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Article type: Cover
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
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Published: September 05, 1955
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Article type: Cover
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
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Takeo NAGATA, Keiichiro MATSUDA
Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
121-126
Published: September 05, 1955
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Reductions of nitrates and nitrites in Yellow and Ando soil at Iwatahara Shizuoka prefecture, were studied, and the results obtained were as follows : l) Reduction of nitrates under paddy condition in Yellow soils occurs even when no addition of glucose is made as sources of energy, and it is favored by the application of CaO to correct soil acidity, but in Ando soils it occurs only when glucose is added. 2) Under aerobic condition, this reduction takes place only when glucose is added to Yellow soils. 3) Nitrate reduction occurs so rapidly in soils acidified (below pH 3.5) with H_2S0_4,and also in buffer solution (below pH 3.2). From these resnlts, the nitrate reduction by acid reaction seems to be of chemical mechanisms. 4) Nitrite added to soils is unstable. In the neutral and anaerobic condition the reduction occurs biologically, while in acid condition it occurs chemically under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Reduction of nitrite added to soils in the paddy condition is more retarded than when added to those in the field condition.
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Ichiro KATAOKA, Tetsuro KITAMURA
Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
127-130
Published: September 05, 1955
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(1) Studies were made on the genesis of reddish soils, found at Kurinokibashi-yama, Southern Shikoku; Kurinokibashi-yama was the hill, geologically made of green hornstone strata. (2) Reddish soils were found to be formed from the materials, which had been derived from this hornstone by several weathering processes, numbered seven. (3) Intrusive minerals of iron were not found in the rocks of this area.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
130-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
130-
Published: September 05, 1955
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
130-
Published: September 05, 1955
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Tatsuo TAKAHASHI, Daisuke YOSHIDA
Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
131-134
Published: September 05, 1955
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Nutritional interrelations between nitrogen forms and phosphate were investigated using tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabaccum) in the flowing sand culture technique. The results can be summarized as follows : 1) phosphorus deficiency was observed in lower phosphate level of N0_3-N series. Especially it was heavier in high nitrogen levels. No deficiency appeared in NH_4-N series. 2) Phosphorus contents of tobacco tissue were lower in N0_3-N series than in NH_4-N series, and in N0_3-N series they were lower in high levels of nitrogen than in low one. In N0_3-N series nitrogen contents of tobacco tissue were decreased with increasing phosphate levels, while in NH_4-N series this relation was not clear. It is apparent that antagonism exists between nitrate nitrogen and phosphate. 3) In N0_3-N series, carbohydrate contents of plant tissue increased with the application of phosphate, whilst nitrogen compounds decreased.
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Takeshi HAYASHI, Yasuo TAKIJIMA
Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
135-138
Published: September 05, 1955
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To investigate the availability of soil orgnnic phosphorus to plants, mineralization of organic phosphorus in soil was estimated by the incubation experiment and also by the use of rice bran enzyme. The results may be summarized as follows : 1. Mineralization of soil organic phosphorus was determined both in upland and paddy conditions; amount of mineralized phosphorus was higher in the latter and was increased by such treatments, as pre-drying of soil, raising the temperature and adding oxalate to soil (Table 2). 2. Soils were added with phytin and nucleic acid, 25〜50 mg P per 100 g of soil, and were incubated at 40℃ for 14 days; mineralization of added organic phosphorus amounted to 5〜9% in the former and 55〜75% in the latter (Table 3). 3. 2% NaOH and 4% NH_4OH extracts of soil organic phosphorus were incubated or treated with rice bran phosphatase. Rates of mineralization amounted to 4〜10% in case of NISHIGAHARA soil extract and 11〜17% in KONOSU soil extract. (Table 4) 4. Phytin was more stabl than Nucleic acid to dephosphorylation, when added to 2% NaOH extracts of soil and incubated or hydrolyzed by enzyme (Table 5). This stability of phytin is probably due to its being combinated with Fe or Al which were found in the alkaline extracts of soil (Table 6).
