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Article type: Cover
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
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Published: October 15, 1955
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Article type: Cover
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
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Azuma OKUDA, Shiro HORI
Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
201-203
Published: October 15, 1955
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Humic acids extracted with sodium hydroxide solution were almost insoluble to SIMON'S pH 4 acetate buffer, while humic acids soluble to SIMON'S pH 4 acetate buffer were obtained when neutral sodium pyrophosphate solution were used for extraction. And the pH 4 insoluble humic acids were changed to the pH 4 soluble acids by the treatment with neutral sodium pyrophosphate solution; and the pH 4 soluble humic acids were changed to pH 4 insoluble from by the addition of ferrous or aluminium ion in sodium hydroxide solution. So it was recognized that humic acids combined with iron or aluminium ion were insoluble to SIMON'S pH 4 acetate buffer, and humic acids not combined with these metal ions were soluble to SIMON'S pH 4 acetate buffer.
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Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
203-
Published: October 15, 1955
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Takeo NAGATA, Keiichiro MATSUDA
Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
204-206
Published: October 15, 1955
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Akio FUJIWARA, Makoto KUROSAWA
Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
207-214
Published: October 15, 1955
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Water culter experiments of burley tobacco were made, concerning concentration of phosphorus and kinds of nitrogen resource. Nitrate nirogen was far better than ammonia nitrogen for burley tobacco, in the meantime, high phosphorus supply bring on heavy harvest with high quality.
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Takeshi HAYASHI, Yasuo TAKIJIMA
Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
215-218
Published: October 15, 1955
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Changes in the content of organic phosphorus in soils by cropping were examined this time. Two soils, used in this experiment were virgin upland soil at NISHIGAHARA and paddy soil at KONOSU, the latter being manured every year with organic fertilizers (Part 2). The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. Maize and rice plant were cultured in pots of the above two soils for 110 days for the formers and 133 days for the latter. Of soils, taken from the pots, were analyzed organic phosphorus. It was observed that soil organic phosphorus decreased more in cropped soils than in non-cropped, and the rate of decrease was greater in soil of paddy-field than that of upland field. (Table 2) 2. Maize and rice plant seedlings were planted for 40 days on soils which were added with phytin and nucleic acid, 50 and 25 mg P per 100 g of air-dry soil respectively in order (Table 3 and 4). Decrease of added organic phosphorus was more remarkable in cropped soil than in non-cropped (Table 5 and 6). Nucleic acid, added to paddy soil, was almost dephosphorylated during this experimental period, thus the decreasing rate of nucleic acid was always faster than that of phytin (Table 6) in both soils, cropped and non-cropped. The greater decrease of organic phosphorus in case of cropped soil was thought to be due to the accerelated mineralization of soil organic phosphorus caused by cropping.
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Michihiko YATAZAWA, Mitsuo NAMIKI
Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
219-222
Published: October 15, 1955
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In this paper, a preparatory method of synthesizing N-15 rich urea and the mechanism of foliar absorption and translocation of this heavy urea in wheat plant are released. 1. Synthesis of N-15 rich urea Aiming at an economical use of ammonia and concentrating N-15 at the sametime, by letting N-15 in both-NH_2 groups of urea as much as possible, the authors adopted a wet method in which N-15 rich ammonia passes through the aqueous or alcoholic solution of diphenyl-carbonate. At the first step, diphenyl-carbonate was prepared from Na-phenolate aq. and phosgen, then recrystalized from alcohol. The yield was nearly quantitative. M. p. 80°. To synthesize urea from diphenyl-carbonate and ammonia, an apparatus was set as shown in Fig. N^*H_4NO_3(N-15 atom : excess 1.75%) in a three-necked flask was decomposed with NaOH aq., which was led through a separatory funnel fitted to one of the side necks. Evolved ammonia passed through the reaction tube containing calculated quantity of diphenyl carbonate in aqueous or alcoholic cold solution. When ammonia had been absorbed thoroughly, the reaction tube was removed, then stoppered tightly or fused, left it overnight, then shaken for a whole day at room temperature. After 48 hours, the contents separated in two layers of liquid. Then the reaction tube was opened and the products were separated and washed with ether and water. The aqueous solution and washings were collected, washed with ether and benzol to remove phenol, phenyl-carbamate, and diphenyl-carbonate, then evaporated to dryness under a reduced pressure. Obtained crude urea was recrystalized from absolute alcohol and dry acetone. By this procedure ammonium-carbonate were removed. Recrystalized heavy urea melt at 133°; did not show any depression in mixed sample and it was ascertained that its N-15 content was 2.13% of the total nitrogen, The yield was 72% on the basis of ammonia from ammoniumnitrate employed. 2. Foliar absorption and translocation of urea in wheat plants There are yet some doubt in the practical use of foliar application of urea to gramineae, but some research workers have reported fairly good results in wheat experiments about the application during late stage of growth or after the head sprouting period. As a preliminary work studying the assimilation mechanism of foliar absorbed urea, the authors cultivated wheat plants with nonnitrogen nutrient solution and applied the above heavy urea in 2% solution for 5 days just before the head sprouting. Two weeks later, plants were harvested and analized for their nitrogen contents by GANNING'S alteration; and atomic ratio of N-15 in N_2 gas which was prepared from this ammonia, was determined by mass spectroscope. Obtained results are shown in Table. From this, it has been revealed that the following percentage of the applied nitrogen in urea, was absorbed and translocated to each part of plant respectively : 8.6 % to the ear, 2.7% to the boot-leaf, 8.5% to the stem and root, 21.5% to the leaf-sheath of the applied leaf. Under this experimental conditions, the ratio of translocated urea-origin nitrogen to the total nitrogen was about 20% in the stem and root, ear, and boot-leaf.
