
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages Cover2-
    Published: March 31, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages App1-
    Published: March 31, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Shuichi ISHIZAWA
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 237-240
    Published: March 31, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    The objective of this study is to examine the meaning of the classification in part I from the point of effectiveness to hosts. The results presented in this paper are those of green house experiments concerning pea, vetch, broad bean, red clover, sweet clover, lupine, and four varieties of soybean, and their respective strains of rhizobia. The strains grouped in the same position are equally effective to some hosts (e.g. pea, vetch; soybean "Izari"×type C), while unequally to others (e. g. broad bean, soybean "Chasengoku"). Similar phenomena are found between different types of rhizobial strains (e. g. "Izari", "Chasengoku"×types A and C). It is, therefore, necessary to modify the classification to a certain extent according to the kind of host. Further division of strains must be tried in the cases of the following combinations : Broad bean × pea bacteria, clover × clover bacteria, sweet clover × type B of alfalfa bacteria, soybean × type B of soybean bacteria. The possibility of such dividing is discussed. The type A of soybean bacteria which is considered typical as soybean organisms seems to be effective to any host used in this study. The classification of rhizobia apart from host does not seem meaningless when strain variation or host specificity is discussed.
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  • Shuichi ISHIZAWA
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 241-244
    Published: March 31, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Masao ITO, Katsuko INAMATSU
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 245-248
    Published: March 31, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    Au point vue de la dynamique du sol, le complexe absorbant joue un role, tres important. Le phenomene d' echange des bases contient des nombretux problemes. II faut donc envisager les conditions de reaction pour la determination de la capacite d'echange, ou les facteurs consernants sont comme suivants : proprietets des sols (pouvoir absorbant, teneur eu humus, structure cristalline d'argile etc), proprietes des reactifs employes, conditions experimentales (par exemple, mode operatoire-par lessivage ou par l'equilibre d'echange- pH, duree et temperature de l'attaque par reactif). Depuis longtemps, nombreuses methodes ont ete proposees pour determiner la capacite d'echange des bases du sol, cependant il y a lieu d'envisager conditions en temps d'application aux sols differents. Recemment, a l'aide de l' EDTA (versenate, trilon B), A. T. PERKINS a propose une methode pour cette determination. En ce qui concerne les comportements dynamiques des cations echangeables dans le sol, elle merit une attention speciale. Afin d'elucider quelques problemes indefinis dans son etude originale et essayer l'application aux sols japonais, nous avons fait les expeditions suivantes. Le procede d'apres PARKINS consist a traiter un echantillon de terre par la solution normale de l'acetate de magnesium ou calcium (pH = 7.0), puis, apres lavage par l'alcool, Mg^<++> ou Ca^<++> deja absorbes par l'echantillon sont mis en liberte par une solution de l'EDTA de titre connu en donnant Mg- ou Ca-EDTA. On determine la quantite de magnesium ou calcium fixe a la terre en titrant en retour la solution de l'EDTA. Cettes quantites exprimees en milliequivalents pour 100 grammes de terre correspondent a la capacite d'echange des bases. Dans cette operation, nous avons cherche la duree et la temperature de l'attaque par l'acetate et un peu modifie la prise d'essai pour titrage a l'EDTA. Generalement, duree et temperature de l'attaque par reactif influencent sur le pouvoir absorbant des sols. Comme donnes sur tableaux 2 et 3,nous avons obtenu les resultats fournant la tendance ou la capacite d'echange des bases, en particulier; aux, sols de cendres volcaniques avec haute teneur en humus (tableau 1) augmente remarquablement avec levee de la temperature pendant traitement (Tableau 3). A 20℃, la capacite arrive au plateau apres 15 heures de l'attaque (Tableau 2). Le procede modifie est comme suivant : Un poids de terre correspondant a lg de matiere seche est introduit dans un becher de 100 cc. On ajoute 50 cc de la solutioh normale de l' acetate (amenee a pH = 7.0 par l'acide acetique ou l'oxyde de magnesium ou calcium pulverise) pour donner la terre saturee de magnesium ou calcium. Apres 15 heures de 1' attaque-quelquefois agitee-l'echantillon est separe sur un filtre, lave dix fois par 10 cc de la solution de meme reactif, puis dix fois par 2 cc de 1'alcool. L'echantillon ainsi traite est encore introduit dans un becher par 1'eau distillee et attaque par un excess de l'EDTA M/lOO pendant 1 heure (quelquefois agite) pour mettre en liberte magnesium ou calcium absorbe comme sel de l'EDTA. Pour la raison indiquee ci-dessus, il est tres important et indispensable de savoir la temperature pendant l'attaque, particulierement pour les sols de cendress volcaniques au Japan (Tableau 1). I1 en resulte que, en cas de 1'operation au thermostat, les reactifs employes (acetate et alcool) doivent etre maintenu anterieurement a la temperature indiquee, pour eviter l'influence de la variation de temperature sur le pouvoir adsorbant. Le produit de l' attaque est introduit dans un ballon jauge de 200 ou 250 cc, sans qu'il soit necessaire de filtrer. L'EDTA libre est dose sur une partie aliquote de ce liquide

