Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
Online ISSN : 2424-0583
Print ISSN : 0029-0610
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Volume 69, Issue 2
Displaying 1-27 of 27 articles from this issue
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1998 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages Cover1-
    Published: April 05, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.69.2_Cover1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1998 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages Cover2-
    Published: April 05, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.69.2_Cover2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1998 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages App1-
    Published: April 05, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.69.2_App1
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  • Decomposition Kinetics of Organic Materials under Field Conditions in Dark Red Soil Derived from Ryukyu Lime Stone
    Shigeru Goto, Hiroshi Eguchi
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 129-134
    Published: April 05, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.69.2_129
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    The decomposition of organic materials in Dark Red Soil under field conditions was measured using a glass-fiber filterpaper method. The samples examined were seven green menure (sorghum, pigeon pea, sesbania, guinca grass, pampas grass, clotararia, oats) and four composts prepared from bagas, poultry manure, cattle feces and sugarcane leaves. The order in the total carbon decomposition rate of organic materials after 3 y was green manure > poultry manure ≒ bagas > manure made from sugarcane leaves ≒ cattle feces. Three mathematical models were examined to compare the fitness of the decomposition values, and the following double-compartment first-order kinetics model was the best among the models : D_t = C_1e^<-k1t> + C_2e^<-k2t> (C_1 +C_2 =100%), where D_t is the amount of residual carbon of organic materials at time t (month) and C_1 (labile fraction) and C_2 (non-labile fraction) are the initial proportions decomposed according to the rate constants k_1 and k_2, respectively. The C_1 value was positively correlated with the total carbon of the organic material, the amount of ethanol-benzene soluble fraction and the amount fo hot water plus ethaanol-benzene solible fraction. The C_2 value was positively correlated with the amount of lignin. Using the decomposition rate obtained by this model, the long-term changes in total carbon in the soil by successive application of organic material was estimated. According to the estimation, it will take about 20 y to leach a stationary state.
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  • Potentiality of Metal Elution from Soils Applied with Sludges
    Hiroyuki Hattori
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 135-143
    Published: April 05, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.69.2_135
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    To elucidate the potentiality of the elution of heavy metals from soils amended with sludges, the relationship between the amounts of Zn and Cu extracted from sldges and sludge-amended soils with various concentrations of acids and the pH of the extractants were in vestigated. 1) The amount of Zn extracted from the sludges increased with the decrease in pH of the extractants when the pH was below 5.5. More than 90% of the total Zn was extracted by the extractants with a pH of 2, while only about 5% of the total Zn in soil was extracted by extractants with a pH of 1. The amount of Cu extracted from sludges increased with the decrcase in pH when the pH was below 4/. 2) The amount of Zn extracted from soils amended with sludges increased when the pH was below 5.5 rcgardless of the types of soil and sludge. The amount of Cu extracted increased when the pH was below 4. 3) The amount of Zn and Cu extracted from sludge-amended soil by acid did not change greatly over the ten years since the application of sludge. These results suggest that the elution of heavy metals from sludge-amended soils is influenced greatly by pH and the potentiality of elution by acid does not change for a long time.
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  • Relationship between Forms of Active Aluminum and Iron, and Phosphate Retention Capacity Free from Precipitation of Ca and Mg Phosphates
    Masami Nanzyo, Yasuo Nakamaru, Toyoaki Ito, Shin-ichi Yamasaki
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 144-149
    Published: April 05, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.69.2_144
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    Phosphate sorption coefficient (PSC) has long been used to charcterize Andosols and to calculate the P rate for the amendment of poor P status in Andosols. For the determination of PSC, 25 g kg^<-1> of ammonium phosphate adjusted to pH 7 was added to a soil sample at a solution : soil ratio of 2 : 1. However, three problems were pointed out for the PSC as follows : (i) the reactivity of soil and phosphate depends on final phosphate concentrations, (ii) the PSC of most matured Andosols show similar values near the upper limit and (iii) the reason for a solution pH of 7 is not clear. Recently, it was further revealed that PSC was overestimated in Gley soils and Gray lowland soils due to the precipitation of CaHPO_4・2H_2O and MgNH_4PO_4・6H_2O. Hence a new method to determine phosphate retention capacity was developd to solve these problems. In the new method, 0.07 mol L^<-1> sodium phosphate solution adjusted to pH 4.3 using 0.1 mol L^<-1> of acetate buffer was added to soils at solution : soil ratios of 2 : 1, 10 : 1 and 40 : 1. Among them, using two results interposing a final phosphate concentration of 0.05 mol L^<-1>, phosphate retention capacity was calculated at the final phosphate concentration of 0.05 mol L^<-1>. The phosphate retention capacity was free from precipitation of CaHPO_4・2H_2O and MgNH_4PO_4・6H_2O in most Gley soils and Gray lowland soils. A linear relationship was observed between phosphate retention capacity and the content of oxalate-extractable Al (Al_0) plus half iron (Fe_0) for Andosols and non-allophanic Andosols. The atomic ratio of the PSC / (AL_0+Fe_0) was 0.16-0.21 for allophanic Ardosols and 0.32 0.38 for non-allophanic Andosols.
