Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
Online ISSN : 2424-0583
Print ISSN : 0029-0610
Volume 26, Issue 8
Displaying 1-50 of 54 articles from this issue
  • Article type: Cover
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages Cover1-
    Published: December 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Article type: Cover
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages Cover2-
    Published: December 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages App1-
    Published: December 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Kyoichi KUMADA
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 287-290
    Published: December 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    The base exchange capacity, the content of hydrolyzable nitrogen and the amount of permanganate consumption of humic acid were determined and compared each other in relation to its degree of humification. The results were summarized as follows : 1. The base exchange capacity of soil humic acid was 300 to 850 m.e. per 100g of water- and ash free substance, and increased with the advance of the humification degree. 2. The consumption of N/10 permanganate solution per 1 mg. of soil humic acid in acid condition after SIMON'S method was about 1.5cc, but somewhat higher in the case of humic acids, which had extremely high or low degree of humification. The consumption of permanganate solution by soil humic acids in alkaline condition was smaller than that in acid condition, and decreased with the progress of humification. 3. The ratio of the amount of hydrolyzable nitrogen to the amount of total nitrogen in humic acid seemed to decrease during the humification process. 4. The base exchange capacity of humic acid prepared from hydroquinone was very high (about 900 m. e.), and that of the one from glucose was low (about 300 m. e. ). The exchange capacity of the artificial humic acid containing nitrogen was very small compared with that of the nitrogen free one. 5. Stability against oxidizing reagents in artificial humic acid were smaller than in soil humic acids. According to these experimental results, it may be reasonable to suppose that, with the progress of humification, the base exchange capacity and the stability of humic acid to oxidative action increase, and the nitrogen contained in it becomes fixed more and more concretely. There may exist some essential differences between the structure of soil humic acid and that of artificial humic acid.
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  • Kanichi OTA, Hiroyasu KASHIWAGI
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 291-294
    Published: December 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    In this paper the authors investigated the transition of the soil water, according to the difference of the soil structure, in the Hino-soils from the fields where the cultivation, were made with grass or without grass. The experiments were concerned in PF : of PF, 1.0〜4. 5 and 1.0〜3.0 were measured by the direct method using the manometer and the BUCHNER funnel; 3.0〜4. 2 by the method of fleezing point decrease; and 4. 2〜4. 5 by the gas adsorption apparatus. The results were summarized as follows; 1) Soils from field with grass (Fig.) : On the top-soil (2nd-layer), the PF-water content curve had the shape of wave; that is, soil water, corresponding to the gravitational water, decreased rapidly from PF 1.6 to PF 2.0; but, it decreased very slightly between PF 2.0 and PF 2.7,very rapidly from PF 2.7 to PF 3.2 and then the rate of decrease was slow between PF 3. 2. and PF 4.5. These phenomena were considered to be due to the specific quality of the aggregated soils; and the water that was most effectively absorbed the plant root was contained very much in these soils. But on the top-soil (1st-layer) and the sub-soil, the PF-water content curves were monotonic through all ranges from the gravitational water to the capillary water, owing to the results that the structure was of single grain and also the water holding capacity was little. 2) Soils from the field without grass (Fig.) : The PF water content curves were monotonic, both of the top-soil and the sub-soil, the gravitational water between PF l.6 and PF 2.0,and the capillary water between PF 2.7 and PF 3.2 were less than that of the top-soil (2nd-1ayer) of the soils from the field with grass. It seemed in spite of the good chemical properties, the top-soil was expected to have a single grain's structure, so that it caused the bad condition of the soi1 or water supply to plant root. 3) Soils from uncultivated field (Fig.) : of the top-soil (2nd-layer), the PF-water content curve was resemble to that of the top-soil (2nd-layer) of the soils, from the field with grass. The structure of this soil was better than that of the top-soil of the soils from the field without grass.