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  • Saburo ICHIMURA
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 249-252
    Published: March 31, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Yutaka KAMOSHITA
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 253-258
    Published: March 31, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    Prior to the completion of the survey of soil types of arable land, managed by Section of Soils and Fertilizers, Nat. Inst. Agr. Scis., General Map of Soil Types in Japan is here compiled by author as a reconnaissance work. The map is originally of a scale of 1 : 800000,and shows the distribution of soil types, including soil associations, 15 in total. (see Table 1) Morphological characters of these soil types are referred to Table 2,on the Table some types not mapped are also tabulated.
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  • Masao DEGUCHI, Yasusada OHTA, Yasuo TOMITA
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 259-262
    Published: March 31, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    We studied on the effect of liming on hardness of rice-grain and tenacity of rice stem, and obtained following results. (1) Hardness of grain increased by liming. And liming on the very young head-forming period was more effective than that on the other life stages (before or after that) of rice plant to increase hardness of grain. (2) The later the stage of liming, the greater the contents of CaO, reducing sugar and non-protein-N in the grain; but protein-N content as well as hardness of grain were greatest in very young head-forming period liming plot and the former was smallest in latest liming plot. (3) Stem tenacity of rice plant also increased by liming. Increase of CaO, cellulose contents and diameter of stem was correspondent to increase of tenacity, but crude ash and crude silica decreased slightly correspondent to that.
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  • Kyoichi KUMADA
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 263-267
    Published: March 31, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    Visible and ultraviolet absorption spectra were determined with the alkaline solutions of humic acids extracted by hot dilute alkali from soils and peats pretreated by 5% hydrochloric acid or not (among these humic acids the former was named SrL humic acids and the latter, L humic acids). The results are summarized as follows : 1. The shapes of absorption curves of these humic acids were very similar to those extracted by SIMON'S method, (Fig, 1〜4). The fact that humification degree of humic acids could be shown by their absorption spectra, was furthermore vertified by these results. 2. Light absorption of SrL humic acid, obtained from soil, was generally greater than that of L humic acid of the same soil; but in the case of wet paddy soils and peats, light absorption of L humic acid was greater than that of SrL humic acids (Table 1 and 3). 3. SrL humic acids were fractionated by Mg^<++> into two parts, flocculated and non-flocculated; and the absorption spectra of both parts were determined and compared with each other (Table 2).
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  • Junichi MASUI
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 268-272
    Published: March 31, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    1. Six samples with different colors and textures, were selected according to the depth in the soil derived from, granodiorite at Ogoe, Fukushima Prefecture. 2. After the collected materials in wet state were treated with 6% H_2O_2 in order to dissolve organic matters, they were dispersed in the NaOH solution with pH 8.5. These dispersed materials were separated in eight fractions by sedimentation method and centrifugation, and then the iron-hydroxide was removed from them by using TRUOG'S method. 3. The minerals of the sand fraction in these samples were quantitatively investigated under microscope. 4. From these results it was distinct that the soil was mainly composed of the weathering products, of granodiorite with small amounts of the volcanic ash of two pyroxene andesite transported from upper parts. 5. The weathering of the granodiorite in this district took place in hornblende, succeeding to biotite, oligoclase and orthoclase. The fact indicated that the environment rich in bases was formed at the early stage of the weathering. Such an environment at the early stage seemed to be similar to that formed from the weathering of basic rocks. 6. That condition seemed to disappear before long due to the vigorous leaching of bases from the soil. 7. It was distinct that the process of the weathering of parent rock was possibly controled by the properties of parent rock, the stability of essential minerals for weathering, and, on the other hand, by rainfall and topography.
