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Predecessor
Volume 72, Issue 4
Displaying 1-35 of 35 articles from this issue
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Article type: Cover
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages Cover1-
Published: August 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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Article type: Cover
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages Cover2-
Published: August 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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Article type: Appendix
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages App1-
Published: August 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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Masanori YOSHIDA, Shinsuke FUJIHARAArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages 475-483
Published: August 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe examined the influences of agricultural land uses on water qualities and chemical loads of some drainage canals and a river in a catchment in Kagawa Prefecture, Shikoku, Japan. The results were as follows ; (1) The types of land use affect chemical loads and water qualities in different ways. (2) Nitrogen highly affects the river water in an area, including tea fields and landfill. (3) Forage fields are mainly responsible for soluble phosphorus and organic substance (estimated from COD) loads. (4) Wastewater drained from the landfill contained a high amount of NH_4-N, which affected nitrogen loads more than the amount of NO_3-N drained from the tea fields.View full abstractDownload PDF (1126K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages 483-
Published: August 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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Takashi AKIYAMA, Yasuko YAO, Seiichi MATSUNOArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages 484-488
Published: August 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA study was made by chemical, X-ray diffraction and electron-microscopic methods of analysis to clarify the chemical composition, formation condition and citric-, water- and 1/2 M-hydrochloric acid-solubilities of an unknown major compound present in fused potassium silicate fertilizer, which had been produced by the reaction of potassium carbonate with the slag obtained during desiliconization of hot metal or molten pig-iron at 1400℃. It was found in the present study that the major compound of the fertilizer was K_2Ca_2Si_2O_7 of tetragonal system with lattice constants of a=0.8784nm and c=0.6961nm. The silicate was easily formed at 1100-1150℃ ; lower temperatures than 1050℃ brought out insufficient reaction to form a mixture of the silicate, K_2SiO_3 and β-Ca_2SiO_4-A part of potassium in the silicate started to be volatilized at 1161℃, and its amount volatilized increased to 0.45% at 1200℃ and 2.23% at 1300℃, respectively, resulting in forming a portion of CaSiO_3. The citric- and water-solubilities of potassium (C-K_2O/T-K_2O and W-K_2O/T-K_2O) in the silicate was 98.4% and 9.9%, respectively, and 1/2 M-hydrochloric acid-solubility of silica (S-SiO_2/T-SiO_2) in the compound was 49.3%.View full abstractDownload PDF (796K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages 488-
Published: August 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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Hiromasa MORIKUNI, Nagao SHIMADAArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages 489-498
Published: August 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTomato plants were grown on uncultivated soil packed in boxes, and the influence of three factors, nitrogen sources, N application rates and soil moisture, on the incidence of blossom end rot (BER), a Ca-related disorder, was investigated. An experiment was also conducted at an isolated bed after the sterilization of the media, and the effect of nitrate N application on the BER and the calcium concentration in petiole sap was examined. 1) In the box culture experiment, the BER was affected in the order : soil moisture > nitrogen sources > N application rates. 2) Close relationship was observed between the incidence of BER and the ammonium concentration in soil solution. In the soil where nitrification had been delayed, the unnitrified ammonium was likely to suppress calcium absorption and induce the BER. 3) In the isolated bed culture experiment, when only nitrate nitrogen was applied, the BER was decreased and the influence of soil moisture on the incidence was also decreased. The application of nitrate N instead of ammonium was effective in decreasing the BER. 4) A relationship was clearly observed between the incidence of the BER and calcium concentration in petiole sap from the leaf near the trusses, just after blooming. When the calcium concentration became below 200 mg L^<-1>, the BER was more likely to occur. It is now possible to predict the incidence by determining calcium concentration in the petiole sap was suggested.View full abstractDownload PDF (1184K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages 498-
Published: August 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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Yasuhiro NAKANISHIArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages 499-504
