Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1999 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages Cover1-
Published: August 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.70.4_Cover1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1999 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages Cover2-
Published: August 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.70.4_Cover2

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1999 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages App1-
Published: August 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.70.4_App1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages I-II
Published: August 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.70.4_I

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Effect of Mulching with Coffee Residue on the Growth of Soybean and Following Crops Using Soil Fertilized with Coffee Residue after Soybean Cultivation : Study on Agricultural Utilization of Coffee Residue (Part 2)

Makoto Kitou, Satoko Okuno

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages 495-504
Published: August 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.70.4_495

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Investigations were made on the growth of komatsuna and Italian ryegrass under fertilization with coffee residue after soybean cultivation under mulching with coffee residue. 1) Growth and yield of soybean were increased by mulching with 95 Mg ha^<-1> of coffee residue in order to enhance the mulching effect and improve Mg nutrition. 2) Top growth of komatsuna was severely inhibited by the incorporation of 47.5 Mg ha^<-1> and 95 Mg ha^<-1> of coffee residue after the harvesting of soybean. Top growth of Italian ryegrass was not affected by the incorporation of 47.5 Mg ha^<-1> of coffee residue after the harvesting of komatsuna. However, growth was remarkably decreased with the incorporation of 95 Mg ha^<-1> of coffee residue. 3) The contents of inorganic nitrogen, available phosphate and exchangeable cation were higher in soil supplemented with coffee residue had been applied as compared to non-application control soil, except for the content of inorganic nitrogen in the soil supplemented with coffee residue at the time of komatsuna sowing. The content of available nitrogen in the soil increased with the increased application of coffee residue at all sampling times. Therefore, the decrease in top growth of komatsuna and Italian ryegrass was not only due to immobilization of the soil nitrogen when the soil was supplemented with coffee residue. 4) The number and biomass of weeds decreased as the amount of coffee residue supplemented increased.

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The Influence of Acidic Deposition on the Forest Ecosystem and Base Cation Cycling in the Deciduous Broad-Leaved Forest of an Andic Regosol

Yukio Hosobuchi, Ryusuke Hatano

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages 505-513
Published: August 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.70.4_505

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We investigated the influence of acidic deposition on the forest ecosystem, and base cation cycling related to exchangeable reaction with acid and soil development in a deciduous broad leaved forest of an Andic Regosol in Tomakomai, Hokkaido, Japan. The investigation period was one year from August 1996 to July 1997. The mean pH value of precipitation was 4.13, and it was acid rain. As the water moved through the forest ecosystem, its pH increased. The mean pH value of the streamwater was 7.04. In the summer season, throughfall pH increased with increase of K^+ concentration, while in the winter season, throughfall pH became acidic and similar to the precipitation pH. However, the pH of water percolating through the O horizon was maintained at around 6 all year round. This result showed that the O horizon has sufficient acid neutralization capacity. The concentration of Na^+, Ca^<2+> and HCO_3^- in the streamwater was much higher than that in the C horizon. The HCO_3^-, produced in the deeper horizon, was considered to have a great influence on soil development and streamwater quality. Base cation cycling in the forest ecosystem clearly showed that biogeochemical cycling, which consists of plant uptake, litterfall, throughfall and stemflow flux, was larger than geochemical cycling, which consists of atmospheric deposition and discharge from the rooting zone. In biogeochemical cycling, the acid supplied to the forest ecosystem from the atmosphere was fully neutralized at the canopy by K^+ dissolution and in the O horizon. Proton load in the atmospheric deposition was 0.56 kmol_c ha^<-1> y^<-1>, but only 0.17 kmol_c ha^<-1> y^<-1> was transported into the soil after passing through the canopy, and only a very light proton load of 0.011 kmol_c ha^<-1> y^<-1> occurred from the rooting zone. Proton load from the rooting zone decreased to below 1/70 compared to that in atmospheric deposition. The acid neutralization in the forest ecosystem was formed by base cation leaching from plants and base cation exchange in the soil, and it should be strongly suggested that the acid neutralizing mechanism has an influence on soil-plant interaction.

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Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization and Pre-Harvest Rainfall on Grain Quality of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Satoshi Nakatsu, Yuji Watanabe, Satoru Okumura

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages 514-520
Published: August 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.70.4_514

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The effects of nitrogen fertilizer and pre-harvest rainfall on wheat quality (protein content in grain, flour viscosity measured by a Brabender amylograph and brightness of flour) were studied in two winter wheat varieties, Chihokukomugi and Hokusin, grown in Hokkaido Prefecture. Pre-harvest sprouting, mainly triggered by pre-harvest rainfall, activated α-amylase in the grain, lowered flour viscosity and degraded flour brightness (L^*). Incidence of pre-harvest sprouting increased after 10 d post-maturity because the level of grain dormancy declined over time. Therefore, early harvest after maturity is recommended for producing wheat grains with high quality. A varietal difference in pre-harvest sprouting tolerance was examined between Chihokukomugi and Hokusin. Hokusin was more tolerate to pre-harvest sprouting than Chihokukomugi because of lower α-amylase activity, for which Hokusin had a characteristics of higher viscosity as compared to Chihokukomugi. Tolerance to pre-harvest sprouting also affected flour brightness; Hokusin with fewer sprouting grains exhibited higher flour brightness than Chihokukomugi. Thus, the pre-harvest sprouting tolerance was effective to prevent the degradation of flour brightness. A top dressing of nitrogen fertilizer increased protein content in the grain; however, a negative correlation was observed between protein content and flour brightness. Especially, values of flour brightness decreased sharply when protein content in the grain became more than 110 mg g^<-1>.

