Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
Online ISSN : 2424-0583
Print ISSN : 0029-0610
Volume 74, Issue 1
Displaying 1-45 of 45 articles from this issue
  • Article type: Cover
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages Cover1-
    Published: February 05, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages App1-
    Published: February 05, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages App2-
    Published: February 05, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages App3-
    Published: February 05, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages i-ii
    Published: February 05, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Article type: Index
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages Toc1-
    Published: February 05, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Article type: Index
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages Toc2-
    Published: February 05, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • M. Saigusa
    Article type: Article
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages iii-iv
    Published: February 05, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Masayuki Hara, Hirokazu Ishikawa, Yukio Furuichi
    Article type: Article
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 1-7
    Published: February 05, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    In order to pelletize swine manure compost into pellets of 5 mm in diameter without adding subsidiary material, investigations were made on optimum molding conditions and on drying conditions for the purpose of preventing quality deterioration, and examinations were aiso made on physical properties and handling improvement effects of product pellets as well. 1) As for the molding using extruder, moisture conditions of raw material compost and conditions of axial rotation speed of the machine greatly influence the processing speed and pellet strength. The optimum molding conditions for preparing the pellet of 5 mm in diameter was to employ 0.38-0.40 kg kg^<-1> of the moisture in the raw material compost, and 15 rpm of kneading axis and 14 rpm of extruding axis as the axial rotation speed of the machine. The processing speed under these conditions was 1.9 kg min^<-1>, and the average temperature in the barrel at the time of molding was 63℃. 2) As for the pellets which were molded under the optimum moisture conditions, a remarkable deterioration in appearance was observed because of the proliferation of the filamentous bacteria. The deterioration of quality by the proliferation of such microorganisms can be prevented by drying the pellets to reduce the moisture to 0.15 kg kg^<-1> or less. The drying speed is 0.21 kg kg^<-1> min^<-1> when the pellet of 5 mm in diameter is dried at 50℃, and about 2 h of drying ventilation is necessary in order to reduce the moisture of the products to 0.15 kg kg^<-1> where a long storage is possible. 3) Concerning the dried product pellet of 5 mm in diameter, the cutting strength was 4.3 kg and the durability index was 0.98, which were appropriate levels of strength and durability for the circulation and storage. As for the pellet of 1 cm in length, the effect of compression of the volume due to the molding was to reduce the volume per 1 t of dry matter of the product pellet to 68% of the raw material compost. Further, a dustproof effect of molding was also observed. The amount of the dust generated when the product pellet is scattered amounted to about 1/10 of the raw material compost.
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  • Tetsuo Hayashi, Yuji Hikasa, Nobumitsu Sakamoto
    Article type: Article
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 9-14
    Published: February 05, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    Relations between soil phosphate fertility and phosphate application amount on Japanese bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L.) were investigated under greenhouse conditions for 3 years. The following results were obtained : 1) High levels of available soil phosphate (1,000 mg Truog-P_2O_5 kg^<-1>) were required to obtain high early growths, 500 mg P_2O_5 kg^<-1> of soil phosphate were required to obtain high yields. Negative correlation between soil available phosphate and harvest index of Japanese bunching onion (r=0.997, p<0.01) was obtained between 580 and 4440 mg P_2O_5 kg^<-1>. 2) Japanese bunching onion requires less available soil phosphate content than onion requires because of the following reasons. The growth stage in onion changes from vegetative growth to bulb formation growth, while Japanese bunching onion continues vegetative growth until harvest. The importance of early growth differs between Japanese bunching onion and onion. Moreover, phosphate content in Japanese bunching onion is under half of that in onion. 3) Proper relations between soil phosphate fertilities and phosphate application amounts are as follow : less than 200 mg Truog-P_2O_5 kg^<-1> and 250 kg P_2O_5 ha^<-1>, from 200 to 500 mg Truog-P_2O_5 kg^<-1> and 100 kg P_2O_5 ha^<-1>, more than 500 mg Truog-P_2O_5 kg^<-1> and no application. 4) Available soil phosphate levels in most greenhouses in which Japanese bunching onions are cultivated are in excess in southern Hokkaido. Phosphate application amounts are also in excess there because phosphate application amounts for Japanese bunching onion in Hokkaido follow those for onion. Therefore, adhering to these application amounts will keep the soil phosphate levels within 500 mg Truog-P_2O_5 kg^<-1> in most greenhouses and maintain the proper levels in the long run.