Published: August 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn Miyako Island, Okinawa, the actual situation of fertilizing sugarcane was examined in 1998 and 2000,and the concentrations of inorganic nitrogen in groundwater taken from the Nogusuku spring were surveyed from 1994 to 1999. The correlation between the fertilizing and the nitrate concentration was analyzed. The amount of fertilizer nitrogen for sugarcane cultivation was researched to be 203 kg ha^<-1> which was not much in comparison with the suggested amount (240 kg ha^<-1> by the prefecture. However, the fertilizing period was concentrated in a very short term in the beginning of the cultivation, i.e., from mid -October to late December. Most fertilizers used by the farmers were quick-acting. The concentration of nitrate in groundwater had the negative correlation with the amount of rainfall, and the tendency changed from downward to upward in October every research year. According to the results, it is showed that the concentrated fertilizing quickly influences the quality of groundwater and makes the concentration of nitrate higher just after the fertilizing period every year.View full abstractDownload PDF (778K) -
Akimasa NAKANO, Yoichi UEHARA, Akira YAMAUCHIArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages 505-512
Published: August 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe attempted to establish an organic fertigation system by suing corn steep liquor (CSL) as liquid fertilizer, instead of the usual inorganic fertilizer. CSL is a byproduct of corn starch manufacturing. It is a viscous liquid and contains about 3% each of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O. We found that CSL had to be diluted less than 4 times to prevent decay and the irrigation tube had to be rinsed just after nutrient liquid application by rinsing through an egual amount of tap water to keep the irrigation tube clean. By using this organic fertigation system, we conducted a cultivation experiment for practical use and compared it with the same system using inorganic liquid fertilizer and with the conventional method. This system worked during the experiment without trouble. Height, stem diameter and chlorophyll content of plants grown with the organic fertigation system were the lowest among the three cultivation methods. Leaf area and photosynthetic activity were higher when grown with the organic fertigation system as compared with the other systems, especially for the higher leaves. Greater leaf area and photosynthetic activity of organic fertigation-grown plants led to higher yield on higher fruit trusses as compared with plants grown with the other systems, and the reverse was true for the lower trusses. As a result, about the same yield was obtained among the three cultivation methods. Brix sugar content was the highest in basal dressing, probably because high soil EC stimulated fruit sugar accumulation. While CSL has been used mainly for feed of livestock, a culture medium for bacteria and so on, this system showed that CSL could be sued as liquid fertilizer for fertigation to produce vegetable. Moreover, it was indicated that fertigation systems including organic fertigation provide an alternative fertilizer management for reduction of chemical stress on the rhizosphere.View full abstractDownload PDF (993K) -
Michinori NISHIOArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages 513-521
Published: August 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStatistical data on fertilizer application in Japanese arable farming, which were collected from 16,158 farms by the Statistics and Information Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in 1998,were analyzed by estimating the following parameters on each kind of crop ; 1) The amounts of total mineral N supplied to plants during the growing period as chemical fertilizer N and mineralized N from organic fertilizer and compact ; 2) The amounts of N absorbed in the above ground part of the plants ; 3) The amounts of N not absorbed by the plants by subtracting 2 from 1) (nonabsorbed N) and 4) The efficiency of applied N by the plants (the ratio of 2 to 1). The following results were obtained. 1) The mean amount of the nonabsorbed N was very high in outdoor celery (732), outdoor eggplant (483), outdoor cucumber (482), greenhouse celery, tea plant (350), Japanese pear (317), greenhouse eggplant and greenhouse cucumber (311 kg N ha^<-1>). 2) When compared among the outdoor and greenhouse vegetable, outdoor vegetables were applied with the higher amounts of N and gave the lower yields, thus resulting in a higher amount of the nonabsorbed N with lesser utilization efficiency of applied N. 3) The mean yields of conventionally grown outdoor vegetables and tea plants in each prefecture were plotted against the total amounts of mineral N supplied. Although the yields of most plants declined by the heavy N application, the yields of outdoor eggplant and tea leaves were not declined, even by the 1,100 kg N ha^<-1>. The utilization efficiency of N for most outdoor vegetables significantly declined with the increase of the amounts of N application. Especially, the utilization efficiencies of N of outdoor eggplant and cucumber were lower than 20% in most of the prefectures.View full abstractDownload PDF (907K) -
Michinori NISHIOArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages 522-528
