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Article type: Cover
2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Index
2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Index
2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
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Xiangzhen LI, Masayuki TANI, Daigo AIUCHI, Masanori KOIKE, Katsuhisa K ...
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
335-346
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Recently special attention has been paid to the humification of organic wastes during composting to evaluate maturity and quality of products. The effects of composting period and degree of maturity on production and optical characteristics of humic substance and structural features of humic acid in practically processed cattle manures were investigated. Beef cattle manure, which were mixed with bark litter and well composted (bark compost) by monthly turning for 5 and 12 months, were selected to evaluate effects of composting periods on the humification. Relative color density (RF value) of humic acid in bark composts increased with increase in the duration of composting. Optical characteristics and structural features of humic acids extracted by water and NaOH solution from four selected dairy and beef cattle manures, which showed completely different degree of maturity, were compared. Humic acids extracted by NaOH solution from dairy cattle manures, which were extremely high in moisture and not aerobically composted, were classified into the immature Rp-type and characterized by lignin-like structures from UV-VIS and FT-IR spectra. Aerobically fermented and well-matured beef cattle manure contained the humified B-type humic acid, which was characterized by carboxylic group and amide structures. These functional groups were more remarkable in the water-extracted humic acids than NaOH-extracted ones. It was concluded that practically well processed and matured cattle manure, which had been selected in the present study, contained highly humified organic matter compared to those reported in the previous studies, probably due to high temperature and its own heavy weight on a large scale.
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Shizuka MORI, Yasushi SHIBATA, Hiroyuki MATUDA, Hiroshi FUJII
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
347-354
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We artificially demonstrated the salt adhered damage by spraying seawater on the panicles of rice at ripening stage and evaluated the effects of top-dressing of silicate at the panicle formation stage on the yield suppression induced by the seawater adhesion. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The amounts of silicate uptake of rice plants before seawater spraying were increased by the top-dressing of silicate (top-dressing: 10 and 29d before heading in 2005 and 2006, respectively). 2) In an experiment spraying 5mL of seawater on the panicles of a hill, the amounts of salt adhesion on a panicle were 1.0mg in all experimental plots in 2005 and 1.9 and 1.3mg in experimental plots with and without silicate top-dressing, respectively. In an experimental plot without seawater-spraying, the amount of salt adhesion was 0 to 0.1mg per a panicle. 3) In the seawater-spraying experiment, the rate of damaged and colored spikelets to all spikelets was lower in silicate top-dressing plot than in non-dressing plot in both 2005 and 2006. 4) In the seawater-spraying experiment, the grain yields were larger in silicate top-dressing plot than in non-dressing plot in both 2005 and 2006. 5) The rate of grains over 1.9mm in particle size to all grains was higher in silicate top-dressing plot than in non-dressing plot in the seawater-spraying experiment. 6) The silicate concentrations in rice plants at maturing stage were higher in silicate top-dressing plot than in non-dressing plot in the seawater-spraying experiment. In conclusion, the top-dressing of silicate at the panicle formation stage of rice is effective in increasing the silicate contents of seawater-exposed part (especially panicle). As a result, decrease of grain yield and the rate of grains over 1.9mm in particle size by the seawater exposure was not severe in the silicate top-dressing plot than in the non-dressing plot.
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Takashi SHINGYOJI, Tsuneo MATSUMARU, Kazuyuki INUBUSHI
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
355-364
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Recent research has demonstrated that carbonized cattle manure (CCM) containing citric-acid soluble phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) could be used as a rapidly released PK fertilizer. Two experiments were carried out to develop another usage of CCM as a slowly released P material using Komatsuna (Brassica rapa L.) as a test plant in two soils; Andosol and a sandy soil. In Experiment 1, top growth of the plant was increased only by the addition of P but not of K in the Andosol and sandy soil with very low PK levels. Results indicated that this plant is useful for evaluating the P availability of CCM. In Experiment 2, to evaluate initial and residual P availability of CCM and other P materials, plants were pot-cultivated 4 times a year successively. The weight of the upper plant was measured on both soils where thermal-fused phosphate (Yoorin) 900kg P_2O_5 ha^<-1>, CCM 900kg P_2O_5 ha^<-1> and washed CCM by water 80 to 1 CCM, w/w (WCCM) 750kg P_2O_5 ha^<-1> were applied one time prior to the first planting. Superphosphate 150kg P_2O_5 ha^<-1> was added at each pre-planting as a control. In the Andosol, in the first and second plantings, the availability of P supplied in Yoorin, CCM and WCCM was similar to the P of the control. At the third planting, P availability in Yoorin was also similar to the control; however the response of P in CCM rose to 150% and WCCM declined to 80% of the P availability in the control. At forth planting, the P in all three materials was approximately 20% less available than that of the control. In the sandy soil, by the end of the second planting, the P availability in Yoorin and WCCM was also similar to that of the control. For the CCM, there was a decline in the P availability. From the third planting, availability of P in Yoorin was similar to the control. The availability of P in CCM and WCCM increased significantly to 140% and 240% of that from the control. The P extractants of the soils were measured and averaged using water and the Truog-method after each harvest. The P contents of the applied Andosol, CCM and WCCM showed very little increase similar to the Yoorin. However, the water solubility of P in the applied sandy soil showed both CCM and WCCM increased by 5 to 9 times more than that of the applied Yoorin at the first planting. The water-soluble salts, Cl and K averaging contents of either applied soils CCM were 2 to 3 times and 13 to 18 times higher than that of the control. In the case of WCCM, these contents were estimated 1/4 to 1/2 and 2 to 4 times compared to the control. Thus the WCCM is considered a useful phosphate material without a high risk of salt accumulation where much CCM application is required.