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  • Fumiaki Tashima, Takuya Tatsumoto, Kazuhiko Egashira
    Article type: Article
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 15-21
    Published: February 05, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    In spite of the non-fertilizer application, many farmers have maintained stable rice production with aigamo-paddy cultivation. But, there is no scientific research supporting it. In the present study, a nitrogen balance sheet was prepared to evaluate the capacity of aigamo-paddy cultivation. Input factors, such as rainfall, irrigation water, biological nitrogen fixation in the bulk soil, and excretions from aigamo (a hybrid of duck and wild-duck), and output factors, such as grains, shoots and roots of rice crops, were determined in 2000 and 2001 at an aigamo-paddy field located at Keisen, Fukuoka Prefecture which had been cultivated since 1988. The nitrogen balance was negative, meaning that the output was higher than input, in both years. This indicates that the soil nitrogen should be depleted by repeated rice cropping. However, the soil nitrogen content increased during rice growing, contrary to the result predicted from the nitrogen balance. Factors responsible for the soil nitrogen increase were not completely identified. Judging from the nitrogen balance, continuous rice cultivation in the aigamo-paddy field is not sustainable without intermittent addition of organic residues or leaving the field fallow at fixed intervals.
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  • Koichi Tsuchida, Masanori Nonaka
    Article type: Article
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 23-29
    Published: February 05, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    Our prior studies indicated that Glomus clarum (Gl. clarum) had a growth inhibitory effect on orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L. : Akimidori). In this pot experiment, we examined the growth inhibitory effect using Akimidori and four other varieties (Natsumidori, Wasemidori, Aonami, Kitamidori) inoculated with Gl. clarum. In addition, we investigated the number and proportion of the arbuscules which showed alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity in the mycorrhizal roots. 1) After cultivation for 84 d, in both winter and summer tests, a growth inhibitory effect was observed in Akimidori and Natsumidori in both seasons, and a growth promoting effect was observed in Aonami and Kitamidori in both seasons. 2) The number and proportion of the arbuscules which showed ALPase activity tended to be lower in the varieties with the growth promoting effect than in the varieties with the growth inhibitory effect. From the above fact, the phenomenon that Gl. clarum had a growth inhibitory effect was not universally found for species of orchardgrass. It was indicated that the effect differed depending on the variety. The growth inhibitory effect was considered to be caused by the number and proportion of the arbuscules which showed ALPase activity in the host plant roots.
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  • Teruo Matsunaka, Misuzu Kumai, Asuka Sentoku
    Article type: Article
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 31-38
    Published: February 05, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    We conducted a pot experiment to compare the nutritive effect of anaerobically digested cattle slurry on dry matter production of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) with that of conventional cattle slurry produced in a dairy farm and chemical fertilizer. We applied these nutrient sources onto soil surface in the pots where the grass was grown. Dry matter weight of the grass increased significantly with application rate of the digested slurry and this result was very similar to that shown by the conventional slurry. Even though the application rate of ammonium nitrogen (NH_4-N) derived from the slurries was equal to that from the fertilizer, the dry matter weight of the grass in the application treatments of the slurries was less than that for the fertilizer. Ammonia nitrogen (NH_3-N) was clearly emitted from only the slurries and the gaseous loss of N increased with the application rate of NH_4-N derived from the slurries. Because of the loss, net applied NH_4-N from the slurries, calculated by subtracting the emitted NH_3-N from the applied NH_4-N, was less than that, from chemical fertilizer, from which there was no emission loss. It appeared that difference in the net applied NH_4-N resulted in different dry matter weight of the grass among the application treatments of the digested slurry, the conventional slurry and chemical fertilizer. However there was no significant difference in the efficiency of dry matter production per unit N of the net applied NH_4-N among the nutrient sources used in this experiment, when the applied NH_4-N met N demand of the grass. From the results we concluded that the nutritive effect of the digested slurry as N source on the dry matter production of the grass was not basically different from that of either the conventional slurry or chemical fertilizer, and that the effect depended on the net applied N.