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Effects of Thallium in Water Culture Solution on the Growth, and the Thallium Content of 3 Kinds of Seedlings

Teruo Asami, Chizuru Mizui, Naoko Nogami, Masatsugu Kubota

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages 521-526
Published: August 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.70.4_521

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The effects of Tl (I) on the growth, and the Tl content of the seedlings of komatsuna (Brassica campestris L.), soybean (Glycine max L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) were examined in water culture solutions containing 0, 1, 5 and 10 μmol L^<-1> Tl (I) for 15 d. The results were as follows: 1) The degree of inhibition on the growth of shoot and root was in the order of komatsuna <soybean < corn. The growth rates of komatsuna, soybean and corn in 1 μmol L^<-1> plots were 84, 42 and 13% of the control, respectively. 2) Much Tl was absorbed by the seedlings and a large amount of Tl was translocated from the roots to the shoots. About 85% of the Tl absorbed by komatsuna was contained in the shoot (edible part). In soybean and corn, about 50-70% of the absorbed Tl was also contained in the shoots. 3) Tl concentrations in shoots which inhibited 50% of the growth were 600-700 mg kg^<-1> DW in komatsuna and several tens of milligrams kg^<-1> DW in both soybean and corn. 4) The allowable concentration for soil is 1 mg kg^<-1> ADW (air-dry weight), and that for foods is 0.1 mg kg^<-1> FW in Germany. Acceptable daily intake (ADI) has been proposed as 37, 15.4 or 14 μg d^<-1>. Since these figures are very low, it is important not to increase the concentration of Tl in soils and foods.

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Effects of Thallium in Soil on the Growth and Thallium Content of Komatsuna (Brassica campestris L.)

Teruo Asami, Takamasa Miura, Yumiko Nakajima, Chizuru Mizui, Ryuichi S ...

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages 527-532
Published: August 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.70.4_527

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Since Tl is toxic for various organisms including humans and Brassica plants have a high concentration of Tl, the uptake of Tl by komatsuna from soil was investigated by pot experiment for 28 d. Tl was added at 0, 5, 10 and 20 mg kg^<-1> DW to soil which contained 0.448 mg Tl kg^<-1> DW. 1) Chlorosis was only observed on the leaves of the 20 mg kg^<-1> DW plot. 2) Yield (FW) of the shoot was nearly the same in 0, 5 and 10 mg kg^<-1> DW plots, and decreased 51% in the 20 mg kg^<-1> DW plot. Yield (DW) of the shoot in the 20 mg kg^<-1> plot was only 43% of the 0 mg kg^<-1> DW plot. 3) Tl content was 0.38 mg kg^<-1> DW in the shoots of the 0 mg kg^<-1> DW plot, and increased much by the addition of Tl. The shoots in the 20 mg kg^<-1> DW plot contained 163 mg Tl kg^<-1> DW. Some 96-99% of the absorbed Tl was translocated to the shoots. Concentration factors (CF: ratio between the content of element in plant tissue and its content in soil, calculated by a dry-Weight basis) in the 0, 5, 10 and 20 mg kg^<-1> DW plots were 0.8, 4.8, 5.7 and 8.0, respectively. 4) Tl content of the shoots in the 0 mg kg^<-1> DW plot was 0.028 mg kg^<-1> FW, which is about one-fourth of the maximum Tl content allowed in food regulated in Germany (0.1 mg kg^<-1> FW). 5 ) When Tl content in the shoots was about 150 mg kg^<-1> DW, the yield of the shoots (DW) decreased by 50%.

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Influence of Different Types of Fertilizers on δ^<15>N Values of Crops, Leached Water (Nitrate) and Soils in Lysimeters with Three Soils

Hiroshi Yamada, Akio Morita, Tadakatsu Yoneyama

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages 533-541
Published: August 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.70.4_533