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  • A Study on Influence of Soil Water Content for Fertilizer Effect in the Cultivation of Wheat
    Yu Lon Zhang, Yu-Wen Gou, Makoto Kato, Kan-ichi Sakagami
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 150-155
    Published: April 05, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.69.2_150
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    When growing crops, soil water is remarkably well known to influence physical and chemical soil properties, whichi nfluences the fertilizer effect. The following equation (1) is expresses the relation with the amount of fertilizer and crop harvest quantity : y = b_0 + b_1N + b_2P - b_3N^2 - b_4P^2 + b_5NP (1) Where y is crop harvest quantity, N js nitrogen quality fertilizer, P is phosphorus acid quality fertilizer and b_i are constants. In order to know the quantitative relation between fertilizer and crop harvest, pot cultivations of wheat were tested using 3 irrigation water quantities. The resuits obtained are summarized as follows. 1) Equation (1) is proper as an equation to express fertilizer effect. 2) Equation (1) shows water content had a great influence on fertilizer effcctiveness. The harvest quantity of wheat didn't only be differ but also differed for the shape of Eq. (1) as fertilizer effectiveness. 3) Soil water greatly influences the effect of fertilizer. However, water has a greater effect on nitrogen quality fertilizer as compared to phosphorus acid quality fertilizer.
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  • Estimation of the Critical Value of Iron Deficiency and Manganese Excess in Spinach Based on the Amount of Secreted Riboflavin
    Takeshi Shimizu, Kisaburo Samukawa, Yutaka Komai
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 156-161
    Published: April 05, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.69.2_156
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    Spinach was grown in low iron concentrations (1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32, 0 times the control level) or a control (3 mg L^<-1>) and in high manganese concentrations (5, 10, 100, 200, 400, times the control level) or a control (0.5 mg L^<-1>). The amount of riboflavin secreted to the culture solution from spinach root was measured. The concentration of riboflavin io roots and the amount in the culture solution rose as the iron concentration decreased in the culture solution. Also, the amount of riboflavin secreted from spinach root to the culture solution increased rcmarkably with the iron concentrations below 1/8 times that of the control level. In this case, a highly negative correlation was admitted between the iron concentration of leaves and the amount of riboflavin secreted to the culture solution. So it was guessed that the critical value of iron deficiency as a concentration of iron in leaves was 72 mg kg^<-1>. On the other hand, the amount of riboflavin secreted to the culture solution increased with the excessive administration of manganese. It was suggested that the excessive manganese led to the iron deficiency. Also, a highly positive correlation was observed between the manganese concentration of leaves and the amount of riboflavin secreted to the culture solution. So it was guessed the critical value of manganese excess with iron deficiency as a concentration of manganese in leaves was 108 mg kg^<-1>.
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  • Denitrification Measuremeht and Evaluation of Nitrogen Purification Function at Small Channels in Rural Zones
    Michio Komada, Makoto Takeuchi
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 162-169
    Published: April 05, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.69.2_162
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    Denitrification was studied at five points of small channels in Tsukuba, Japan for 1 y. Denitrification rates (DR) were measured by the acetylene inhibition technique and quantified by the increments of N_2O-N during 2 h incubation in undisturbed sediment cores (5 cm in diameter and 21 cm long) containing scdiment 5 cm in thickness. The denitrification substrate removal rate (DSRR) was simultaneously determined by the decrements of the sum of NO_3-N and NO_2-N in overlying water. The primary environmental factor to affect DR was the reduction state of the sediment surface evaluated by nitrate amounts in the 1st sediment layer (0-1.3 cm depth) and the swcondary factor was denitrification substrate concentration in the overlying water. Nitrogen purification functions were very high throughout the year at a small channel of flowing rural sewage (point A) since the sediment surfaces were in steady state. The DSRR and DR, on average, were 0.97 and 0.55 g N m<-2> d<-1>, respectively, and the nitrogen purification ratio per 100 m channel length was 2.6% against the denitrification substrate load. But the ratios at other points fluctuated widely because the sodiment surface was carried away during paddy field irrigation eriod ; moreover, the volume of flowing water was very little during the winter.