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  • Akio FUJIWARA, Kunihiko OJIMA
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 295-298
    Published: December 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    Fundamental experiments for the tissue culture of excised root tips of wheat and rice plant in liquid medium were made with concern to the environmetal conditions and some medium constituents. The results obtained may be summarized as follows : 1. Among the three vitamins tested as growth substances, thiamin and pyridoxine accelerated the growth of excised rice plant roots and in the case of wheat roots pyridoxine was most effective. Isolated plants roots attached with their scutellum elongated much longer than these without the scutellum, and to the growth of the former, vitamin supplements in the media seemed to have no influence. 2. As the carbohydrate source in the medium, both glucose and sucrose had almost the same effects on the isolated rice plant roots, and by the cocentraion of 0.1 Mol and 0.2 Mol respectively the best results were obtained. On the other hand, for wheat roots glucose was more effective and the most suitable concentration was 0.1 Mol. 3. The optima of H-ion cocentration of the medium were at about pH 5. 0 for wheat and about pH 5,5 for rice plant roots. 4. The optimum temperature for growth of the isolated rice plant roots was found at 25℃, while for wheat roots at 20℃. Continuous illumination by fluorescent lamps gave injurious effects on the growth of roots and these roots became shorter and more branched than in the dark. 5. Relatively large volumes of medium in culture vessels such as 50 ml or 30 ml in 100 ml flasks, depressed the elongation of the root tips probably due to the lack of aeration, and 15 or 20 ml was chosen as the medium volume in our cultures. The details of this research is published in English on Tohoku Journal of Agricultural Research, 5,47 (1954), c/o Faculty of Agr. Tohoku University, Sendai.
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 298-
    Published: December 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Azumi OTA, Satoshi IDE
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 299-302
    Published: December 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    Of 6 applied soil, tendencies were as follows : (1) Production of mulberry leaves (Morus alba), from each fertilized plot, was various according to the kind of soils. With an increasing supply of N the production was more increased, but the supply of P_2O_5 alone did not increase the production of K_2O, the same tendency was, when it was applied alone in increasing amount. (2) N and P_2O_5 had to be applied in proper in order to increase the production of mulberry leaves. K_2O seemed to have the same tendency. We came to the decision that the fertilization of mulberry tree has to be schemed depending upon the suitable ratio of P_2O_5 or K_2O to basal applied N.
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 302-
    Published: December 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 302-
    Published: December 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Ishio TAMACHI, Takeo MOCHIZUKI, Satoshi HANADA
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 303-308
    Published: December 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    The authors surveyed the apple orchards on hillsides in Aomori Prefecture, for the purpose to research the relationship between the occurrences of apple trees and their soil conditions, under such assumption that this root-rot disease may be induced by failing of tree vigour. From the results obtained, it became apparent that the occurrences of this disease were closely related to their soil conditions, and especially that the effective depth of soil profile was a limiting factor for the maintenance of tree vigour. Within the area of this survey the results are summarized as follows : (1) Areas of the most abundant occurrences and the severest injuries of this disease are in regions of volcanogenous soil. But the disease occurs moderately even in shale-weathered soil where its surface soil is eroded. (2) Volcanogenous soil is rich in N/2 acetic acid soluble aluminum in any case and markedly so in the subsoil. (3) Though the effective depth of ordinary soil is decided principally by the physical properties, but in volcanogenous soil the large amounts of easily soluble aluminum in the subsoil is a more important factor for the determination of the effective soil depth, and this is probably the greatest important factor in the most abundant occurrences of Mompadisease in these regions.
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  • Michihiko YATAZAWA, Takashi ISHIHARA
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 309-310
    Published: December 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Yoshiaki ISHIZUKA, Akira TANAKA
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 311-317
    Published: December 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    In the case of reclamation of peat land for the purpose of utilization as upland field, drainage and acid neutralization are the most important practices. On the other hand, for the purpose of utilization of peat land as paddy field for rice cultivation, the practice of soil putting (which means to put the mineral soil on the surface of peat soil about 10cm in thickness) is important, next to drainage. This practice was taught by experience, because good rice yield has been obtained in the case of peat land covered with mineral soil by inundation of river. So, the authors intended to make clear the meaning of soil putting from the standpoint of soil science and plant nutrition. Three experimental fields were prepared, viz., peat soil, mineral soil and peat soil with mineral soil putting, in Bibai, Hokkaido. First authors compared the growth of rice plant in each plot as described in Table 12,subdividing each plot into 4 small plots, complete fertilizer, no nitrogen, no phosphorus and no potassium, respectively. From the above Table it will be clear, that in the case of peat soil the yields of ear are in the following order : no nitrogen<no potassium<no phosphorus<complete; while in the case of peat soil put by mineral soil the order is : no potassium<no phosphorus<no nitrogen<complete. Moreover, in the case of soil putting, no-nitrogen plot gave the same yield as complete-fertilizer plot. These phenomena seem to be due, as stated in the 1st report, to the fact that in the case of peat soil, the seasonal change of available nitrogen does not cope with the demands of rice plant for nitrogen, so the rice plant suffers from a disturbance in its normal growth. But, as the result of soil putting, soil temperature increases markedly, and the decomposition proceeds comparatively quickly in early stage and liberates available ammonia comparatively early before the formation of flower primordia of rice plant. So, even in the case of no-nitrogen plot, a great yield was produced comparatively to that of the complete-fertilizer plot. In the case of no-potassium, the yield is very low even in the case of soil putting. The peat soil contains a very small amount of potassium and at the same time is low in the power to fix it. Among the elements derived from the mineral soil which was put on the peat soil, only silicic acid exerted a beneficial effect directly on the growth of rice plant. So, the meaning of soil putting will be summarized as follows : 1. It increases volume weight of soil. 2. It increases soil temperature quickly. 3. So, the decomposition proceeds quickly and liberates available nitrogen at the period just suitable for the growth of rice plants. 4. It supplies silicic acid to the rice plant and increases the strength of the plant. 5. It supplies no potassium, but increases the power of soil to absorb potassium and protects soil from loss by drainage. 6. It precipitates active iron and aluminium and increases the activity of phosphoric acid.