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  • Shinobu YAMADA, Shoichi TAMURA, Masashi YAMANOUCHI
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 273-279
    Published: March 31, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    In this paper authors described the investigation of factors bearing upon freezing type of volcanogenous soil. (1) Air temperature is important factor affecting to the freezing type of soil, but it is difficult to determine the freezing type only by the air temperature, because it is also influenced by the other factors, for instance, amount of snow, soil water and etc. (2) Ealier the season of snow come and more the amount of snow fell; thinner the depth of soil layer freezed and less the injury affected to the soil and crops. (3) Correlation between erupted materials and freezing type are also resolved. Freezing type of volcanic ash shows the most evil form, but pumice shows no more injury affected for soil and crops by freezing. In a case of volcanic sand soil, influence by freezing are same as volcanic ash soil except for not so clearly distinguished. (4) Large quantity of soil water, large quantity of water capacity, strong capillarity, high ground water level, loose structure of soil are causes to form the injurious freezing type, because these are considered the suitable condition for lifting the soil water to surface from subsoil which are counted the most important factors to form the evil freezing type. (5) Constitution of soil profile are also connected with freezing type. Such constitution as surface soil is volcanic ash and subsoil is volcanic ash or volcanic sand, there observed the injurious freezing type, and even if surface soil is volcanic ash or volcanic sand, but subsoil is pumice, there observed slightly injurious freezing type. (6) Method of soil management before the freezing are also observed to connected with the freezing type, and such management as destructed the soil structure, for instance, ploughing the field after harvested the crops are accelerated to form the injurious freezing type.
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 279-
    Published: March 31, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 279-
    Published: March 31, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Takeo NAGATA, Keiichiro MATSUDA
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 280-282
    Published: March 31, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    Studies were made on cellulose decomposing powers with Yellow and Ando soils at lwatahara in Shizuoka prefecture. The evolution of CO_2 in cellulose decomposition was found to be stimulated by the additions of nitrogen and phosphorus, but not by potassium. And there was no correlation between the addition of calcium oxide to correct soil acidity and the power of soil to decompose cellulose. From the present experiment, it seemed that fungi will take an active part in cellulose decomposition in these acid soils. Soil inoculation increases the CO_2 evolutions of both nutriented and unnutriented soils. From this result, the strains of cellulose decomposing microorganisms seem to be poor in these soils.
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  • Takeo NAGATA, Keiichiro MATSUDA
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 282-284
    Published: March 31, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    Ammonification of pepton and urea which were added to Yellow and Ando soils were studied, and the results were as follows : The ammonia liberation in decomposition of pepton and urea were stimulated during a few days by the additions of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and inoculation of soil, but no marked difference was made after a week.
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  • Tsunetomo HAYASHI, Takeo NAGAI
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 285-290
    Published: March 31, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    For the purpose of looking into the nature of the humic acid components, made clear in the 1st report, A-type humic acids free from bitumen, were separated into three or four fractions by means of Al_2O_3 column, and an absorption spectrum was formed for each of these fractions. Then comparision was made of the shape and characteristic of the curves thus formed, and the curves, on the other hand, were compared with those of the artificial humic acid obtained from lignin. As the result, those components of different A-type humic acids which are in the same order seemed to be identical regardless of the kind of humic acid when the A-type humic acids are extracted from the same soil. However, when they are extracted from different soils, there is a considerable difference between their components even in the same order. Judging from the forms of the absorption curves of the fractions l, 2,3,and 4,the writers could assume the inclination that these components are getting into the process of their humification. In the case of black and humus volcanic ash soil, both similarity and dissimilarity were observed in the absorption curve of these components.
