Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
Online ISSN : 2424-0583
Print ISSN : 0029-0610
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Volume 61, Issue 5
Displaying 1-28 of 28 articles from this issue
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1990 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages Cover1-
    Published: October 05, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.61.5_Cover1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1990 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages Cover2-
    Published: October 05, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.61.5_Cover2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1990 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages App1-
    Published: October 05, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.61.5_App1
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  • The Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Deficiency on Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Nitrogen Metabolism in Several Crops
    Takuro SHINANO, Mitsuru OSAKI, Toshiaki TADANO
    Article type: Article
    1990 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 439-446
    Published: October 05, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.61.5_439
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    In order to investigate the effect of the macronutrient deficiencies on the utilization and the allocation of nitrogen in wheat, maize, soybean, and potato, an experiment was conducted in the field where treatments (1) with application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, (2) without nitrogen, (3) without phosphorus, and (4) without potassium have been maintained for 74 years. The following results were obtained. 1. The relative dry weight of the harvest organs in the treatment without N, P, or K application, compared with the control treatment, was 28, 88, and 91, respectively, in wheat; 40, 81, and 38 in maize; 106, 82, and 57 in soybean; and 25, 70, and 46 in potato. 2. The absorption of N, P, and K was considerably lower in the treatment without N, P, or K application, the photosynthetic activity should be more important than the N use efficiency and the harvest index of N. The decomposition of nitrogen compounds, translocation, and reconstruction might be kept quite stable under deficiency of each macronutrient.
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  • Effect of Nutrient Composition, Especially the Ratio of Ammonium to Nitrate in Nitrogen of the Medium, on Growth of Spathiphyllum in Plant Tissue Culture
    Koichiro WATANABE, Mitsuko NAGAI, Yukio WATANABE, Noritsugu SHIMADA
    Article type: Article
    1990 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 447-453
    Published: October 05, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.61.5_447
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    Plantlets of Spathiphyllun were cultured in glass test tube with plastic formed caps under a photosynthetic photon flux at 26μmol/m^2・s. The effect of nutrient composition, especially the ratio of NH_4-N to NO_3-N in the medium, on growth, and utilization of NH_4-N and NO_3-N were investigated. 1) The growth of plantlets was the highest in MS medium, followed by KNUDSON C, WHITE, and Noji Shikenjo: i.e., the higher the nutrient concentration in the medium, the greater the growth and the total nitrogen content of plantlets. 2) The growth of plantlets cultured in full-strength MS medium was better than in the diluted MS medium. 3) In plantlets cultured in the media with NH_4-N: NO_3-N ratios of 20:40 and 30:30, the growth and nitrogen contents were higher than those of the other ratios. The analysis of ^<15>N in plantlets fed ^<15>NH_4NO_3, K^<15>NO_3 showed that absorbed nitrogen contents in plantlets were increased, and that plantlets equally absorbed and utilized both NH_4-N: NO_3-N ratios of 20:40 and 30:30 was negligible throughout the culture.
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  • Study on Agricultural Utilization of Deproteinized Plant Juice : 1. Suitability of Deproteinized Juice of Alfalfa Plant as Culture Medium for Rhizobilum Species
    Makoto KITOU, Shigekata YOSHIDA
    Article type: Article
    1990 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 454-459
    Published: October 05, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.61.5_454
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    In the separation process of leaf protein concentrates (LPC) from alfalfa plant leaves, a large amount of deproteinized juice (alfalfa brown juice : A-BJ) is issued as by-product. The purpose of this investigation is to clarify the chemical composition of A-BJ and to estimate the suitability as culture medium for Rhizobium species. The results were as follows: 1) Values of pH, EC, and dry matter of A-BJ were 5.55, 15.5 mS, and 4.78%, respectively. Three kinds of sugar (glucose, sucrose, and fructose) and 11 kinds of amino acid were contained in A-BJ. Among the amino acids, aspragine was more abundantly contained in A-BJ. 2) The growth of Rhizobium meliloti inoculated in A-BJ medium was higher than that in yeast extract-mannitol (YM) medium. The same tendency was observed on the growth of R. leguminosarum biovar trifolii and R. leguminosarum biovar viceae. On the contrary, the growth of R. leguminosarum biovar phaseoli and B. japonicum was more favorable in diluted A-BJ than in A-BJ and YM media. 3) Rhizobial inoculation resulted in the decrease of glucose, fructose, and sucrose contents and disappearance of asparagine in A-BJ. It was considered from these results that A-BJ was available as a culture medium for Rhizobium species.