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  • Nobuo UCHIYAMA, Yutaka ONIKURA
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 318-322
    Published: December 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    The colloidal clays (<0.15μ) separated from acidic paddy soil by centrifuging are investigated by chemical analysis, differential thermal analysis , and X-ray diffraction methods. The clays contain very small amounts of MgO, CaO, and K_2O (<1%). C. E. C. is 74.5 m. e. /100 g. SiO_2/R_2O_3=2.28. The sharpe and large endothermic peaks occur at 145℃ and 540℃. According to the results of X-ray diffraction experiments it is considered that the clays contain no-trioct-layer mineerals of mica, chlorite or vermiculite and composed largely from several kinds of expanding and non-expanding dioct-layer 2 : 1 lattice type mixed-layer minerals with large basal reflections. Auther considers that they may be contracted by contraction of Al-gibbsite-like layer between two unit minerals of those which having basal spacings of 9.7,10.0,12.4,13.7 Å and that they would be formed as a secondary products in a course of the paddy soil forming process.
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 322-
    Published: December 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 322-
    Published: December 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Hideo OKAJIMA, Seiichi TAKAGI
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 323-328
    Published: December 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    The inhibitory effects of hydrogen sulfide on the respiration of rice plant roots were investigated using WARBURG'S manometory technique. (1) Hydrogen sulfide inhibited not only aerobic respiration but anaerobic respiration process of roots. (2) Inhibitory action of hydrogen sulfide and potassium cyanide on the respiration were apparently reversible, but the style of recovery reaction from inhibition was somewhat different in each case. (3) Oxygen consumption of roots were very highly increased by addition of ammonium salts, but the same effects were not recognized by the addition of any other salt examined (except nitrate salts). (4) There was close relationship between respiration of roots and assimilation of nitrogen by roots. (5) The increased oxygen uptake by addition of ammonium salt was also inhibited by hydrogen sulfide. The reactivation of this reaction occurred with the recovery of endogenous respiration of roots.
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 328-
    Published: December 05, 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 329-
    Published: December 05, 1955
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    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 329-
    Published: December 05, 1955
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 329-
    Published: December 05, 1955
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    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 329-330
    Published: December 05, 1955
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    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 330-
    Published: December 05, 1955
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    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 330-
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    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 330-
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    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 330-331
    Published: December 05, 1955
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    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 331-
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    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 331-
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    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 331-
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    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 331-332
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    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 332-
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    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 332-
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    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 332-
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    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 333-
    Published: December 05, 1955
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    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 333-
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    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 333-
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    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 333-334
    Published: December 05, 1955
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    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 334-
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    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 334-
    Published: December 05, 1955
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    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 334-
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    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 334-335
    Published: December 05, 1955
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    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 335-
    Published: December 05, 1955
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    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 335-
    Published: December 05, 1955
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    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 335-336
    Published: December 05, 1955
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    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 336-
    Published: December 05, 1955
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    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 336-
    Published: December 05, 1955
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    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 336-337
    Published: December 05, 1955
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 337-
    Published: December 05, 1955
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 337-
    Published: December 05, 1955
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1955 Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 337-
    Published: December 05, 1955
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