-
Article type: Cover
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
Cover1-
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
App1-
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
App2-
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Index
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
Toc1-
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Index
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
Toc2-
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Tetsuo Hayashi, Yuji Hikasa, Nobumitsu Sakamoto
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
407-414
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Nitrogen application methods were studied, based on growth rate, dry matter production and nitrogen absorption properties for autumn harvesting Japanese bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L.) grown under greenhouse conditions for 3 years. The following results were obtained: l) Growth stages of Japanese bunching onion were divided into three stages based on growth rate by measuring dry weight : [stage 1] initial growth period : from transplant to about 30 d after transplant, [stage 2] maximum growth period : about 30 to 80 d after transplant, and [stage 3] blanching culture period : about 80 d after transplant to harvest time. As basal fertilizer, 100 kg nitrogen ha^<-1> was appropriate to maintain high crop growth rate during initial growth periods, and also to obtain high early growths and high yields. To apply 100 kg nitrogen ha^<-1> as topdressing about 30 to 60 d after transplant led to higher yields, since more gain of dry matter was observed when topdressing was applied during maximum growth periods. Gain of weight of leaf blades during maximum growth periods led to gain of weight of leaf sheaths during blanching culture periods, and resulted in high yields. 2) Japanese bunching onion absorbed nitrogen of 255 kg ha^<-1> when it yielded fresh matter of 158 Mg ha^<-1> or dry matter of 14.1 Mg ha^<-1>. Proper nitrogen application rates amounted to 200 kg ha^<-1>. 3) Proper relations between soil nitrate nitrogen contents before applying basal fertilizer and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer as basal and topdressing were as follows : under soil nitrate nitrogen contents of less than 50 mg kg^<-1>, basal fertilizer of 100 kg ha^<-1> plus topdressing of 100 kg ha^<-1> were appropriate ; under soil nitrate nitrogen contents from 50 to 100 mg kg^<-1>, 50 kg ha^<-1> plus 100 kg ha^<-1> ; under soil nitrate nitrogen contents from 100 to 200 mg kg^<-1>, no basal fertilizer plus topdressing of 100 kg ha^<-1>, under soil nitrate nitrogen contents of more than 200 mg kg^<-1>, only topdressing of 50 kg ha^<-1> was appropriate. 4) Soil nitrate nitrogen contents in 39% of the greenhouses that were surveyed in this study where Japanese bunching onions have been cultivated, were more than 200 mg kg^<-1> in typical production areas in southern Hokkaido. In addition, applied nitrogen amounts were in excess there. Therefore, these nitrogen application methods enable the reduction of soil nitrate nitrogen contents in most greenhouses and maintain low levels of it in the long run.
View full abstract
-
Kazunori Kahyama, Masayuki Hojito, Hiroyuki Sasaki, Hirotake Miyaji
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
415-424
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The method of generating Agricultural Statistics Mesh Data (ASMD) in the northern part of Tochigi Prefecture was examined in order to create a database for a model to estimate nitrogen load. Two available data sets were used for generating ASMD. One was the land use data, which was prepared as 100 m mesh data (1/10 subdivision of standard mesh of the Japanese Standard Mesh System) in Digital National Land Information (DNLI), and the other was the agricultural census data of rural communities and their attached maps. The procedure is as follows : (1) Categorize each mesh into 9 land use classes according to its land use and the adjoining mesh data. (2) Count the total mesh number of each land use class of each rural community. (3) Calculate the acreages of paddy fields and upland fields from the total mesh number. (4) Adjust the differences between the calculated acreage and the statistic acreage. (5) Determine the acreage of crops and livestock number of each mesh. The following matters were clarified as a result of examining the accuracy of the mesh data obtained by this method. 1) When the acreage was estimated using this method rather than directly from the land use data, the contribution ratio of regression analysis between the statistic acreage and the estimated acreage increased. 2) The acreage adjustment between paddy and upland fields within the rural community improved the accuracy of acreage estimation. 3) When the spatial accuracy of the method was examined in comparison with the land use data from aerial photography, the acreage estimated using 1 km mesh data (standard mesh of the Japanese Standard Mesh System) showed strong correlation while the acreage estimated using 100 m mesh data showed no correlation to the acreage from aerial photography, which suggested that this method can be adaptable to estimation using 1 km mesh data. 4) When ASMD is created by this method, it is possible to assess livestock numbers or livestock intensity within not only administrative districts but also catchments.