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  • Absorption of Phosphorus from Soil by Crops : III. Effect of Head Removal on the P Absorption by Crops
    Masako TAKEBE, Tadakatsu YONEYAMA
    Article type: Article
    1990 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 460-465
    Published: October 05, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.61.5_460
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    The role of grains as P sink in the absorption of phosphorus by crops was investigated by the treatment of head (panicles or flowers) removal in three varieties of corn, sorghum, soybean, and upland rice. In corn, sorghum, and upland rice, which accumulated large fractions of phosphorus until the heading time, P absorption was little affected by head removal. In soybean, which largely absorbed P after flower initiation, P absorption was affected considerably by head removal only in the soil where fertilizer P had been applied. In most cases, N and K absorption was little affected by head removal, while Ca and Mg absorption was enhanced, probably due to the increase of leaf and stem biomass.
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  • The Mineralization Pattern of Organic N in Subsoil in Shonai
    Ho ANDO, Hiroshi FUJII, Masanori NAKANISHI
    Article type: Article
    1990 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 466-471
    Published: October 05, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.61.5_466
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    The mineralization pattern of organic nitrogen (N) in subsoil of paddy field in Shonai, Yamagata, was evaluated under field condition. It was computed using the double exponential model (kinetic method). No difference in mineralization rate constant (ka) was observed with values of 0.004/d. However, the ka value in subsoil was less than in topsoil with 0.01/d. Likewise, the mineralization potential (A) in subsoil was less than in topsoil. It was found that there was no relationship in apparent activation energy (Ea) between top- and subsoil. It was computed that the amount of absorbed N by rice plant was more than the amount of mineralized organic N in topsoil during late growth stage. This suggests the importance of the N-supplying potential of subsoil.
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  • Effect of Water Stress on the Movement and Distribution of Water through the Plants of Forage Crops
    Hirofumi SANEOKA, Shoitsu OGATA
    Article type: Article
    1990 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 472-478
    Published: October 05, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.61.5_472
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    A water culture experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of mater stress on the movement and distribution of water through the plants of Rhodesgrass (Chloris gayana KUNTH.) and Job's tears (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) with tritiated water (^3H_2O) in the nutrient solution as a tracer. Water potential of the nutrient solution was adjusted to -0.97 MPa with mannitol in the water-stress treatment. Water potential of the non-stress control was -0.03 MPa. Under non-stressed conditions, relative ^3H radioactivity increased rapidly in the root and stem tissues followed by leaf tissues in the drought-tolerant species, Rhodesgrass, a few hours after the addition of ^3H_2O. In the drought-tolerant species, Job's tears, relative radioactivity increased rapidly in the root tissues but increased slowly in the stem and leaf tissues. Twenty-four hours after the addition of ^3H_2O, relative ^3H radioactivity in roots, stems, expanded and expanding leaves of Rhodesgrass reached about 20, 70, 51, and 58% of that in the nutrient solution. The respective values in Job's tears were 70, 42, 30, and 28%, indicating that the movement of water through plants of Rhodesgrass was faster than in Job's tears. The movement of ^3H_2O through plant's bodies were remarkably reduced in both species under water-stressed conditions. Twenty-four hours after the addition of ^3H_2O, relative ^3H radioactivity in roots, stems, expanded and expanding leaves of Rhodesgrass reached 5, 45, 9, and 8% of that in the nutrient solution. The respective values in Job's tears were 48, 18, 5.5, and 4%. The movement of ^3H_2O from roots to stem and leaves, especially to expanding leaves, was strongly restricted in Job's tears compared to Rhodesgrass. These results suggest that water movement through plants depends on plant species and that a series of resistance exists along the pathway of water movement from roots to leaves through the plants. It is concluded that resistance to water flow was higher in drought-sensitive species, Job's tears, than in drought-tolerant s species, Rhodesgrass.
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  • The Improvement of the Qualities of Muskmelon Fruits Cultured with Rockwool through the Regulation of the Amount and the Nitrogen Content of Nutrient Solution
    Kazushige NAKABAYASHI, Kunisuke YAMAZAKI, Nobuyoshi SAITOH, Tadashi II ...