Published: August 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method was proposed to assess the risk of nitrate pollution of groundwater by utilizing the nitrogen fertilization load (NF load), which is the amount of nitrogen not absorbed by the individual crop species form nitrogen applied as fertilizers and composts. The standard NF load was estimated from statistical data on the fertilizer application in Japan. This method follows : 1) The area of each crop in municipalities are collected from the statistics. The total NF load in each municipal is calculated by multiplying the area of each crop by the standard NF load. 2) The total NF loads are divided by the total areas of the municipalities to estimate the risk indicator of ground water pollution by nitrate with fertilized nitrogen. The applicability of the indicator was confirmed to have the good correlation (significant at p<0.01) with nitrate+nitrite-N levels in shallow wells in municipalities in Ibaraki Prefecture and Nagano Prefecture. 3) When the municipalities have considerable different annual rainfalls, total NF loads are divided by the products of (the total areas of the municipalities) and (the differences between annual rainfall and evapotranspiration). This indicator was confirmed to have a better correlation than the above indicator with nitrate+nitrite-N levels in shallow wells in municipalities in Nagano Prefecture.View full abstractDownload PDF (800K) -
Naoharu MIZUNO, Kenji HORIE, Takafumi MIZUNO, Shiro NOSAKAArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages 529-534
Published: August 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS"Thlaspi japonicum" is the first Ni-hyperaccumulator found in Japan, and its concentrations of each element change widely corresponding to its soil condition. Especially, the plant grown at ultramafic soil area showed characteristic element contents, such as high Ni (1,553 mg (kg dry wt.)^<-1>) and extremely low Ca (2,000 mg (kg dry wt.)^<-1>). The comparative analysis of T.japonicum grown in andesitic and ultramafic rock area was performed, and Ni accumulation form in this plant was also investigated by dimethylglyoxim staining. The results obtained are summarized below. 1) Ca content of T. japonicum grown in the ultramafic soil area was about a fifth of that grown in the andesitic rock area. This plant contained high Zn and Cu ; especially, the Zn content of T. japonicum grown in andesitic rock was 10 times greater than that of the common plants. 2) The Ni compound in T. japonicum was observed as rod-shaped crystal, mainly in the epidermis of the leaves and inside the stem vessels. Many rod-form crystals gathering in fan-shapes were observed around the stomata. 3) Ni compound crystals were also observed in the plant dried at room temperature, but were destructed by heating at 70-80℃. It was considered that the latter transformation was caused by the dehydration of crystal water. 4) No crystal of Ni compound was observed in the T. japonicum grown in andesitic rock area, which contained high Ca of 10,000 mg (kg dry wt.)^<-1>. 5) The nickel content of this plant was lowered to 255 mg (kg dry wt.)^<-1> with an increasing of calcium content to 10,000 mg (kg dry wt.)^<-1> after transplanting from ultramafic soil to a mixed soil of ultramafic and calcium-rich andesitic rock. Ni compound crystals in the leaves were also observed, but they decreased dramatically. 6) Some high nickel accumulating plants (100-400 mg (kg dry wt.)^<-1>) were investigated about the existence of Ni compound crystals, but no sample containing the same crystal was gained. 7) In conclusion, the main purpose of this crystallization is thought to be Ni detoxycation ; however, it was also suggested that T. japonicum may use Ni as the proxy for Ca to remove the harmful metabolites in the low-Ca ultramafic soil.View full abstractDownload PDF (1449K) -
Eiji ISHIBASHI, Naohiko AKAI, Masaya OHYA, Kazuo OKIArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages 535-541
Published: August 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe field studies were carried out at three rice paddy fields in Okayama Prefecture, in the western part of Japan, since 1992 to make clear the effect of a continuation of no-tilled direct seeding cultivation on the oxidation and reduction potential in the topsoil of paddy fields (soil Eh), comparing that from conventional tilled transplanting rice paddy fields. Soil Eh, the percolation rate of ponding water and the thickness of organic mater layer on the topsoil were measured routinely at the rice paddy field in Akasaka (Haplic Gray Lowland soils), Suimon (Motted Gley Lowland soils) and Sanyoh (Gleyed Gray Lowland soils), where the application of rice straw in the no-tilled direct seeding fields has been continued since 1993,1993 and 1992,respectively. The major findings were as follows : 1) The organic matter was accumulated on the surface of the topsoil by continuing the no-tilled direct seeding rice cultivation, where rice straw was scattered on the soil surface every year, and its thickness reached about 16 mm after 8 y in Sanyoh. 2) It is generally accepted that the percolation rate of ponding water becomes larger after continuing the rice cultivation with no-tilled direct seeding, but the field measurement revealed that it did not always become larger in the rice fields of Suimon and Sanyoh where the level of irrigation water was high during irrigation. 3) The soil Eh decreased with the continuation of no-tilled direct seeding cultivation, and there was little difference in the soil Eh between the no-tilled direct seeding rice cultivation. Since then, the value of soil Eh after submergence quickly decreased from the surface to a depth of 5.5 cm in the topsoil of no-tilled direct seeding cultivation, and was almost the same as that of the tilled transplanting field. 4) The Eh of the surface soil became quite low and reductive in the rice paddy field where the organic matter was accumulated on the surface of the topsoil by continuing the no-tilled direct seeding cultivation in Akasaka, although the percolation rate was great (52.5 mm d ^<-1>).View full abstractDownload PDF (903K) -