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  • Hirotomo Ohba, Miyuki Thinou, Midori Nakazawa, Takamitsu Konno, Naoto ...
    Article type: Article
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 39-44
    Published: February 05, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    The purpose of this study is to analyze the sulfur oxidation process by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in soil and to understand it quantitatively. First, we examined the kinetic equation (Doubling Time method) for analyzing the sulfur oxidation process by Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans IFO No. 13701 in liquid medium and the parameters that indicate the sulfur-oxidation activity of sulfur oxidation bacteria. We diluted a subculture suspension of A. thiooxidans to 1/100, 1/1,000, or 1/10,000 with sterilized water and inoculated a certain quantity of these diluted solutions into Kamura Medium the main energy source of which is thiosulfate sodium and cultivated it in 30℃ and 25℃. We measured the decrement of thiosulfate ion and increment of sulfate ion by A. thiooxidans every 24 h for lag time and 12 h after lag time. The decrement of thiosulfate ion in both 30℃ and 25℃ increased with time and slopes of the three growth curves were almostequal. Thiosulfate ion that was decreased by A. thiooxidans was almost completely pxidized to sulfate ion. Analyzing the result by the Doubling Time Method, we got three parameters, the rate constant of thiosulfate oxidation in 30℃ and 25℃ (k_<30℃>=0.0793 h^<-1>, k_<25℃>=0.0531 h^<-1>) and the activation energy (Ea=60.3 kJ mol^<-1>), that indicated the sulfur oxidation ability of A. thiooxidans. It is assumed that these parameters could be applicable to A. thiooxidans causing acid sulphate soils.
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  • Shoji Nakagawa, Yuriko Tamura, Hideharu Yamamoto, Kiyoko Yoshida, Tomo ...
    Article type: Article
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 45-53
    Published: February 05, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    Over a period of three years from 1997 through 1999, carrots were grown with application of chemical and organic fertilizers in experimental fields for comparison of quality. High-analysis. compound fertilizer and coated high-analysis compound fertilizer were applied as chemical fertilizer. Fermented rice bran and alfalfa tops were applied as organic fertilizer. The carrot qualities measured were hardness (hardness tester), color (colorimeter), sugar content, carotene content, mineral content and sensory appeal. In order to remove the difference in the amount of growth among carrots in each treatment, fertilization rates were adjusted to obtain the same range of growth, and in addition, ANCOVA was partially applied to root weight as a covariate when appropriate. 1) The carrots grown with the organic fertilizers tended to show lower hardness, color intensity, sugar content, carotene content. Cu content and strength of smell and to score lower on the comprehensive sensory evaluation, while having higher Na, P and Mg content than those grown with chemical fertilizers. 2) Since the frequency of appearance or the tendency of differences in quality of carrots grown with different fertilizers differ slightly with varieties of carrot and cultivation years, it is suggested that cultivation conditions somewhat affect the results of comparisons of quality. 3) These results indicate that the application of organic fertilizers does not always improve the quality of carrots.