    Article type: Article
    1990 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 479-484
    Published: October 05, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.61.5_479
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    To improve the qualities of muskmelon cultured with rockwool, the effect of controlling the amount and nitrogen content of nutrient solution and that of the application of humic acid were examined. Using two varieties of crop, the experiment was designed with the combination of 4 factors, each of which was composed of 2 different conditions. From the results of the analysis of variance, we can conclude as follows. 1. Irregular net appearance on the fruits, which reduces the market value of the product, became less prominent when the supply of the nitrogen was depressed at the reproductive stage. 2. Depression of water supply at the fruit-maturing stage did not show any favorable effect. The fruits thus acquired were rather smaller in size and lower in Brix (sugar). Contrary to the usual results of cultivation of melon on field soil, the artificial water stress did not show any positive effect in our rockwool culture. 3. Application of humic acid in nutrient solution affected the surface color of fruits and made it brighter, but further experiments on this subject are needed.
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  • Effects of Planting Density and Methods of Supplement Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Sink/Source Ratio in Rice Plant
    Tetsushi YOSHIDA, Yoshinori YAMAMOTO, Tetsuya ENOMOTO, Giichi YOSHIKAW ...
    Article type: Article
    1990 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 485-492
    Published: October 05, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.61.5_485
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    Effects of planting density and times and methods of nitrogen supplement applications (surface, deep-layer application) at vegetative stage on sink (number of spikelets/m^2) and source (leaf area index at heading time; LAI) were examined under the climate of the southern district of Japan. 1) Significant positive correlation was observed between sink and source. In the surface application plot, the supplement application at 30 days before heading was more favorable for sink number than at other times, and the source was affected significantly by planting density. In close planting-surface application plot, sink/source ratio was lower than in other plots, though the sink showed considerably high value. Sparse planting-surface application and deep-layer application plots showed high sink/source ratios among equal sink levels. These results suggested that the method of sparse planting-surface application and deep-layer application were advantageous to make the sink efficient. 2) Sink/N ratio in shoot at heading time (N efficiency) showed significant negative correlation with the N content. In surface application plot, N efficiency decreased as the planting density increased. 3) In the plots of sparse planting-surface application and deep-layer application, the yield of brown rice was rather low, though these plots showed high sink/source ratios and high N efficiency. These results were explained from the low percentage of ripened grain due to the competition among spikelets to obtain the carbohydrate from the leaf sheath and culm at heading time.
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  • Subdivision of Gray Lowland Soils into the Anthraquic and Groundwater Aquic Types
    Hiroshi OBARA, Masanori MITSUCHI
    Article type: Article
    1990 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 493-498
    Published: October 05, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.61.5_493
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    Groundwater aquic soils and anthraquic soils coexist in Gray Lowland soils, and are not separated in the classification system of cultivated soils. But the difference is important from the viewpoint of water dynamics, soil management, and land use. Shapes of mottles seem diagnostic in separating the two types, i. e., cloud-like iron mottles and spotty manganese mottles are characteristic of anthraquic type, while tube-like iron mottles are characteristics of aquic type. Using the data base of Soil Information System (JAPSIS), an attempt was made to separate about 5,000 profiles of soils between aquic and anthraquic types, based on the shapes of mottles. Separation seems fairly satisfactory because the two types of soils show consistent difference in other soil properties, e. g., hardness, structure, etc. The regional distribution of these two types was also evident: groundwater aquic type dominates in Northeast Japan, and anthraquic type is widespread in Southwest Japan. The mechanism which gave rise to this regional specificity was discussed in terms of the forming process of anthraquic Gray Lowland soils.
