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Article type: Cover
1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
1-26
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Y. Arima
Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
247-250
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T. Henmi
Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
251-254
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T. Yamaya
Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
255-258
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T. Takahashi
Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
259-262
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T. Otani
Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
263-264
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K. Tawaraya
Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
265-266
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S. Hiradate
Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
267-268
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Y. Miura
Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
269-270
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Kazuyuki Hori, Shou Murakami
Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
271-276
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We attempted to research the quantification and identification of forms on silicon in rice by using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and the nitric acid/perchloric acid digestion method. The silicon in the rice plant mainly existed as a regular tetrahedron structure and each of the four coordination sites of silicon were occupied by four (O-Si) units (Q^4), showing that the silicon signal shifted around -110 ppm for each ^<29>Si-NMR spectra of rice sample. A good relationship was found between digestion and ^<29>Si-NMR analysis, indicating the capability of ^<29>Si-NMR analysis for the quantitative determination of silicon.
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Hiromi Honma, Syuntaro Hiradate, Haruo Shindo
Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
277-282
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We investigated changes in the chemical structure of Susuki plants during the burning process using ^<13>C-NMR, FT-IR and XRD. 1) When the plants were heated to 200℃, they did not burn. At the temperatures of 250 or 450℃, the plants burned. 2) In the case of comparing the non-burned samples and non-heated plants, their ^<13>C-NMR spectra were similar for lignin and especially cellulose. The relative content of carbohydrate-C in the burned samples was much lower than that in the non-burned samples. Furthermore, the relative content of aromatic-C in the burned samples was much higher than that in the non-burned samples. 3) The results of the FT-IR spectra showed that the absorption of aliphatic C-H stretching and C-O stretching of polysaccharide-like substances, which was clearly observed in the non-burned samples, disappeared or weakened in the burned samples. On the other hand, the absorption of C=C stretching of the aromatic ring or olefinic bond was strengthened in the burned samples. 4) The results of the XRD analyzes indicated that, in the burned samples, the interplanar spacing distance of organic substances was shortened and the aromacity was increased. 5 ) The results obtained indicate that Susuki plants are mainly composed of cellulose-like substances, and are mainly converted into condensed aromatic substances during the burning process.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
282-
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Kenichiro Ikeda, Nagisa Kiyomoto, Hisako Tabuo, Takashi Kume, Naoya Ch ...
Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
283-290
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We conducted water culture experiments to investigate the effects of several nutrients on the brown stain symptom that appears on the seed coat of broad beans. The results obtained were as follows. 1) Almost all seeds of broad bean were deformed, showing brown stain symptoms on full omission of calcium after flowering time. The occurrence percentage of brown stain symptoms in the culture solution from which calcium was omitted for the latter half-period after flowering time till harvesting time was higher than that for the earlier half-period. 2) The occurrence of brown stain symptom was prevented almost completely through the foliar application of calcium after the beginning of flowering under the calcium-omitted solution. 3) Decreasing the Ca: K ratio of the culture solution resulted in an increase in the brown stain symptom of broad bean. 4) The occurrence of brown stain symptom increased as the result of boron deficiency and NH_4-N supply.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
290-
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Hidemasa Kato, Kouichi Hoshino, Susumu Matsukawa, Hideaki Hirai, Xu Zh ...
Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
291-296
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We aim to make clear the formation condition of aluminum (Al) species in relation to the pH and Al concentration in soil solution. Al species and their concentrations were calculated by applying the method of successive approximation reported by Adams (1971). In the present paper, as for the mass balance of Al species, the following four kinds of polynuclear Al species were programmed in addition to the mononuclear Al species: Alt'= [Al^<3+>] + [AlOH^<2+>] + [AI(OH)_2^+] + [Al(OH)_3^0] + [AlSo_4^+] + [AlH_2PO_4^<2+>] + [AlHPO_4^+] + 2 [Al_2(OH)_2^<4+>] + 3[Al_3(OH)_4^<5+>] + 6[Al_6(OH)_<15>^<3+>] + 13 [Al_<13>O_4(OH)_<24>^<7+>] The following results were obtained. 1 ) The Al^<3+> value exceeds about 60% of the Alt' value (total inorganic Al) when the pH value is lower than 4.5 and the pAlt' value is lower than 4. The ratio of Al^<3+> value to Alt' value decreased rapidly with increasing pH value and decreased gradually with decreasing the pAlt' value. The ratio of the concentration of Al(OH)_2^+ to that of Alt' becomes greater than 40% when the pH and pAlt' values are about 5, respectively. This suggests that AI(OH)_2^+ becomes the dominant species when the Alt' value is smaller than 10^<-5> mol L^<-1>. Based on this program, it is estimated that Al(OH)_3^0 becomes the dominant species when the pH value is higher than 6 (slight acidity) and the pAlt' value is lower than 10^<-5> mol L^<-1>. 2 ) The polynuclear species such as Al_2(OH)_2^<4+> and Al_3(OH)_4^<5+> are very low in concentration, and hence can be ignored in soil solution, whereas Al_6(OH)_<15>^<3+> becomes the dominant Al species if the value of the soil solution pH is around 4.5 or higher and the pAlt' value is lower than about 5. If the mass balance equation is based on the assumption that Al_6(OH)_<15>^<3+> and Al_<13>O_4(OH)_<24>^<7+> coexist at equilibrium, the Al_<13>O_4(OH)_<24>^<7+> calculated is very low in concentration, and hence can be ignored in soil solution.
