Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
Online ISSN : 2424-0583
Print ISSN : 0029-0610
Volume 25, Issue 3
Displaying 1-26 of 26 articles from this issue
  • Article type: Cover
    1954 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages Cover1-
    Published: October 05, 1954
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Article type: Cover
    1954 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages Cover2-
    Published: October 05, 1954
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1954 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages App1-
    Published: October 05, 1954
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Yasuo TAKIJIMA, Takeshi HAYASHI
    Article type: Article
    1954 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 97-101
    Published: October 05, 1954
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1954 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 101-
    Published: October 05, 1954
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1954 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 101-
    Published: October 05, 1954
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Ichiro KATAOKA, Giichi YOSHIKAWA, Tetsuro KITAMURA
    Article type: Article
    1954 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 102-106
    Published: October 05, 1954
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    (A) The effectiveness of 5% oxalic acid for dispersing aggregates of "Onji" as a pre-treatment of mechanical analysis by elutriation method was studied. It was found that the higher the temperature of the solution, the more the effective was to disperse aggregates of "Onji" colloid, but it dissolved rather more minerals of fresh sand. According to the result obtained, the most effective method of pretreatment was as follows : 5 g of sample is shaken in the shaking bottle, with 500 ml of 5% oxalic acid solution, previously heated at about 50℃ (more higher degrees preferably in winter), for 10' by shaking machine. Sample containing humus is necessary to be treated with about 50 ml of 15% H_2O_2 on the water bath before adding oxalic acid to decompose its humus. Solubility of fresh minerals by 5% oxalic acid solution at about 50℃ was found almost neglisible. (B) TRUOG and his associates suggested the complete removal of the oxides of iron and alumina by the use of an oxalic acid-sodium sulfide treatment. It has undoubtedly many advantages for special studies, but it should be used with some modifications in ordinary mechanical analysis. Simplification of TRUOg's method was studied, and satisfactory result was obtained as follows : Place 5 or 10 g of soil in a liter conical beaker, add 10 ml of 15% H_2O_2,and decompose the humus on a water bath. Of soils with no humus, H_2O_2 treatment for about 30' is preferable to break up the combined granules. When decomposition of humus is nearly complete, add some drops of NH_4OH, boil for 10' to drive off the excess of H_2O_2. Prepare a liter seperating fnnnel for removal of the most of clay. Set two lines, showing the following relation, on this funel. One is of showing about 200 ml from the bottom and the other is of 4 cm higher than the above one. Transfer the suspension to this funnel, add 30 ml of 10% Na_2SiO_3・9H_2O solution, dilute with H_2O to the upper line, shake the funnel for a minute, stand for 10', siphone off the suspension to the lower line, fill up with H_2O to upper line, and repeat the same procedure** two or four times according to the clay content. * Adding Na_2SiO_3 is not necessary for allitic soils. ** This is schemed to speed up the filteration procedure which follows. Transfer the content of the funnel to 500 ml of ERLENMEYER flask, dilute with H_2O to abont 300 ml, warm the suspension to 80-90℃, add 10 g of NH_4Cl mixture of 2.1 g citric acid (C_6H_8O_7・H_2O) and 14.7 g Na_2HPO_4・12H_2O, 15ml of 20% Na_2S・9H_2O solution, and shake the flask for 2' vigorously. At this procedure, pH of suspension is kept 7〜6,H_2S is driven off, and the color of the suspension turn black. Add finely powdered oxalic acid crystals, stir vigorously to dissolve FeS and then add drop by drop (1 : 1) NH_4OH to turn the suspension again black and to form FeS by the H_2S in the solution, stir for 1 or 2', and add again oxalic acid crystals to dissolve FeS. Transfer the suspension on BUCHNER funnel baving about 8 cm of inner diameter. Filter the suspension by suction with water pump. In order to remove sulfer which contaminates the soil, treat the residue on the funnel twice with 95% ethyl alcohol to remove the moisture at first, and then three times with CS_2 solution (1 volume of CS_2 is added to two volumes of 95% ethyl alcohol). Three or four times with 95% ethyl alcohol to remove CS_2,two times with hot 5% oxalic acid solution, and finally three or four times with conc. NaCl solution. Transfer the most part of sands to a flask, washing down the still adhered soil particles to the flask with hot water. The pre-treatment of the sample is thus completed, and is now ready for mechanical analysis by the elutriation method of using modified KOPECKY elutriator proposed by Soeiety of Agr. Japan (1924).