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Naomichi MIKI, Takehiko MATSUMOTO, Hidetaka KATOU
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
365-378
Published: August 05, 2009
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Retardation of nitrate transport due to adsorption and its effects on nitrate leaching in the fields were investigated in different Andosols in Hokkaido. Seventy-five agricultural soils differing in the soil horizon and source ejecta were repacked into columns, and one-dimensional unsaturated flow experiments were conducted by supplying 2.3-11.5mM Ca(NO_3)_2. Retardation of nitrate transport was determined from the water and nitrate content profiles in the columns, and correlated with routinely-determined soil properties. The velocity of nitrate relative to water, averaged for soils grouped with respect to the soil horizon and source ejecta, ranged from 0.58 to 1.00, with the general order of B, C≤buried A<Ap horizons. A highly negative correlation was observed between the relative velocity of nitrate and the acid oxalate-extractable Si content (Sio). Except for the Ap horizons, the relative velocity was negatively correlated (significant at 1% level) with the adsorbed SO_4^<2-> content, which could stand proxy for the anion exchange capacity of the soils. Nitrate velocity in the B, C horizons was also affected by the type and age of source ejectas, with the retardation increasing with age for the source ejectas younger than 2000-3000y. Truog-P and total carbon contents were found to increase the relative velocity of nitrate in the Ap and buried A horizons, respectively. Based on these results, multiple regression equations were developed for predicting the relative velocity of nitrate from Sio, clay and Truog-P contents for the Ap horizons, from Sio, total carbon and adsorbed SO_4^<2-> contents for the buried A horizons, and from Sio and adsorbed SO_4^<2-> contents for the B, C horizons. Nitrate leaching observed in two Andosol fields was in accord with the laboratory assessments, and demonstrated that nitrate adsorption can effectively retard the downward transport of nitrate in the Andosol fields.
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Takeo YAMAKAWA, Mayuko YAMANO, Motoki IKEDA
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
379-386
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A pot experiment was performed in a greenhouse in 2003 and 2004 years about the effect of the applied position of the bamboo powder (B) and the nitrogen fertilizer (N) on yield and N, P, K accumulation of soybean cv. Fukuyutaka. Experimental plots were control, B/N-surface, N/B-surface, B-mixed/N-mixed and B-surface/N-mixed plot with three replicates. The difference of each plot was to change the applied position of B and N. Plastic pots with drain (1/5000 a) were filled with Futsukaichi soil. In 2004 years, an effect of applied position of bamboo powder on the utility of applied nitrogen by soybean was investigated by using ammonium sulfate labeled with ^<15>N (20.7 atom%). High SPAD value and N content in leaf was maintained in N/B-surface and B-surface/N-mixed plot in the filling period, and the seed number and yield increased compared to control. On the other hand, the decline of SPAD value at vegetative stage and the seed number in B-mixed/N-mixed plot suggested the large immobilization of applied nitrogen by the mixing of bamboo powder in soil. Therefore, the decrease of seed yield was thought to be the temporary shortage of nitrogen before flowering. Nitrogen absorption from N-fertilizer was depressed by the incorporation of bamboo powder in the ^<15>N experiment. Also, accumulation of K was promoted by application of bamboo powder except of B-mixed/N-mixed plot. Therefore, bamboo powder might be useful for K-fertilizer. From these results, the mulch of bamboo powder increased the seed yield more than the mixed application. And, the mixed application of bamboo powder decreased the seed yield less than no application, this was though that the initial growth of mixed application was depress and the growth rate after flowering stage was recovered equally to that for surface application after flowering, however it didn't reflect on the actual seed production.
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Sayo FUJIWARA, Haruka URATA, Hideyuki HIRAI, Katsuyuki KATAYAMA, Hisas ...
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
387-391
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Shinji KANEKO, Masahiro INAGAKI, Tomoaki MORISHITA
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
392-395
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Hidekazu ITO
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
396-398
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Kazunori SAKAMOTO, Kouhei ITO, Kazuyuki INUBUSHI, Hiroyuki SATOH
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
399-402
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Tsuyoshi YAMANE, Ichiro YAMADA
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
403-407
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Shigeru UENOSONO, Manabu NISHIDA, Shouichi HASHIMOTO, Akihiro HIGASHI
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
408-412
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Takanori OOMORI, Hideki MATSUMOTO
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
413-416
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Akira WATANABE
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
417-418
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Nagamitsu MAIE
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
419-426
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Tomoyoshi HASHIMOTO
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2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
427-428
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Kyung-Sook WHANG
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2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
429-431
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Article type: Bibliography
2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
432-435
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Article type: Appendix
2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Bibliography
2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
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[in Japanese]
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2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
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2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
440-441
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Article type: Appendix
2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
B1-B6
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Article type: Appendix
2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2009 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages
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