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Takeshi HASHIMOTO
Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
139-142
Published: September 05, 1955
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A. It is thought that in frozen root-stocks free Ca-ions combine with pectin in middle lamella which correspondingly becomes hard owing to the formation of insoluble pectin compound. The auther affirmed that combined Ca can be extracted only in acetic acid fraction, while in alcohol fraction only free ions are extracted : B. Soybean plants were cultured in water media containing different levels of Mg, Ca and K, but not Na. Cation concentations of Mg ranged from 0.3 to 30 ppm and that of Ca and K from 1 to 300 ppm. The samples harvested during the flowering period and dried were extracted with 70% alcohol and then with 2% acetic acid. Mg, Ca and K in each fraction were quantitatively analyzed. The results obtained may be summarized as follows : (1) The reciprocal relationship among Mg, Ca and K was not so distinct in alc. -fraction, but very significant in HAc-fraction, i. e. the increase of one of the cations as nutrient caused the increase of that cation in plants and the decrease of the other two, and the sum of chemical equivaents of the three cations was kept almost constant. (2) On the Ca-series, with the increase of Ca nutrient, HAc-sol. -Ca increased more distinctly than alc. -sol. -K was much lager than that of HAc-sol. On the Mg-series, the increase of Mg were almost equal in two fractions. (3) It is suggested that, as a ion substitutes for another cations combining with negative colloid like pectin and protoplasma, K-ion does not easily combine with it, while Ca-ion easily substitutes for another cations. So in the plant tissue a great part of K is in ionized condition and Ca is mostly in combined condition. (4) Furthermore these facts may relate to the state of protein in protoplasma and pectin in middle lamella. In the case of Ca-deficiency pectin in the middle lamella of the cell wall may be in sol-state, so the tissue of leaf and stem may gelatinize and weaken, while outwardly Ca-deficiency symptom appears : petioles and stems collapse (Photo. 1) and the plant easily lodges. In the case of K-deficiency pectin may become gel, so the plant becomes brittle and buckling may occur.
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Akio FUJIWARA, Makoto KUROSAWA
Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
143-147
Published: September 05, 1955
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Pot culture experiment of burley tobacco, with three different kinds of soils, was carried on concerning to the amount of application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash. Nitrogen gives heavy yield with inferior quality. Addition of phosphorus and potash brings about improvement in quality.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
147-
Published: September 05, 1955
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
147-
Published: September 05, 1955
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Masao DEGUCHI, Yasusada OHTA
Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
148-154
Published: September 05, 1955
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With a view to near the condition of water culture to that of natural culture, we added two kinds of treatments to water culture. One of these was aeration to the water culture solution and another was to control temperature of water culture solution by burying pots in the soil to upper brim. 1. Aeration was carried out by following two methods. One of these was lowering the surface of water culture solution, and another was addition of dilute H_2O_2 solution to water culture solution. As to barley, both aeration methods was very effective to increase growth and yields, and absorption of nutrients was increased in the following order. P_2O_5>K_2O>CaO>NO_3-N>MgO. In the two methods of aeration, lowering surface was more simple and effective than H_2O_2 addition. The most effective and simple method for aeration was to lower surface of water culture solution by 3 to 4 cm from early March to end of culture. As to paddy rice, H_2O_2 addition was ineffective, and lowering of the surface water culture solution was rather injurious. 2. By burying pot to upper brim, apparently temperature of water culture solution approached to that of soil. (Max. temp. was lowered and min. temp. was raised.) But with regard to increase of growth and yields of the water culture plant, this treatment was ineffective. Therefore, whether this method is adopted or not should be decided according to the purpose of studies.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
155-
Published: September 05, 1955
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
155-
Published: September 05, 1955
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
155-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
155-156
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Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
156-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
156-
Published: September 05, 1955
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
156-
Published: September 05, 1955
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
156-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
156-157
Published: September 05, 1955
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Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
157-
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Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
157-
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Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
157-
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Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
158-
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Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
158-
Published: September 05, 1955
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
158-
Published: September 05, 1955
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Article type: Article
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
158-
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Article type: Appendix
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
159-160
Published: September 05, 1955
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Article type: Appendix
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
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Published: September 05, 1955
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Article type: Cover
1955 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages
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Published: September 05, 1955
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