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1954 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 106-
    Published: October 05, 1954
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Keizaburo KAWAGUCHI, Hiroshi FUKUTANI
    Article type: Article
    1954 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 107-110
    Published: October 05, 1954
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    Fluoride solution have been used by some workers in U.S.A. for the determination of available phosphate in soils. We studied the item, whether the fluoride leaching method is appliable for the estimation of available phosphate in Japanese soils or not. The results are summarized in the followings : 1. In allitic soils, such as volcanogenous soils, considerable amount of P combined with Al_2O_3 was released by forming complex compounds, not by the anion exchange. 2. In volcanic ash-organic soils (Ando soils), large parts of the phosphorus that seemed to be in non-exchangeable form was leached with N/2 NH_4F solution (pH 5.62). And 50 to 80 per cent of dissolved phosphorus was in organic form. And therefore, in these soils, the fluoride method is not suitable for available phosphate estimation. 3. While, in siallitic soils, the amount of phosphorus released with the formation of complex was very small.
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  • Yoshiharu TOKUNAGA, Megumi IKUZAWA
    Article type: Article
    1954 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 111-114
    Published: October 05, 1954
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    Es wurde die schadliche Wirkung von Dicyandiamid auf die Keimung des Samens bzw. das Wachstum der Keimpflanzen mittels Wasserkulturs untersucht. Das Resultat ist folgendes : 1. Bei der Konzentration von 20 und 100 p. p. m. hat Dicyandiamid keine Giftwirkung auf die Keimung des Samens bzw. das Wachstum der Keimpflanzen gezeight. Die spatere Konzentration entspricht dem N-zugebe von 2 Kan auf 1 Tan. 2. Wahrend die Konzentration von 200 p. p. m. hat keine Giftwirkung bei Keimung gezeit, hat dieselbe Konzentration das Wachstum der Keimpflanzen verschiedenerweise gehemmt.
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  • Matsuo TOKUOKA, Yoshiharu TOKUNAGA
    Article type: Article
    1954 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 115-118
    Published: October 05, 1954
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    Die vorliegende Untersuchung ist dazu angestellt, um die Wirkung des Bodenverbesserers unter bewassertem Zustande zu ergreifen. Als Bodenverbesser wurde Aerotil von A. C. C. benutzt. Das Resultat ist folgendes : 1) Zum erst wurde dem Boden je 0.05,0.1,0.2 und 0.4% von Aerotil zugesetzt. Nach dem Stillstehen von 1,2 oder 5 Tage wurde der Boden 28 Tage unter Wasser behalten. Das Prozent an wasserfesten Bodenaggregaten hat sich mit der Erhohung von Aerotilskonzentration vermehrt, aber die Zeitlange des. Stillstehens hat keinen Einfluss auf die Menge an wasserfesten Bodenaggregaten gezeigt. Die Erhohung der Bodensaule wurde bis dritten Tage nach dem Wasserzusatz bemerkt, und zwar nur bei Aerotilzugestzten Bodenproben. 2) Das Wasseraquivalent des Bodens hat sich mit der Aerotilskonzentration vergrossert. Das Sedimentvolum des Bodens hat auch die dergleichende Tendenz gezeigt. 3) Nach der 28-tatigen Bewasserung wurde der Boden luftgetrockenet, dann wurde er unter Wasser behalten. Bei diesem Falle hat sich das Prozent an wasserfesten Bodenaggregaten wieder mit der Erhohung von Aerotilskonzentration vermehrt.
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1954 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 118-
    Published: October 05, 1954
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Masao HAMAMOTO
    Article type: Article
    1954 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 119-122
    Published: October 05, 1954
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    1. Ca_2P_2O_7 and Ca(PO_3)_2 (not quenched) were insoluble in 2% Citric Acid. But CaNaPO_4,and CaNa_4(PO_4)_2 which could be produced by mixing with sodium chloride and heating at 1000℃ in the water vapor atmosphere utilizing reaction between sodium chloride and water vapor were soluble in the same solutions. 2. CaNa_4(PO_4)_2 as same as Na_3PO_4,AlNa_6(PO_4)_3 decomposed Idaho phosphate rock at 1000℃ and changed to the form of 2% citric acid soluble. 3. When adding phosphoric acid to the mixtures of Idaho phospate rock and sodium chloride, so that the mol ratio of P_2O_5 : CaO : Na_2O of the whole mixtures were about 1 : 2 : 1,and heating at 1000℃ in the water vapor atmosphere, then all P_2O_5 of mixtures became 2% citric acid soluble form. 4. The mechanism of these reactions were presumed as follows : first, mixtures were made which comprised undecomposed phoshate rock , sodium chloride and monocalcium phosphate in proportion to the amount of added phosphoric acid, then on heating, monocalcium phosphate changed to metacalcium phosphate and further to CaNa_4(PO_4)_2 by sodium hydroxide which formed by the reaction between sodium chloride and water vapor, then CaNa_4(PO_4)_2 decomposed Idaho phosphate rock and the final form of phosphate in the products became CaNaPO_4 probably. 5. The manufacturing conditions of these phosphatic fertilizers utilizing reactions above mentioned and the manurial effect of these products will be reported in the next paper.