View full abstract
-
Kazunori Kohyama, Masayuki Hojito, Hiroyuki Sasaki, Hirotake Miyaji
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
425-433
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
A model for estimating the nitrogen (N) load originating from cattle farming by using Agricultural Statistics Mesh Data (ASMD) was developed and the N flow of every 1 km mesh in the northern part of Tochigi Prefecture was calculated. The N concentration of leachate per forage crop fields of every 1 km mesh was estimated from the amount of N load and the Mesh Climatic Data. To evaluate the accuracy of the model, the relationship between the estimated N concentration of leachate and the observed N concentration of river water was examined. 1) As a result of calculation of N balance, average N surplus was 3,423 kg year^<-1> in mesh (414.5 kg ha^<-1> year^<-1> in forage crop fields) in the study area. The sum of leaching-N and surplus excreta-N, which was equal to the N load on leachate, was 2,832 kg year^<-1> in mesh (343.1 kg ha^<-1> year^<-1> in forage crop fields). 2) The estimated N concentrations of leachate in forage crop fields originating from cattle farming indicated a range of 2.0-214,680 (mean 43.2) mg L^<-1>. Only 20% of the meshes related to cattle farming were less than the upper limit of nitrate concentration of drinking water (10.0 mg L^<-1>). The estimated N concentrations of river water and the observed ones, except for some observation points, had a high correlation. This suggests that the N load originating from cattle farming strongly affects the N concentrations of river water compared with N load originating from industry and residences in the study area. 3) The relationship between stocking density of cattle and N concentrations of leachate indicated that when the stocking density of cattle was below 3.5 head ha^<-1>, the N concentrations of leachate were nearly constant and that it is possible to preserve the environment for cattle farming in the study area. 4) Simulations were conducted under three different conditions from original data : there was a 20% decrease of the total head of cattle, a 20% increase of the total acreage of forage crop fields, and a 20% increase of the yield of forage crops. Compared with the original result, the first case is the most effective in reducing the N load.
View full abstract
-
Michinori Nishio
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
435-443
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The actual state of phosphate application in arable farming in Japan was analyzed by using statistical data collected by the Statistics and Information Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. The amounts of phosphate in organic fertilizers and composts were expressed as those of chemical fertilizer equivalents (CFE phosphate) by multiplying the total phosphate contents by the phosphate efficiency factors, which represent the efficiency of organic fertilizer and compost phosphate in comparison with chemical fertilizer phosphate to crop growth. 1) The amounts of CFE phosphate applied have already been attained to the level to get the maximum yields in most of the crops. But outdoor eggplant and outdoor cucumber showed the higher yields in response to the higher application of CFE phosphate and showed no sign of yield decrease even with the application of 1,400 kg P_2O_5 ha^<-1> of CFE phosphate. 2) CFE phosphate derived from composts in total amounts of CFE phosphate applied shared in average 35% in outdoor vegetables, 34% in greenhouse vegetables, 33% in fruit trees and 18% in other crops. These high shares indicate the importance of taking into account phosphate from composts in fertilizer planning. 3) The rates of phosphate absorbed in top of crops to total CFE phosphate applied (absorption efficiency) were in average 9% in outdoor vegetables, 12% in greenhouse vegetables, 10% in fruit trees and 18% in other crops than paddy rice. Therefore, the amounts of CFE phosphate not absorbed in crops were very high with the highest case of 687 kg P_2O_5 ha^<-1> in greenhouse sweet pepper. The results indicated that higher absorption efficiencies of phosphate could be gained by lowering the phosphate application rate without a yield decrease. 4) The absorption efficiencies of paddy rice were estimated to be about 30% in 1970 and thereafter gradually increased to 40% in 1998. This was speculated to have been caused both by the accumulation of available phosphate in paddy soil and the reduction of the amounts of phosphate fertilizer applied after 1987. 5) By using the data of soil monitoring by Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the relationship was obtained, which indicated that in average 1 mg P_2O_5 100 g soil^<-1> of Truog phosphate was increased per 213 kg P_2O_5 ha^<-1> of CFE phosphate not absorbed in rice plants during 1979 and 1998 in paddy soils.