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  • Yoshihiko Takahashi, Toru Tsuchida, Norikuni Ohtake, Takuji Ohyama
    Article type: Article
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 55-60
    Published: February 05, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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    We analyzed the characteristics of nitrogen fixation by the root nodules of soybean plant by the relative ureide method in a field experiment from 1990 to 1994. Based on the results, we used the sigmoidal types of coated urea slow release N fertilizer in which nitrogen release starts at a one- or two-month period after application, in upland field converted from paddy field in 2001. Basal or top dressing of selected coated urea fertilizers of two types were effective in increasing soybean yields. Two kinds of the coated urea started to release N after the R3 stage, and they did not inhibit nitrogen fixation by the root nodules. 1) It was confirmed that the relative dependence on nitrogen fixation by soybean root nodules follows a hyperbolic curve with the maximum at the R3 stage. The sensitivity of the root nodules to the NO_3^- seemed to be obvious until the R3 stage, but after the R3 stage, nitrate absorption appeared to be beneficial to maintain nitrogen fixation activity through promoting photosynthetic activity. Therefore, the fertilizer nitrogen supply after the R3 stage harmonizes with the nitrogen fixation of root nodules. 2) Sigmoidal releasing-type coated urea (CUS), which starts to release fertilizer nitrogen after R3 stage, was adopted. CUS120 was suitable for basal application and CUS60 for top-dressing. To select a type, we simulated the soil temperature at fertilization depth. 3) Neither the CUS120 basal application nor the CUS60 top-dressing depressed the nitrogen fixation. In both CUS treatments, degradation of the leaf chlorophyll was restrained in the maturing stage. The seed yield in the CUS120 treatment increased by more than 10% above the control, and in the CUS60 treatment, indreased by 19% mofe than the control (439 g m^<-2>). Moreover, no decline in the seed quality was observed in either CUS treatment. 4) The top dressing of CUS60 fertilizer was applied in a farmer's field. The seed yield of CUS60 top-dressing achieved 449 g m^<-2>, or 21% over the conventional field (370 g m^<-2>). Still more promisingly, crude protein of seeds in the CUS60 treatment increased, compared with that for the conventional field.
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  • Kota Yazawa, Tetsuo Kato, Takashi Noro, Toshihisa Masunaga, Rie Maruta
    Article type: Article
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 61-63
    Published: February 05, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Hiroharu Murakami, Seiya Tsushima, Yukiko Kuroyanagi, Yoshihiro Shishi ...
    Article type: Article
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 65-68
    Published: February 05, 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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  • Hirotomo Ohba, Miyuki Thinou, Midori Nakazawa, Takamitsu Konno, Naoto ...
    Article type: Article
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 69-71
    Published: February 05, 2003
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  • Fumiaki Tashima, Takuya Tatsumoto, Kazuhiko Egashira
    Article type: Article
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 73-75
    Published: February 05, 2003
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  • Hitoshi Sekimoto, Hidemitsu Tanaka
    Article type: Article
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 77-80
    Published: February 05, 2003
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  • Takuhito Nozoe, Tetsuo Sekiguchi, Yoshimaru Nishibata, Tsunehisa Inoue
    Article type: Article
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 81-83
    Published: February 05, 2003
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  • Hiroyuki Ohno, Yasushi Ishigooka, Shinkichi Goto, Hitoshi Toritani, Ts ...
    Article type: Article
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 85-92
    Published: February 05, 2003
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  • Hisatomi Harada
    Article type: Article
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 93-98
    Published: February 05, 2003
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  • Tamotsu Katoh
    Article type: Article
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 99-104
    Published: February 05, 2003
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  • Masahiko Saigusa, Kazuyuki Inubushi
    Article type: Article
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 105-106
    Published: February 05, 2003
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  • Michinori Nishio
    Article type: Article
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 107-
    Published: February 05, 2003
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  • Article type: Bibliography
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 109-113
    Published: February 05, 2003
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 114-
    Published: February 05, 2003
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 115-117
    Published: February 05, 2003
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 118-
    Published: February 05, 2003
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  • Article type: Index
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 119-125
    Published: February 05, 2003
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  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages 126-
    Published: February 05, 2003
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages App4-
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages App5-
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages App6-
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages App7-
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages App8-
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages App9-
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages App10-
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages App11-
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages App12-
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages App13-
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  • Article type: Cover
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages Cover2-
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  • Article type: Cover
    2003 Volume 74 Issue 1 Pages Cover3-
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