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Article type: Cover
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
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Article type: Index
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
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Article type: Index
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
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H. Ando
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
549-552
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R. Hatano
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
553-556
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Y. Fujii
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
557-560
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H. Naganoma
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
561-564
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H. Kubodera
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
565-566
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T. Sato
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
567-568
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T. Maie
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
569-570
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M. Maeda
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
571-572
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N. Yamaguchi
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
573-574
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Tetsuo Hayashi, Yuji Hikasa, Nobumitsu Sakamoto
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
575-582
Published: October 05, 2004
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We monitored nitrous oxide (N_2O) emissions from greenhouse fields in Hokkaido over four years, and discussed factors influencing the emissions. The effects of some field management practices such as mulching and manure application on N_2O emissions were studied in order to evaluate N_2O mitigation efficiencies of these practices while maintaining current yield levels. 1) Mean N_2O flux was 28 ng m^<-2> h^<-1> (max. 425, min. -8) from the greenhouse field where spinach was cultivated. N_2O flux increased when both its soil temperature and soil moisture were relatively high. Slight N_2O was emitted constantly from the greenhouse field even during winter when the soil temperature was approximately in a range between 1 and 3℃. 2) When clear polyethylene mulch covered the soil in early spring, N_2O flux was at the same level as that from a no mulch field, which was attributed to the fact that the mulch did not raise the soil temperature enough. When the clear mulch was used in summer, 30 times as much as N_2O was emitted from the no mulch field, which was attributed to the mulch increasing the soil temperature up to 28℃. On the other hand, white mulch did not increase N_2O flux even in summer, since it did not increase the soil temperature. These results suggest that choosing an appropriate mulch color contributes to regulating the soil temperature and mitigating the N_2O flux. 3) When immature manure, made from a mixture of cattle slurry and rice straw, was applied to a field, the mean N_2O flux was 608 μg m^<-2> h^<-1> over the two years' experiment. It was as 8 times as large as that when a matured one was applied. 4) When manure and nitrogen fertilizer were simultaneously applied to a greenhouse field, the mean N_2O flux was 216 μg m^<-2> h^<-1> over the two years' experiment and it was 7 times as large as that when nitrogen fertilizer was solely applied. However, when manure was applied more than a week before application of nitrogen fertilizer, the flux was as low as that when nitrogen fertilizer was solely applied. 5) Based on these results, it was demonstrated that proper management practices of a greenhouse field such as the choice of appropriate mulch color to regulate the soil temperature and application of matured manure more than a week before application of nitrogen fertilizer, enabled the mitigation of N_2O emission from the field.
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Kiyoshi Sakamoto, Masakazu Aoyama
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
583-591
Published: October 05, 2004
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The effects of the shredding size of apple prunings on the compost maturation process were studied during the 344-d period of composting. Two composts were prepared from the coarsely shredded (compost A) and finely shredded (compost B) apple prunings by mixing with poultry manure and calcium cyanamide. Compost A was maintained at a higher temperature than compost B. Particle size fractionation of the compost samples revealed disintegration of woody materials and a decline in the C/N ratio of coarse particles during the composting period, the changes being faster in compost A than in compost B. When the compost samples taken at 203 and 344 d were incubated in a soil with ammonium sulfate, compost A did not show any immobilization of inorganic nitrogen whereas compost B showed slight immobilization even after the 344-d period of composting. Thus, it was concluded that the maturation process of the compost from the coarsely shredded prunings proceeded faster than when the finely shredded prunings were used. From a seedling growing test using Komatsuna (Brassica campestris L.), no inhibitory effects on plant growth were observed for either compost after the 203-d period of composting, and the presence of sufficient amounts of inorganic nitrogen was confirmed in the soils after the harvest of Komatsuna seedlings. This fact demonstrated that irrespective of the shredding size of apple prunings, the 203-d period of composting provided products which had no inhibitory effects on plant growth.
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Tomoyoshi Hashimoto, Kazunori Kohyama, Tetsufumi Kubota
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
593-600
Published: October 05, 2004
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A new method to evaluate farming households' behaviors concerning farmyard manure application to fields and to estimate the distribution diversity of manure application levels in nitrogen base per unit area for agricultural land in Kyushu and Okinawa regions (8 local governments) was developed by using the personal questionnaire data of the 2000 Census of Agriculture and Forestry (Permission for Personal Data Use, No. Sohtohshin-333, dated on September 6th 2002). Livestock farming households were hypothesized to treat excess production of livestock manure after standard application to their fields as follows. The livestock farming households, who used their own or common treatment facilities and who exchanged raw manure for litter, would move their excess production to crop farming households, who applied manure to their fields at standard application levels. The livestock farming households, who did "dig-and-throw" or "field-heaping," would apply all their excess products to one field. Other livestock farming households would equally apply their excess products to their grasslands. This simulation gave several manure application levels in nitrogen base; Standard (210 kg N ha^<-1> for grassland, 140 kg N ha^<-1> for upland, 70 kg N ha^<-1> for paddy field), overplus to grassland and extreme excess to one "dig-and-throw" field. The area ratios of fields with overplus application (more than 400 kg N ha^<-1>) to total agricultural land were estimated as follows; 6.7% (Fukuoka Pref.), 8.0% (Saga Pref.), 20.8% (Nagasaki Pref.), 18.2% (Kumamoto Prel), 16.3% (Ohita Prei), 31.1% (Miyazaki Pref.), 23.5% (Kagoshima Pref.), 18.6% (Okinawa Pref.). The volume ratios of the applied overplus farmyard manure to total production in nitrogen base were estimated as follows; 55.9% (Fukuoka Pref.), 73.2% (Saga Pref.), 78.1% (Nagasaki Pref.), 72.5% (Kumamoto Pref.), 65.0% (Ohita Pref.), 83.0% (Miyazaki Pref.), 74.4% (Kagoshima Pref.), 71.5% (Okinawa Pref.).
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Shigeko Goto, Hiroaki Hayashi, Tadakatsu Yoneyama, Mitsuo Chino
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
601-603
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Yoshiaki Ando, Wataru Oyanagi, Norio Moriyama
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
605-608
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Mihoko Moriizumi, Nagabovanalli B. Prakash, Sumio Itoh
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
609-612
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Motomu Suzuki, Masashi Yanai, Takahide Watanabe
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
613-616
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Tetsuo Hayashi, Yuji Hikasa, Haruhiko Nakazumi
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
617-621
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Eiji Ishibashi
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
623-624
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Fukuo Sato
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2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
625-626
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Kazunobu Toriyama
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
627-
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Kazuki Saito, Toru Fujiwara
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2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
628-
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T. Morita, C. Inoue, M. Hasegawa
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
629-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
630-
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Article type: Bibliography
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
631-635
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
636-637
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
637-638
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[in Japanese]
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2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
638-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
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2004 Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages
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