View full abstract
-
Michio Komada, Makoto Takeuchi
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
445-451
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
When vegetable leaves (spinach, spring onion of straight leaf type and cabbage) rotted in closed bettles, considerable parts of their original nitrate nitrogen content was emitted as nitrous oxide. This nitrous oxide was produced as a by-product of the process of the dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). Acetylene inhibited this process and made ammonium generation decrease. And acetylene made nitrous oxide emission increase to 50% of the original nitrate nitrogen content. Fungi with pathogenicity to spring onion attacked their living cells and converted nitrate nitrogen to nitrous oxide under oxygenic conditions. But the nitrous oxide emission by fungi was less than that by the bacteria.
View full abstract
-
Masayuki Hara, Hirokazu Ishikawa, Hitoshi Obata
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
453-458
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
We examined the characteristics of degradation and elution of fertilizer components from the pelletized compost under field soil conditions, and following results were obtained. The fertilizer efficiency of the pelletized compost was improved from that of the raw material compost, because the original shape of the pellet was kept in the upland soil for a comparatively long term. The decomposition rate of the pelletized compost in the upland soil was found to be slower than that of the raw material compost. Therefore, even if the raw material compost is immature, negative effect to plant caused by the rapid decompositlon of easily decomposable organic matter may be limited. Compared with the raw material compost, the bases were leached from the pelletized compost more slowly, and the nitrate nitrogen was released from the pelletized compost several weeks later. Accordingly, the internal anaerobic condition was kept in pelletized compost, and nitrification proceeded. These characteristics were more evident as the diameter of the pellet increased, even when the raw material compost was immature. On the other hand, the molding had no influence on the mineralization rate on the mineralization pattern of nitrogen. In conclusion, since the characteristics of fertilizer efficiency of the palletized compost differs significantly depending on the characteristics of the raw material compost and the soil conditions, it is necessary to search for efficient application technology for crops in the field conditions.
View full abstract
-
Dabuxilatu Dabuxilatu, Motoki Ikeda
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
459-465
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Sensitivity to Na and Cl was investigated in soybean (Glycine max L. Merill cv Fukuyutaka) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv Choujitu Ochiai Nigou) grown in modified Hoagland solution in a greenhouse. In the first experiment 21-d-old plants were treated with 25 and 50 mM NaCl, and 12.5 and 25 mM CaCl_2 for 11 d. Treatment with both the salts similarly reduced the growth of soybean while CaCl_2 treatment at both the concentrations failed to reduce the growth of cucumber but NaCl treatment did reduce it. In soybean plants treated with NaCl, Na concentration was greatly increased in roots and stem, and was not so much increased in leaves. Treatment with NaCl increased Na concentration in both roots and shoot of cucumber plants. Chloride concentration was increased in roots and shoot of soybean and cucumber plants by treatment with both the salts. In the second experiment 16-d-old cucumber plants were treated with NaCl, KCl, MgCl_2 and CaCl_2 at the Cl concentrations of 50 and 100 mM for 11 d. Treatment with 25 mM CaCl_2 slightly reduced plant growth because younger plants were used. When salts were added at a concentration of 100 mM Cl, CaCl_2 treatment reduced growth to 52% of the control plant while treatment with NaCl, KCl and MgCl_2 reduced it to 25% Chloride concentration was increased by treatment with any salt. It was the lowest in CaCl_2-treated plants. Treatment with NaCl, KCl and MgCl_2 greatly increased the concentration of each corresponding cation but CaCl_2 treatment only slightly increased Ca concentration. Leaf Cl concentration was higher than root Cl concentration in plants treated with NaCl, KCl and MgCl_2 while CaCl_2 treatment increased Cl concentration in roots rather than leaves. These results reveal that soybean shows severe sensitivity to Cl but is not so much affected by Na owing to its high ability to restrict the transport of Na to leaves and that cucumber is sensitive to Na but possesses substantial tolerance to Cl. It is considered that when large amounts of various salts are supplied the uptake of Ca which is smaller than the uptake of Na, K or Mg minimizes the effect of excess CaCl_2 in cucumber plants treated with CaCl_2.