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  • Mineralization of Organic Nitrogen Derived from Soil and from Rice-Straw-Applied Soil and Transfer from Mineralized Nitrogen to Assimilation and Denitrification
    Shigekazu YAMAMURO
    Article type: Article
    1990 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 499-505
    Published: October 05, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.61.5_499
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    Mineralization of organic nitrogen derived from soil and from rice-straw-applied soil and transfer from the mineralized nitrogen to assimilation and denitrification in the aerobic incubated paddy soil by using the ^<15>N tracer technique were examined. Two types of plots were set up: a non-rice-straw-application plot (abbreviation: OAP); rice-straw-application plots (RSAP) (i. e., 2 subplots, ^<14>N-RSAP and ^<15>N-RSAP). Soil without air-drying was incubated at 30℃. The amount of rice-straw-applied was 1.8g in 200g of soil. At the first time in a given period (for a week in this paper), each tracer NH_4-^<15>N was applied to OAP and ^<14>N-RSAP. Each NH_4 existing and its ^<15>N at the last time was determined. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The rate of N-mineralization derived from soil in RSAP showed a smaller amount than that in OAP from 3rd to 5th week after rice-straw application. The amount was 1.9 mg in OAP and 0.5mg/week in RSAP at 4th week after application. From 6th to 8th week after application, however, the former showed a greater amount than the latter. The amount was 1.8 mg in OAP and 3.3 gm/week in RSAP at 7th week after application. At 9th week after application, the amount of these two plots was equal to 1.4 mg/week. 2) The rate of N-mineralization derived from rice straw was kept nearly constant. The amount in a week was 3-5% (3-5 mg) of nitrogen in the rice straw. 3) The rate of N-assimilation derived from soil in RSAP showed a greater amount than that in OAP in the early periods. But at 4th week after rice-straw application, the former showed a smaller amount with a decrease of its amount of N-mineralization. The rate of N-assimilation derived from rice straw in RSAP was kept nearly constant. The amount was about 3% of nitrogen in rice straw. 4) The rate of denitrification derived from soil in OAP increased in the process of time. The amount was 0.33 mg/week at first week and 1.3 mg/week at 9th week after application. The amount of that in RSAP was only 0.09 mg/week at first week.
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  • Physiological Disorder of Okra (Abelmschus esculentus(L) MOENCH) : Deficiency Symptom of Mineral Nutrient
    Ritsu YAMANAKA, Yukishige YAMASAKI
    Article type: Article
    1990 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 506-511
    Published: October 05, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.61.5_506
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  • Effect of Deproteinized Alfalfa Juice on Germination and Growth of Alfalfa Seedlings
    Makoto KITOU, Shigekata YOSHIDA
    Article type: Article
    1990 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 512-514
    Published: October 05, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.61.5_512
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  • Measurement of Rhizobial Cell by the ATP and Its Utilization for the Measurement of Nitrogen Fixation Activity (C_2H_2 Reducing Activity)
    Toshikazu TAKAHASHI, Takuma GAMO
    Article type: Article
    1990 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 515-518
    Published: October 05, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.61.5_515
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  • The Influence of EC and Phenol Concentration of Bark Composts on Crop Early Growth
    Jun KATO, Shigeru KOBAYASHI, Ken-ichi KAMADA
    Article type: Article
    1990 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 519-521
    Published: October 05, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.61.5_519
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  • Phosphorus Application Grassland in Andosols Corresponding to Phosphorus Fertility
    Toshiya SAIGUSA, Ichimi MATSUBARA, Masao NOSHIRO
    Article type: Article
    1990 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 522-525
    Published: October 05, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.61.5_522
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  • Limiting Factors In Water Supply for Pasture Yield on Heavy Clay Soils and Their Improvement in Tenpoku District, Northern Hokkaido
    Naomichi MIKI, Shuji HIGASHIDA, Masayuki HOJITO, Masahiro YAMAGAMI, Ak ...
    Article type: Article
    1990 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 526-530
    Published: October 05, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.61.5_526
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  • Nutritional Diagnosis Related Mineral Toxicity of Plants : Recent Problems on Plant Nutrition Caused by the Heavy Application of Farm Chemicals. 5
    Takeshi SHIMIZU
    Article type: Article
    1990 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 531-537
    Published: October 05, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.61.5_531
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  • Coastal and Inland Salt-Affected Soils in Thailand-Their Characteristics and Improvement : Japan's Oversea Research Activities. 6
    Makoto KIMURA, Yasuo TAKAI
    Article type: Article
    1990 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 538-544
    Published: October 05, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.61.5_538
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  • The Influence of Soil Properties on the Turnover of Carbon through the Soil Microbial Biomass
    J.N. LADD
    Article type: Article
    1990 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 545-551
    Published: October 05, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.61.5_545
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1990 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 551-
    Published: October 05, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.61.5_551
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1990 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 552-555
    Published: October 05, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.61.5_552
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1990 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 556-
    Published: October 05, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.61.5_556
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1990 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages App2-
    Published: October 05, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.61.5_App2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1990 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages Cover3-
    Published: October 05, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.61.5_Cover3
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1990 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages Cover4-
    Published: October 05, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.61.5_Cover4
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