Eiji ISHIBASHI, Naohiko AKAI, Masaya OHYA, Toshio ISHIO, Haruo TSURUTAArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages 542-549
Published: August 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe field studies to clarify the effect of the continuation of the no-tilled rice cultivation with surface application of rice straw on methane emission were carried out throughout rice cultivation period at three rice paddy fields in Okayama, in the western part of Japan. The methane flux was measured in the rice field of Akasaka with high water percolation rate during 1992-1994,Suimon with low water percolation rate during 1994-1997 and Sanyoh with low percolation rate in 1998,under the cultivation of no-tilled direct seeding and tilled transplanting in duplicate about once a week in the rice-cultivated season by using a closed chamber method. 1) The methane emission rate from the no-tilled direct seeding field on the average was 21,47 and 91% of that from the tilled transplanting field in Akasaka, Suimon and Sanyoh, respectively. 2) The difference in the methane emission rate between the fields with the no-tilled cultivation and the tilled transplanting was largest in Akasaka with the highest percolation rate among three rice fields. However, the difference in Akasaka gradually decreased with the continuation of no-tilled direct seeding cultivation because methane emission was gradually increased year-by-year after the surface application of rice straws. 3) The difference in Suimon where the percolation rate was very small became smaller 4 y after the start of the no-tilled direct seeding cultivation, when the soil Eh in the no-tilled direct seeding field was reductive as much as that in the tilled transplanting field. 4) In Sanyoh, with extremely low water percolation rate (4.4 mm d^<-1>) where the no-tilled direct seeding field was continued for 7 y, the methane emission rate in the no-tilled field was about 91% of that in the tilled transplanting field, and both fields were constantly flooded until the final drainage in October without midsummer drainage.View full abstractDownload PDF (960K) -
Kunihiko KAMEWADAArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages 550-553
Published: August 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages 553-
Published: August 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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Sota TANAKA, Kazuhiro MAEDA, Kozo IWASAKI, Katsutoshi SAKURAI, Maho HO ...Article type: Article
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages 554-557
Published: August 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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Akihiro MIYOSHI, Takeo KUWANA, Shinji NISHIGUCHI, Junichiro YOSHIKURAArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages 558-561
Published: August 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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Yasumasa HASHIDAArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages 562-564
Published: August 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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Fumihiko NAKAGAWA, Katsumi KUMAGAI, Yoichi KONNO, Kinei YAMAGUCHIArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages 565-569
Published: August 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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Mitsunori YAMAMOTO, Masanao MATSUMOTO, Tsutomu FUKUSHIMAArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages 570-574
Published: August 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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Shigeru NODAArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages 575-581
Published: August 05, 2001
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Fukuyo TANAKAArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages 582-587
Published: August 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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Masahiko SAIGUSAArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages 588-
Published: August 05, 2001
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Masahiko SAIGUSAArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages 589-
Published: August 05, 2001
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Michinori NISHIOArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages 590-
Published: August 05, 2001
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Koyo YONEBAYASHIArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages 591-
Published: August 05, 2001
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Article type: Bibliography
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages 592-598
Published: August 05, 2001
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Article type: Appendix
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages 599-600
Published: August 05, 2001
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[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages 601-
Published: August 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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Article type: Appendix
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages 1-
Published: August 05, 2001
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Article type: Cover
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages Cover3-
Published: August 05, 2001
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Article type: Cover
2001 Volume 72 Issue 4 Pages Cover4-
Published: August 05, 2001
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