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  • Haruo CHIBA, Kazuo HONJYO
    Article type: Article
    1954 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 123-128
    Published: October 05, 1954
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    The manurial effects of a granular compound fertilizer, as basal dressing at different applying periods on the paddy rice, were examined in the field experiments for the last 2 years. Besides the above, the plots of mixed fertilizer (consists of ammonium sulfate, superphosphate and potassium sulfate) which contains the same quantities of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O respectively as in the compound fertilizer, were prepared for comparison. The results show that in the case of the mixed fertilizer, the manurial value was most effective when the fertilizer was applied, being mixed with soil immediately before irrigation, while in the case of the compound fertilizer, it was most effective when that was applied in barrow-operation after irrigation. The manurial effect in the latter case was larger than that in the former case, if the both were compared with each other. The differences of these manurial effects were caused probably by those of nitrification, solubility and movement of NH_4-N in soil.
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  • Seiichi SASAKI, Yoshiaki ISHIZUKA
    Article type: Article
    1954 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 129-136
    Published: October 05, 1954
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    Twelve soil samples were collected from Southwestern Hokkaido (including the Oshima peninsula); five samples were used for the present investigation, viz., Yu-no-tai, Imagane, Kuromatsunai, Ginzan and Maruyama soils. (Fig. 1) The size distribution, the amounts and properties of soil humus and the amounts of colloidal matter after TAMM'S method were determind respectively, as well as the inorganic components, acidities and base-exchange capacities. According to the data thus obtained, the authors concluded that the soils of Yu-no-tai, Kuromatsunai and Maruyama belong to Brown-forest soil. Imagane and Ginzan soils apparently are podzolic in their characters. But judging from the ultimate pH value of these last two soils it will be reasonable to understand that these two soils are in the process of regeneration from Podzolic soil to Brown-forest type. The authors published a soil map of Hokkaido based upon studies, made up the present. (Fig. 4 of this report Part 5).
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1954 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 136-
    Published: October 05, 1954
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Azuma OKUDA, Shiro HORI, Katsuhiko TOKUBO, Yutaka YAMAMOTO
    Article type: Article
    1954 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 137-140
    Published: October 05, 1954
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    The relation between the water stable aggregate forming efficiency and the properties of soil conditioners, above all their electric charge or the viscosity of their water solutions were investigated. The results of it were as follows : 1. The electric charges of several soil conditioners, such as A-22…, Krilium, Aerotil, Carboxymethylcellulose, Methyl-cellulose and Polyvinylalcohol, were measured by the TERAYAMA'S colloid titration method and the amounts of water stable aggregate in several soils treated with them were estimated by the modified. YODER'S method. But the results showed that there was no relation between them. (Table 1) 2. The viscosities of their water solution were measured by the OSTWALD viscosimeter at 20℃, and it was observed that the soil conditioner of high viscosity had the excellent water stable agregate forming efficiency. And so, it was seemed that the degree of the polymerization of the soil conditioners was the important factor for the water stable aggregate formation. (Table 2) 3. To pursue further the significance of the degree of the polymerization, the amounts of the water stable aggregate of several soils treated with four kinds of the Methyl cellulose were estimated. The viscosities of 1% water solution of them were 25 centi pois, 100 centi pois, 400 centi pois and 1,500 centi pois respectively. It was observed that the Methyl cellulose of the high degree of polymerization had the excellent water stable aggregate forming efficiency. (Table 3)
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1954 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 140-
    Published: October 05, 1954
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1954 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 141-
    Published: October 05, 1954
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1954 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 141-
    Published: October 05, 1954
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1954 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 141-
    Published: October 05, 1954
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1954 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 141-
    Published: October 05, 1954
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1954 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages 142-144
    Published: October 05, 1954
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1954 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages App2-
    Published: October 05, 1954
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Article type: Cover
    1954 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages Cover3-
    Published: October 05, 1954
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Article type: Cover
    1954 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages Cover4-
    Published: October 05, 1954
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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