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Shigehisa HASHIMOTO, Takeshi KAWAMORI, Akira SAKAGAMI
Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
223-230
Published: October 15, 1955
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Working with fused phosphate, we have known that there are some areas in Shizuoka prefecture in which magnesium deficiency appears and crops rospond to magnesium dressing. In these areas, crop plants develop the visual hunger signs, resulting in restricted growth and reduced yield. The manurial effect of magnesium added in the from of magnesium salt or fused phosphate is remarkably excellent in these areas or soils. And so, practising the pot culture tests with magnesium-deficient soil taken from the foot of Mt. Fuji, we have ascertained that this element was very effective for increasing the grain yield acting as a carrier of phosphate in barley plants. At the time of harvest, most of the magnesium absorbed by barley plants was found in the ears, and the amount of phosphate accumulated in the ears of this plants was increased by the application of magnesium.
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Kyoichi KUMADA
Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
231-234
Published: October 15, 1955
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SrL humic acids, humic acids obtained by treating L or Si humic acids with 5% HCL at 70℃ and the acids treated by 0.5% NaOH at 100℃ for 30 minutes were compared each other in their absorption spectra and elementary composition. Above mentioned acid or alkali treatment seemed to cause no fundamental change in the nature of the humic acids, although there occured a slight decrease of light absorbability of these humic acids. The intensity of light absorption of humic acids was more or less greater than that of the original humic acids, their carbon contents becoming higher and their nitrogen contents lower. These changes took place remarkably on the humic acids of low humification degree. It may be presumed that humic acid extracted from soil, no matter what extraction method may be applied, contains not only humified organic matter, in its true sense, i.e. organic matter which shows characteristic absorption spectrum , but also non-humic, that is, fresh or somewhat decomposed and transformed organic matter. The more the method of extraction, pretreatment of the samples and its after-treatment are drastic, or the more the humification is promoted, the more the non-humic matter contained in the humic acid may be decreased.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
234-
Published: October 15, 1955
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Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
234-
Published: October 15, 1955
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Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
235-
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Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
235-
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Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
235-
Published: October 15, 1955
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Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
235-
Published: October 15, 1955
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Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
235-236
Published: October 15, 1955
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Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
236-
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Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
236-
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Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
236-
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Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
236-237
Published: October 15, 1955
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Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
237-
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Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
237-
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Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
237-238
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Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
238-
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Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
238-
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Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
238-
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Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
238-239
Published: October 15, 1955
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Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
239-
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Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
239-
Published: October 15, 1955
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Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
239-240
Published: October 15, 1955
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Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
240-
Published: October 15, 1955
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Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
240-
Published: October 15, 1955
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Article type: Appendix
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
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Published: October 15, 1955
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Article type: Cover
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
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Published: October 15, 1955
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Article type: Cover
1955 Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages
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Published: October 15, 1955
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