View full abstract
-
Masayuki Hojito, Atsuo Ikeguchi, Kazunori Kohyama, Kazuhiro Shimada, A ...
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
467-474
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Field level nitrogen balances within Japanese prefectures were estimated through the calculation of nitrogen concentrations in hypothetical drainage water, assuming that surplus nitrogen in the soil will readily dissolve in water percolating through the soil. 1) Average nitrogen concentrations were 7.8, 8.8 and 2.9 mg N L^<-1>, for nationally, nationally excluding Hokkaido, and Hokkaido, respectively. A wide variation in the concentration was observed, ranging from below zero to >30 mg N L^<-1>. 2) Many of the prefectures with high N concentrations coincided with high animal numbers and, hence, high manure N loading. The high concentrations could not be explained by the rate of chemical fertilizer application alone. 3) A reduction of 30% in chemical fertilizer N use resulted in substantial reduction in N concentrations : 7.8 → 5.4 mg N L^<-1> (-31%), and 8.8 → 6.3 mg N L^<-1> (-38%) in the national average and national average except Hokkaido, respectively. 4) The effect of 'discharging' the nitrogen in the manures, which can be treated by sewage treatment systems, was not clear. It might, however, be worthwhile considering the amount of manure that could be treated by such systems. 5) Utilizing all of the fallow fields by cropping decreased N concentrations remarkably : 7.8 → 5.9 mg N L^<-1> (-24%), and 8.8 → 6.6 mg N L^<-1> (-25%) for the national average and national average except for Hokkaido, respectively. More significant reduction of the N concentration was estimated for combining the chemical fertilizer reduction with fallow field utilization. 6) The calculation procedure involves, however, a number of potential problems including 1) treating whole prefectures as the unit of calculation, 2) the use of mean N concentrations and 3) the reduction of N loading as a result of ammonia emission. These are important factors likely to contribute to a reduction in the accuracy of estimates and should be improved in the near future.
View full abstract
-
Eiji Goto, Shu Miura, Michiko Nomura, Osamu Inatsu
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
475-483
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
In order to understand the present condition of chemical properties of paddy soil in Hokkaido, we sampled plowed soil from paddy field (1,578 points) in Hokkaido. We drew a digitized map with 1 km grid, and estimated the soil chemical property for each mesh. The results are summarized as follows. 1) pH ranged 4.5-6.9, and the average was 5.5. Nearly half of the points investigated were below the lower limit (pH 5.5) according to the soil diagnosis standard of Hokkaido. 2) Incubation nitrogen ranged from 1 to 293 mg kg^<-1> ; the average was 99 mg kg^<-1>. 3) The average available phosphate (Bray No.2) was 500 mg kg^<-1>, which is five times as much as the lower limit of the soil diagnosis standard (100 mg kg^<-1>). 4) Exchangeable Ca ranged from 510 to 5,400 mg kg^<-1> ; the average was 1,985 mg kg^<-1>. Exchangeable Mg 80-3,320 mg kg^<-1> ; the average was 574 mg kg^<-1>. The low pH was thought to be due to the low level of Ca. 5) Incubation silica ranged from 34 to 290 mg kg^<-1> ; the average was 103 mg kg^<-1>. 51% of the points were lower than the lower limit of the soil diagnosis standard (100 mg kg^<-1>). In particular, Brown lowland soil and Upland soil types seemed to have a tendency to be lower. 6) Free iron oxide ranged from 4.2 to 106.2g kg^<-1> ; the average was 18.6 g kg^<-1>. Easily reducible manganese ranged from 15 to 2,272 mg kg^<-1> ; the average was 278 mg kg^<-1>. In the case of free iron oxide, 46% of the points were lower than the limit (15 g kg^<-1>) and a remarkable difference between regions and soil types was observed. Results mentioned above suggest that paddy soil in Hokkaido has some problems that are awaiting solutions. Those problems include (1) low pH, (2) a lack of silica-supplying ability and (3) a lack of oxidation capacity (free iron oxide).