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Yuichi Jinno, Toshimasa Honna
Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
297-305
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Nitrogen balance was measured in lysimeter experiments to clarify nitrate leaching in turfgrass fields. The results are summarized as follows. 1) On the cultivation of turfgrass, 33 gm^<-2> of nitrogen was applied in the plot using standard application, procedures by split dressing 11 times from April to September. During the early stage of growth, the nitrate concentration in the soil solution became higher in the upper soil layer, and during the active stage of growth, became lower due to the plant uptake. 2) Nitrate concentration in leaching water increased in July, with the highest value indicated during the summer (July to September), a gradual decrease in November and the lowest value indicated during the winter (February to March). 3) The annual amount of leached nitrogen was 11.6 gm^<-2>. It was analyzed that 4.3 gm^<-2> of nitrogen was derived from fertilizer by the ^<15>N tracer technique. 4) The total amount of nitrogen absorbed by turfgrass was 29.0 gm^<-2>, and 17.0 gm^<-2> of the nitrogen was derived from fertilizer. After harvesting, the amount of fertilizer nitrogen accumulated in the soil layer (0-90 cm) was 9.4 gm^<-2>. 5) When 330 kg ha^<-1> of nitrogen was applied as fertilizer to a turfgrass field, the nitrogen balance estimated that 51.5% of the fertilizer nitrogen was absorbed by turfgrass, 28.6% of the nitrogen was accumulated, and 13.2% of the nitrogen was leached.
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Masayuki Hara, Kazuhisa Hirose, Hirokazu Ishikawa
Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
306-314
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In order to evaluate the maturity of swine waste compost, we have developed a convenient method for measuring free amino acid levels by paper chromatography. 1) The change of free amino acid in swine waste content with composting was studied using HPLC. The free amino acid content increased for the first several days, and thereafter decreased rapidly to 1/20 of the initial content after four weeks. The change in free amino acid content corresponded to that of easily decomposable nitrogen mineralized by autoclaving. 2) A negative correlation was observed between free amino acid content and the length of Komatsuna (Brassica campestris L.) root in a germination test. The growth inhibition disappeared when the free amino acids decreased and were in equilibria. Free amino acid content can be regarded as an index of compost maturity. 3) Using paper chromatography, the change in free amino acid content could be detected even at a low concentration level. Paper chromatography can be used as a simple method for evaluating free amino acid, reflecting the compost maturity. 4) The evaluation method for compost maturity by paper chromatography is as follows: The milled compost sample is suspended in water (1:5 w/v) and left to stand overnight. After filtration, 25 μL of the water extract of the compost is spotted on filter paper, developed with n-butanol: acetic acid: water (12:3:5), and dried. It is then sprayed with ninhydrin solution, and the bands of amino acids are checked after 5 h when the color becomes stable. When the bands over Rf 0.3 cannot be detected, we can regard it as a matured compost.
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Sadayoshi Matsumoto, Hideyuki Namikawa
Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
315-319
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Shinichi Ono, Youko Ogawa, Shigeru Takahashi, Satoshi Ohno
Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
320-323
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Keizo Hirai
Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
324-327
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Kazutaka Akashi, Seiichi Komiyama, Osamu Inatsu
Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
328-331
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Tomoyuki Hakamata, Tetsuhisa Miwa, Kohji Yamamura
Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
332-334
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Kazuhiko Egashira
Article type: Article
1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
335-340
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Michinori Nishio
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1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
341-346
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K. Egashira
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1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
347-
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Article type: Appendix
1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
348-
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1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
349-358
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Article type: Appendix
1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
359-
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Article type: Appendix
1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
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1999 Volume 70 Issue 3 Pages
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