-
Article type: Cover
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
Cover1-
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Cover
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
Cover2-
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
App1-
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Michihiko YATAZAWA, Yoshiaki GOTO
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
129-132
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
In this report, paddy rice plants cultivated in Wagner's pot and fertilized with ammonium-sulfate containing radioactive sulphur in a very-young-head forming period have been sampled 10 times at various stages of development, then their total amount of sulphur was analyzed by A.O.A.C. method, and also their radioactivities were measured by means of Lauritzen's electroscope. Thus the types of absorption and accumulation of sulphur by rice plant were secured, then the metabolic function was considered from the type of analogy. Results obtained are as follows : 1) Total sulphur in leaves and stalks has a little higher in an early stage of growth showing sbout 0.32% of dry matter. Then the contents decreased gradually to a constant value of 0.23%, which continued until the harvest time. Top-dressing of ammonium sulfate soon resulted in the increase of sulphur concentration of plants. 2) As for the accumulation of sulphur in leaves and stalks per one stump, there exists a maximum point at the head sprouting period. And then this accumulated sulphur decreased almost continually as it moved to the ears which, on the contrary, increased it accordingly, however the concentration of sulphur in ears remains nearly the same. 3) The sulphur in ammonium-sulfate fertilized as a top-dressing was quickly absorbed by plants. After 4 days of top-dressing, the stalks already contained considerable quantity of this sulphur (S-35). The maximum concentration of S-35 in leaf-seathes emerges at about 10 days after. 4) The concentration of S-35 in stalks and leaf-seathes shows a little higher value at the ripening stage. The reason is supposed as follows : As the kernel ripens, sulphur which has been incorporated into organic forms in leaf-blades moves the most at this stage of growth and the sulphur stays and accumulates temporarilly in leaf-seathes and stalks which help for a passage and storage, it is believed. 5) In leaf-seathes, the accumulation of S-35 per one rice stump reaches to a maximum point at about 10 days after top-dressing, and in leaf-blades at about 20 days after. Then the accumulated S-35 decreases owing to the transferance as ears ripen. 6) Although there may be some sulphur compounds including thiamen and biotin which assume some catalitic functions in plants, all the facts above mentioned are available to ascertain the signficance of sulphur in rice plant metabolism, which is found in its function which assume the same type of analogy as that of nitrogen.
View full abstract
-
Akira BABA
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
133-137
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
A dozen of fused phosphate (Ca-Mg-phosphate), ground to -100 and -200 mesh, was subjected to pot culture test in the greenhouse. The properties of sample are shown in Table 1. The test crop was paddy rice plant. The vitreous fused phosphates, which had the oxygen mol ratio or (ΣO)/(P+Si+Al) greater than 3.0,appeared to be practically as effective as superphosphate, but those which had the ratio less than 3.0 were outstandingly ineffective. There was a sigmoidal curve relationship between the response to the vitreous fused phosphate and its oxygen mol ratio. Fused phosphates which partially contained apatite, were not so effective as superphosphate, though its oxygen mol ratio were larger than 3.0. (see Fg. 2 and 3) The availability of P_2O_5 in the fused phosphate fertilizers is of course estimated by its solubility in 2% citric acid, but also that in the vitreous fused phosphate is subsidiarily able to be estimated by its oxygen mol ratio, which may be thought to show the strength of its chemical durability.
View full abstract
-
Minoru IKEDA
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
138-140
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Shizukari field near Oshamanbe in Hokkaido, about 570 ha, was appointed as a natural monument zone for studying plants of steppe in 1922. Owing to the development of land, the appointment was released in 1951,so requested by Hokkaido Education Committee, the nature of peat soils in the field was recorded along four lines as shown in figures. The areas of lower moor and high moor are very wide, while intermediate moor is narrow. And almost moor contain volcanic ash soil layer which thickness is about 3 cm. Depth of existence of the layer is indefinite. But the layer is very hard, and is shelf form at marsh shore. pH value of moor is 5.4〜5.6.
View full abstract
-
Masaya NODA, Kenji SAIO
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
141-144
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
A part of ferric, alminium and tri-calcium phosphate becomes soluble or available in the presence of humic acid. Mutual reactions of humic acid, insoluble or soluble phosphates and hydroxides in the buffer solution of acetic acid and Na-acetate were studied, and the mechanism of phosphate release by humic acid was partially revealed. The results are summarized as follows; (1) The hydrolysis of Fe-, Al- and Ca-phosphate were accelerated and the dissolution as total salt were depressed by humic acid. (2) Humic acid released phosphate by preventing the fixation of soluble phosphate by Fe-, Al- or Ca-hydroxides and partially dissolving the phosphates thus formed. (3) A characteristic humate was formed from each humic acid combining with Fe, Al, or Ca-hydroxide in the pH range in which it dissolved or dispersed.