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 290-
    Published: March 31, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Nobuo UCHIYAMA, Yutaka ONIKURA
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 291-298
    Published: March 31, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    The contents of silica and alumina in a paddy soil dissolved by dilute solutions (2.0% and 0.5%) of Na_2CO_3 were investigated at several periods during one year. Marked decreases of both SiO_2 and Al_2O_3 which were considered to be in a gel-state occurred soon (about two weeks) after stagnation had started. The decrease may probably be interpreted to be a result of linking between SiO_2 and Al_2O_3 forming new clays. It is felt that an alteration of oxidation condition in soil into a reducing state by stagnation would induce rapidly such a tendency that soluble SiO_2 is gathered concentrately in clay-size fractions, especially in colloidal <0.6μ. After 17 days-stagnation, in 45 days in summer, the distinct increases of both SiO_2 and Al_2O_3 were observed. This may be interpretated that a weathering destruction of minerals already presented and / or newly-formed clays may have been accelerated under high temperature. However, there should be a much more supply of Al_2O_3 resulted from substitution of Al atoms in crystal lattices by Fe^<++> and Fe^<+++> produced in soil than SiO_2,because SiO_2/Al_2O_3 ratios became lower. From August to Octover, only SiO_2 decreased but Al_2O_3 showed some slight increases. We considered that these decreases of SiO_2 probably be resulted from alteration of SiO_2 itself into insoluble forms such as Quartz and / or cristobalite. After harvestry of paddy plants, it was appeared that mineral weathering did not proceed materialy when stagnation was continued uninterruptedly from Octover to February, although clay formation could occur to some extent. However, in Spring, from February to June weathering of minerals proceeded even under stagnation. When soil was drained in Autumn, minerals weathered not only from Octover to February, but also, even more excessively, from February to June. Under freely drained condition. SiO_2-gels formed by intensive weathering could be leached out almost completely, but Al_2O_3 accumulated more and more. Such an abundance of Al_2O_3 gels and a poverty of SiO_2 gels in soils led a soil to much more unfovarable one posessing a lower SiO_2/ Al_2O_3 ratio of clays than that of the preceeding year. Furthermore, it was possible to expect such a condition that paddy plants in the following year would inevitably suffer from a more severe deficiency of SiO_2 at an early stage of growing soon after stagnation. From these investigations, the writers wish to emphasize an importance of a degree of drainage in paddy soils during no-planting period as much as a position of ground-water-level in soil profiles and an easiness of capillary rise of water, because the former will determine a loss rate of SiO_2 by leaching and the latter influences a rate of recovery or enrichment of SiO_2 in a surface layer by resilication.
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  • Shigeo UEKI, Toshihiko KAKIZAKI
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 299-302
    Published: March 31, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    Heating the granular calcium cyanamide at 150℃, we measured the expansion of it and got results as follows : - 1. During the heating process, almost all calcium oxide is slaked and great expansion is observed. 2. About 10 minutes after the beginning of heating, maximum of volume is observed. 3. The granular calcium : cyanamide which was subjected to heating 30 minutes at 150℃ contains very little calcium oxide. 4. As for the granular calcium cyanamide manufactured by the wet process, there is very little possibility of collapse which is caused by hydration of unslaked calcium oxide.
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  • Minoru IKEDA, Isamu HARADA
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 303-304
    Published: March 31, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    Moisture equivalent is increased by the increasing addition of Krillium to soil. While evaporation ratio of soil is decreased by Krillium applied more than 0.05%. Dispersion ratio and also colloid content of soil are decreased by Krillium, applied in an in creasing amount; and the more Krillium soil, the less the colloid content.
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 305-
    Published: March 31, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 305-
    Published: March 31, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 305-306
    Published: March 31, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 306-
    Published: March 31, 1955
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 306-
    Published: March 31, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 306-
    Published: March 31, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 307-
    Published: March 31, 1955
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 307-
    Published: March 31, 1955
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 307-
    Published: March 31, 1955
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 307-308
    Published: March 31, 1955
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 308-
    Published: March 31, 1955
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 308-
    Published: March 31, 1955
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 308-
    Published: March 31, 1955
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 308-309
    Published: March 31, 1955
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    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 309-
    Published: March 31, 1955
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    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 309-
    Published: March 31, 1955
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    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 309-310
    Published: March 31, 1955
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    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 310-
    Published: March 31, 1955
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    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 310-
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    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 310-
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    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 310-311
    Published: March 31, 1955
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 311-
    Published: March 31, 1955
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    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 311-
    Published: March 31, 1955
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 311-
    Published: March 31, 1955
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 311-
    Published: March 31, 1955
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 312-
    Published: March 31, 1955
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 312-
    Published: March 31, 1955
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 312-
    Published: March 31, 1955
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 25 Issue 6 Pages 312-
    Published: March 31, 1955
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