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Three soils (light-colored Andosol, gray lowland soil and high-humic Andosol) were placed in 1 m lysimeters. Several types of fertilizers including high-analysis mixed fertilizer, slow-releasing fertilizers, cow manure, and rapeseed meal were applied to each soil, and onion and radish were cultivated. N content and δ^<15>N (natural ^<15>N abundance) in the crops, nitrate leached from a 1 m depth and plow-layer soils were analyzed by an ANCA-SL mass spectrometer. N accumulation by onion was superior in light-colored Andosol, but in contrast, that by radish was the largest in high-humic Andosol. The application of cow manure to the soils increased the amount of leached nitrate compared to the application of chemical fertilizers. Except for a few cases, the δ^<15>N values of onion and radish strongly reflected those of applied fertilizers in light-colored Andosol and gray lowland soil, while the δ^<15>N values of those crops grown in high-humic Andosol showed a small influence by fertilizers. In light-colored Andosol, the δ^<15>N values of leached nitrate were much higher than those of the applied fertilizers, while the δ^<15>N values of the soil were changed by fertilizers. An influence of fertilizer δ^<15>N values on soil δ^<15>N values was observed in the gray lowland soil, although the soil δ^<15>N values were higher than those of the chemical fertilizers. In this soil, the δ^<15>N values of leached nitrate were very close to those of the applied fertilizers. In high-humic Andosol, whose N contents were high, the influence of fertilizers was not observed on the soil δ^<15>N values, while the δ^<15>N values of the crops were close to those of the leached nitrate.

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Recovery of Nitrifying Bacteria after Sterilization and the Method of Nitrogen Application to Decrease Blossom End Rot of Tomatoes Grown in Isolated Bed

Hiromasa Morikuni, Seiichi Niizuma, Nagao Shimada

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages 542-549
Published: August 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.70.4_542

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We studied the recovery of ammonium- and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in isolated beds, and the change of inorganic nitrogen in the media in relation to the blossom end rot of tomatoes. 1) Three samples of bark compost obtained in the market were examined for nitrifying bacteria. Ammonium- and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria were 10^6-10^7 g^<-1> and 10^5-10^6 g^<-1>, respectively, in all samples. 2) The application of bark compost at a rate of 0.523 kg m^<-2> was effective in increasing the number of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in the media. The population was 10^5 to 10^6 g^<-1> at a week after the application of unsteamed bark compost and was maintained thereafter. 3) Aeration by tillage did not promote the recovery of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria. 4) The recovery of nitrification was somewhat delayed as compared to that of the ammonium-oxidizing bacteria. The lower pH of the media enhanced the delay of nitrification. 5) Blossom end rot of tomatoes was often marked in isolated bed cultures. In the media Where nitrification had been delayed, remaining ammonium was likely to induce a Ca-related disorder. 6) Tomatoes were cultivated in the media supplemented with ammonium sulfate or rapeseed meal after media sterilization. The incidence of blossom end rot with rapeseed meal was lower than that with ammonium sulfate. 7) Since nitrification was often delayed in the media which were supplemented with ammo nium sulfate, the application of nitrate N was recommended together with bark compost.

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Alteration in Organic Acid Metabolism of Phosphate Deficient Alfalfa Plants

Eiji Takita, Hiroyuki Koyama, Ichiro Okumura, Tetsuo Hara

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages 550-553
Published: August 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.70.4_550

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Simple Visual Detection of Al-Tolerance Level in Plant Root by Decoloring the Filterpaper Stained by Hematoxylin : Study Using the Root of Carrot Seedling

Takashi Takahashi, Katsunori Sasaki, Motoko Watanabe, Kunihiko Ojima, ...

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages 554-557
Published: August 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.70.4_554

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C-Shaped Response of Growth to Sulfate S in Rice Plant

Junichi Yamaguchi

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages 558-561
Published: August 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.70.4_558

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Effect of Variety Difference and Growth Stage on Nitrate Nitrogen Concentration of Corn

Hisatomi Harada, Yoshihito Sunaga, Tetsuya Hatanaka

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages 562-566
Published: August 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.70.4_562

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Method of Economical and Low Input Fertilizer Application for Tea Plant Using Coated Urea

Toshiyuki Kaji, Mitsuaki Karasuyama, Koji Uchimura

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages 567-570
Published: August 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.70.4_567

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Research Strategy in Solving Problems on Extending the Nitrogen Fixation Ability to Major Nonleguminous Plants. : 3. Researches in the Early Stage of Nodule Formation

Hiroshi Oyaizu, Satoshi Shibata, Norihito Kanamori

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages 571-580
Published: August 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.70.4_571

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Remediation on Soils Contaminated with Toxic Organic Chemicals. : 2. Bioremediation Technologies on TCE Contaminated Environment

Osami Yagi

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages 581-587
Published: August 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.70.4_581

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Recent International Trends on Desertification-Control Measures (Part 1)

Satoshi Matsumoto

Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages 588-591
Published: August 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.70.4_588

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Bibliography
1999 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages 592-600
Published: August 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.70.4_592

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1999 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages 601-
Published: August 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.70.4_601

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1999 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages 602-
Published: August 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.70.4_602

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1999 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages 603-
Published: August 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.70.4_603

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1999 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages _1_-_6_
Published: August 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.70.4__1_

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1999 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages App2-
Published: August 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.70.4_App2

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1999 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages App3-
Published: August 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.70.4_App3

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1999 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages App4-
Published: August 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.70.4_App4

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1999 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages Cover3-
Published: August 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.70.4_Cover3

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1999 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages Cover4-
Published: August 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.70.4_Cover4

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