View full abstract
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
144-
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
144-
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Shingo MITSUI, Kiyoshi TENSHO
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
145-148
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Complimentary to the results reported in Part 3,4 was studied the effect of oxido-reductive power of the growing rice plants on the leaching down of soluble organic matter in the soil leachate as revealed by acid-permanganate consumption. As shown in Table 1,2 and Fig 1,2,3,4,the increase of the leached organic matter in the planted plots as against to the not-planted in the later half period of rice growth was out-standing in the soil of the degraded type (Hiroshima soil) in combination with the application of the sulfate-fertilizers. In the normal (Tamagawa soil) or well buffered (Tanashi soil) the effect was far less. Generally concluded, the leaching down of organic matter from the waterlogged soil should be apprehended on the dynamic interaction of the nature of the soil, kind of fertilizers applied and of the root activity, particularly its oxido-reductive power.
View full abstract
-
Kyoji OTSUKA, Takeo NAGATA
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
149-152
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The effect of nitrogen upon both the yield and the alkaloid content of Datura Stramonium L. was investigated by aid of the solution culture and the greenhouse test with Iwatahara yellow soil under different nitrogen supply. (1) The highest yield was obtained at the highest nitrogen supply in the present experiment. (Table 1) (2) The total nitrogen content of the leaf, stem and root respectively increases with the increased supply of nitrogen, but that of the seed increases slightly. (3) With increased supply of nitrogen, the total alkaloid content of the leaf increases, increases in the root to some extent and then decreases, but decreases slightly in the seed. (Table II) (4) The total alkaloid content in the root, seed and stem respectively obtained with the solution culture remarkably differs from that of the greenhouse experiment.
View full abstract
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
152-
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Katsumi HOSODA, Hideo TAKATA
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
153-156
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
In this paper, the form of humus was investigated according to the methods by SPRINGER and SIMON. The results may be summarized as follows : (I). Highly productive soil decreased in the amount of true humic acid, and increased in that of rotted product and the part soluble in acetylbromide, (2). Highly productive soil is low in the degree of humus decomposition (i.e.Z.G.) (3). The Daisen black soil is rich either in humin and lignin or in lignohumin. (4). Generally speaking, it seems that the humus in black soil is strongly combined with iron and aluminum and that it resembles to podzol, while in highly productive paddy soil (e.g. Yonezawa paddy soil), a part of humus is being isolated and is loosely combined with calcium and magnesium. (5) The humus in black soil has a jet black colour and it seems to the authors that in addition to the humus in ordinary form a special form of humus also exists in black soil. Judging from the colouring coefficient TF, field soil is of black soil type, while cultivated soil is of humolignin type peculiar to podzol. (6). The humus in black soil is generally small in its StF. Especially, highly productive soil has a stronger tendency to become smaller in the StF of the humus. (7). In its color-degree NaOH extracted solution is greater than that of NaF, and rotted product is also strongly coloured.
View full abstract
-
Hiroyasu KASHIWAGI, Hajime YOKOI, Toshio YOSHIKAWA
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
157-158
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
In this paper, the authors investigated the chemical properties of soil colloids and the amounts of exchangeable bases of soils, SETA and TAISANJI (SHIGA) and FUJISAKA (AOMORI) The results of analysis, showed Table 1〜6,especially the amounts of CaO, on which we have noticed in earlier papers, well agree with the colloid chemical properties of soils.
View full abstract
-
Hiroyasu KASHIWAGI, Kanichi OTA
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
159-162
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The authors investigated the chemical properties of SETA uncultivated top-soils which are incubated for some days, added with organic material and calcium or magnesium. The results obtained are as follows. On the SETA uncultivated top-soils which are poor in the humus, the humus are added in large quantities, then the created humus do change the property of soil colloid to that of the matured soils. That is, the pH-ζ curves of soil colloid have the minimum-value near pH 5.0〜6.0 and the amount of soluble alminium is yet a little near pH 4.