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  • Seasonal Changes of CO_2 Gas Concentration in Forest Soils at Different Slope Sites
    HIromasa Shimada, Hiroto Toda, Kikuo Haidera, Takayoshi Koike
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 170-177
    Published: April 05, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.69.2_170
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    Seasonal changes in CO_2 concentration at different slope sites and different depths were investigated in stands of 42-year-old Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) and Japanese cypress (Chamaecypris obtusa) in Gunma Prefecture, 100 km northwest of Tokyo, Japan. The study sites were a lower cedar site (elevation ; 730 m), a middle cypress site (760 m) and an upper cypress site (800 m). Diffusion columns of 100 mL were placed in the soil at 5, 15, 25, 35 and 50 cm depths. CO_2 concentration in the diffusion columns was measured once or twice a month for 15 months with a CO_2 gas inspector. CO_2 concentration increased in the summer season and decrcased in the winter season. The range of CO_2 concentration in the soils was close to the atmosphere in shallow depths to 5600 mL at a depth of 50 cm. The relationships between CO_2concentration and soil temperature showed a high correlation coefficient. CO_2 concentration increased with depth at all sites. This reason was mainly attributed to the gas diffusion coefficient. In the case of deep soil, the CO_2 concentration for the lower site was higher than other sites and this tendency was clear in the sulmmer season. This might be attributed to the differences of source of CO_2 evolution. A higher CO_2 concentration was also observed in the winter at the lower site as compared to the other sites.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 177-
    Published: April 05, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.69.2_177
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  • Effects of the Absence of Nitrogen and All Nutrients at the Later Growth Stage on the Contents of Sugars, Ascorbic Acid, Nitrate and Oxalic Acid in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) under Hydroponic Culturing
    Atsushi Yoshida, Kazuo Harada, Akitoshi Sugawara, Toshiaki Tadano
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 178-184
    Published: April 05, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.69.2_178
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    The effects of the absence of nitrogen and all nutrients on the contents of the components related to the quality of spinach were investigated at the later growth stage under hydroponic culturing. Spinach was grown in a standard solution containing 100 mg L^<-1> NO_3-N until plant height became about 25 cm, and then transferred to the following solutions for 10 d : (1)nitrogen was removed from the standard solution (-N solution) or (2) the standard solution was exchenged for groundwater. Al 8 d after the treatment, the contents of sugars and ascorbic acid in spinach were increased about 2-4 tmles and 1.3-2 times as compared with those grown in the standard solution, respectively. The content of nitrate was decreased about 75-90% of the standard solution after 8 d, but oxalic acid was not changed. On the quality of spinach, treatment of groundwater was more effective than that of -N solution. However, when plants were grown in groundwater under a higher light intensity and low night temperature conditions, a physioological disorder appeared in the leaves, in which Na and Ca contents were increased and K content was decreased. This disorder was avoided completely by the addilion of K to the water.
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  • An Assessment of Nitrogen Origin Based on Natural ^<15>N Abundance of Plants Growing in Kushiro Shitsugen National Park
    Michio Komada, Kenji Kimiwada, Yoshihiko Hayakawa, Masayuki Hojito, Yu ...
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 185-189
    Published: April 05, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.69.2_185
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  • Twe-Dimensional Indication of Seed Coat Colours of Adzuki Beans Using Lightness and Chromaticness as Coordinates
    Jun Kato, Takashi Meguro
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 190-194
    Published: April 05, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.69.2_190
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  • Chemical, Physical and Cultural Properties of Plant Culture Soil Made by Piling Water Sediments Mixed with Organic Matters
    Hideyuki Wakasawa, Nagahisa okada, Seiji Takabayashi, Ryosuke Shiroya, ...
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 195-200
    Published: April 05, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.69.2_195
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  • Innovation of Fertilizer Application by Using Controlled-Release Fertilizers. 5. : Application of Fertilizer in Vegetable Planting (1)
    Masateru Takahashi
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 201-205
    Published: April 05, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.69.2_201
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  • Classification of Cultivated Soils in Japan, Third Approximation
    Tadao Hamazaki
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 206-211
    Published: April 05, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.69.2_206
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Bibliography
    1998 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 212-215
    Published: April 05, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.69.2_212
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1998 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 216-
    Published: April 05, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.69.2_216
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1998 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 217-
    Published: April 05, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.69.2_217_1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1998 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 217-218
    Published: April 05, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.69.2_217_2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1998 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 219-223
    Published: April 05, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.69.2_219
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1998 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 224-
    Published: April 05, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.69.2_224
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 225-
    Published: April 05, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.69.2_225
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1998 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages App2-
    Published: April 05, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.69.2_App2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1998 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages Cover3-
    Published: April 05, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.69.2_Cover3
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1998 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages Cover4-
    Published: April 05, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.69.2_Cover4
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