View full abstract
-
Haruo Shindo, Natsuko Ushijima, Toshimasa Honna, Sadahiro Yamamoto, Hi ...
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
485-492
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Twenty four Ando soil samples, containing Type A humic acids, were subjected to the specific gravity (s.g.) method. Two fractions of less than s.g. 1.6 Mg m^<-3> were isolated directly from the soil samples and isolated after digestion of the s.g. 1.6-2.0 Mg m^<-3> fractions of the soil samples with HCl-HF, respectively. The morphological characteristics of these <1.6 fractions were observed with a microscope. The relationships between the amount of organic-C of both < 1.6 fractions and that of the whole soil, the humus composition, or the amount of amorphous Al component were investigated. The results obtained are as follows : 1) Microscopic observation indicated that charred plant fragments were the main components in both <1.6 fractions that had been isolated before and after HCl-HF treatment of all the soil samples. 2) The organic-C content of the <1.6 fraction isolated after the treatment was much higher than that of the <1.6 fraction isolated before the treatment. 3) A high correlation coefficient (r=0.748, significant at 0.1% level) was observed between the sum of the organic-C contents of both < 1.6 fractions and the total organic-C content of whole soil, and 3.4 to 33% of total organic-C content of the whole soil originated from these fractions, with 12 of 24 soil samples showing 9% or more. The findings suggest that charred plant fragments should not be overlooked as one of the constituents of organic matter in Ando soils. 4 ) The organic-C content of the <1.6 fraction isolated after the treatment was highly correlated to the contents of total organic-C (r=0.767, significant at 0.1% level), Type A humic acid (r=0.617, signiflcant at 1% level), or pyrophosphate-soluble Al (r=0.680, significant at 0.1% level) of whole soil. 5) The findings obtained in this study supported our previous hypothesis, in which it was proposed that charred plants were one of the sources of Type A humic acids in Japanese Ando soils. Furthermore, it was assumed that in Ando soils, the charred plant fragments were associated with amorphous hydroxyl Al ions, as in the case of humus.
View full abstract
-
Kazuhiko Kimura, Koji Yoshida, Tomoko Sugito, Shinichi Yamasaki
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
493-497
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Takuhito Nozoe, Reynaldo Rodriguez, Ruth Agbisit
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
499-502
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Naoya Chishaki, Shunji Inanaga
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
503-506
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Naohiko Akai, Eiji Ishibashi, Yasuo Ozaki
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
507-510
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Yasufumi Fukumoto, Yasuyo Nishimura, Kazuhiko Shimasaki, Tetsushi Yosh ...
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
511-513
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Takashi Maehara, Makoto Nagatomo, Nagisa Kiyomoto, Seiji Beppu
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
515-518
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Michihiko Tsuchida, Hiroshi Aikawa, Kazuo Okajima
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
519-524
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Yoshihiko Takahashi, Takashi Hoshino
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
525-528
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Yoshikatsu Matsuka, Yoshihito Kakehashi
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
529-532
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Minoru Matsuyama, Akihiro Ushio, Takeo Kuwana, Junichiro Yoshikura
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
533-537
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Yoshihito Bandou, Minako Kanda, Hiroshi Imori
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
539-541
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Masahiro Amano
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
543-549
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Kiyoshi Kurosawa, Kazuhiko Egashira
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
551-556
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Makoto Nakai, Hiroshi Obara
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
557-565
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Katsumi Kumagai
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
567-568
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Hiroyuki Shiga
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
569-570
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Bibliography
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
571-576
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
577-578
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
578-
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
578-
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
579-
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
A1-A6
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
App3-
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
App4-
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
App5-
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
App6-
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
App7-
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
App8-
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
App9-
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
App10-
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Cover
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
Cover2-
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Cover
2003 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages
Cover3-
Published: August 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