View full abstract
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
162-
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Shuichi ISHIZAWA
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
163-168
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The effect of various carbon compounds (dextrin, raffinose, sucrose, lactose, maltose, glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, arabinose, xylose, rhamnose, glycerin, mannitol and sorbitol) on the growth of rhizobia and their fermentation characters were studied by the use of yeast water (0.5% Vol.)-asparagine mineral salts-solution as a basal medium. According to the results obtained, the following grouping may be possible. I. Raffinose is not attacked. Generally, the reaction of medium with most of carbon compounds becomes alkaline. Ia. Lactose does not support growth. Iaa. Acid production from arabinose or xylose ……strains from lupine-, soybean-, and cowpea-group, Indigofera, and Styphnolobium. Iab. Acid production from fructose, arabinose, xylose, and mannitol. ……Strains from cowpea group. Ib. Lactose is effctively utilized for growth. Acid production from fructose, glucose, xylose and mannitol. ……strain from cowpea group. II. Almost all of the carbon compounds are utilized, accompanied by the production of acid. IIa. Amounts of acid produced are considerably large. ……strains from pea-, clover-, bean-, and alfalfa-group, genge and Vicia nipponica. IIb. Acid production from arabinose, xylose, and glucose is marked. ……strains from soybean, and cowpea-group, and Sesbania. IIc. Acid production is generally slight. ……strains from cowpea-group, Mimosa, Leucoena, Dalea, Sesbania, Amorpha, Astragalus (reflexistipulatus), Caragana, Lotus, Robinia, and Sophora. Although strains of group II do not select carbon compounds for their growth, few strains from bean-group, Sesbania, and Vicia (nipponica) are included as exception. Dextrin is hardly attacked and seems to retard the initial growth of some strains.
View full abstract
-
Shuichi ISHIZAWA
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
169-172
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The results on the effect of pH on the growth of rhizobia observed in the yeast-water asparagine mannitol solution are summarized as follows : Optimum pH : Slightly acid reaction (pH 6〜7) is generally suitable for most of rhizobia, although lower pH range (pH 5.5〜6.5) is more favourable for some strains, while neutral or alkaline reaction (pH 7〜7.5) is better for the growth of alfalfa, soybean (B), and cowpea (F) bacteria. Critical pH : According to the critical pH in the acid side, rhizobia are divided into three groups. Group I. Acid sensitive (Critical pH 5.5〜6.0). ……Strains from alfalfa group, soybean (B), cowpea (F, G) Group II. Intermediate (Critical pH 4.9>>3.7) This group includes many strains from various inoculation groups and it may be subdivided, though not so clearly. Strains from genge, Robinia and Vicia (nipponia) are more acid-tolerant and those from lupine and soybean (A) are less than others. Among fast-growers, pea an clover bacteria seem to be more acid-sensitive than bean bacteria. Group III. Acid-tolerant (critical pH 3.3>). ……cowpea (E) Considered from each inoculation group or plant, this result seems also to suggest the possibility of subgrouping of the bacterial strains in alfalfa-, soybean-, and cowpea-group, and Sesbania, respectively.
View full abstract
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
172-
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Yoshiaki ISHIZUKA, Akira TANAKA
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
173-175
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
We expressed an idea in which we supposed the possibility of the existence of ecological characteristics in the growth and the metabolism of the rice plant. Fortunately we were able to collect rice plants grown at eight Agricultural Experiment Stations located in all parts of Japan from the south to the north. Using these samples, some preliminary studies have been done to ascertain the reasonability to the idea stated above. The following results were obtained : (1) Almost the same yield of the grain is obtained throughout Japan from the south to the north, while the yield of the straw increases from the north to the south. (2) The local variations of the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the grain are very small, while the contents of these elements in the straw are high in the north and low in the south. (3) The local variations in the content of phosphorus in the straw are comparatively large compared with that of nitrogen and potassium. This seems to have some relation to the iron contents in the straw. Judging from the above results, it may be stated with confidence that our expectation on the possibility of the ecological characteristics in the growth and the metabolism of the rice plant is true. So, it is proposed to proceed the experiment along this line.
View full abstract
-
Shinobu YAMADA
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
176-184
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
185-
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
185-
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
185-
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
185-186
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
186-
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
186-
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
186-
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
186-187
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
187-
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
187-
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
187-188
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
188-
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
188-
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
188-
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
189-192
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
App2-
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Cover
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
Cover3-
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Cover
1953 Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages
Cover4-
Published: November 25, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS